句子的五种基本句型结构.ppt

1、Unit 5 Grammar(1),S V Vt Vi lv O P,Subject 主语 Verb 谓语动词 Transitive verb 及物动词 Intransitive verb 不及物动词 Linking verb 连系动词 Object 宾语 Predicative 表语,?,Guessing the birds,Birdwatching,1.A golden eagle is flying.,Birdwatching,2.A crane eats fish.,Birdwatching,3.A Swan has a long thin neck.,Birdwatching,4.A

2、 swallow has a forked tail.,2.A crane eats fish. 3.A Swan has a long thin neck. 4.A swallow has a forked tail.,1.A golden eagle is flying.,Subject(主语),S 动作发出者,Verb（谓语）,V 动作本身,Direct Object（宾语）,DO 动作接受者,1. S + V 主语+谓语 主谓结构,2. S + V + O 主语+谓语+宾语 主谓宾结构,Vi 不及物动词,后面没有宾语,Vt 及物动词,后面必须有宾语,SV和SVO的注意点,1.They

3、are running. 2.Jim can draw. 3.The baby pandas drink milk. 4.We will read English.,run draw vi.(不及物 动词）,drink read vt.（及物动词）,注意: 1.谓语(V)具有各种不同时态; 进行时；情态动词；现在时； 以及将来时 2. 在句中先找主语 subject 再找谓语部分 如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语 如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。 其后有没有宾语是S+V和S+V+O判断标志 3. 如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what.,What do baby pandas drink? What

4、 will we read?,1. S + V,1. S + V + O,动词 + to do: learn/prepare/would like/need/have/ try /want/hope/plan/agree/choose/decide 这就是我们常见的 动词+ to do 句型 动词 + doing sth:mind/finish/practise 这就是我们常见的 动词+ doing 句型 动词 + 宾语从句: think/believe/ be sure/be afraid /say/ know/find,The government wants to protect the

5、 endangered birds.,S,V,O,I will finish doing homework soon.,S,V,O,I think that you can do the job.,S,V,O,I like the golden eagle.,It has a hooked beak.,It looks strong.,It is lovely.,linking verbs(系动词),V,1. S + V(lv) + P 主语+ 谓语(系动词) + 表语 主系表结构,三类系动词,表语三成分,1 The man is in the park. 2 He looks kind. 3

6、 He is a kind man. 4 The singing of birds sounds beautiful. 5 The world will become better.,lv,lv,lv,lv,lv,P（介词短语）,P（adj）,P(adj),P（n名词短语）,P(adj形容词比较级),表语 P成分可以出现 形容词，名词，介词短语(形名介),常见的连系动词 1.表示感觉的动词5个-必须翻译为 起来 feel感到 excited; smell good; taste delicious; sound interesting; look happy 2.表示变化的动词6个：有固定的搭

7、配 get smaller; grow older; become stronger; turn yellow; go bad; come true 3.表示状态保持的动词： stay healthy; keep warm; remain保持 be (am,is.are,was,were)是 ；seem似乎,必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。,易考的混淆点 一 The food tastes _(delicious). S + V(lv) + P I will taste the food _ (good). S + V(Vt) + O His father loo

8、ked _ (angry) S+V(lv) + P His father looked _ (angry) at him. S + V(Vi+介词) + O,delicious,well,angry,angrily,1 三类专门词，而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,易考的混淆点 一 1 He looks _ because his son is looking _ at the bird. A happy,happily B happily, happily C happily, happy D happily, happy _, he can stay i

9、n Hongkong for two days. However, after he heard good news, he stayed very _. A Luckily; calm B Lucky; calm C Lucky; calmly D Luckily; calmly,A,1 三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,A,易考的混淆点 二 1 The food tastes _ A good B well 2 We should stay _ during the earthquake. A calm B calmly 3 The young

10、boy becomes _A more and more surprised adj B more and more surprisedly adv C more and more surprise n,good,calm,A,2 只有形容词名词介词短语才能去做系动词后面的表语，要根据含义上确定动词是不是系动词。,She often laughs. 2. She is laughing now. 3. She will laugh soon. 4. She is singing happily. She is singing a song. She is a singer.She is hap

11、py.,(S + V+O),(S + V),(S + V),(S + V),(S + V),区分进行时态和SVP中lv是Be动词的情况,注意: 1 现在进行时的谓语与主系表结构有区别: 关键要看be动词后接的是实义动词ing形式还是表语(形名介).,(S + V+P),Happily adv修饰动词sing vi,A song 是名词做宾语 sing vt,a singer 名词表语 happy 形容词表语,一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,谓语(V)具有各种不同时态,竞赛加分开始,Judge the following sentences ( T or F ):,1. Millie is

12、sleeping. S V 2. Ann is kind. S V 3. The idea sounds great. S V P 4. Amy is reading English. S V DO,T,F,T,Ann is kind. S V P,T,Zhalong looks beautiful. We can see many birds. Some people are watching birds. They are birdwatchers. Birdwatching is interesting.,S,V,S,DO,P,S,V,V,P,DO,S,V,S,V,P,分析句型结构,1.

13、 Birds fly.,2. He looks young.,3. He saw a bird in the tree.,4. It tastes nice.,V,P,DO,P,eg: A swan is swimming.,判断划线部分属于什么成分,V,O IO DO OC,Object 宾语 Indirect object 间接宾语 Direct object 直接宾语 Object complement 宾语补足语,S + V + DO + OC 主谓宾补结构和 S + V + IO + DO 主谓双宾结构,We call the man David.,a zookeeper,OC(宾补

14、),Object Complement,OC,I make him angry.,He tells us to protect the birds,David,S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,We call,the man,David,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,S + V + DO + OC 主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,the man,is,David,此处为 名词宾补,可接 名词宾补的动词有call/make/name/find,I make,him

15、,angry,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,此处为 形容词宾补,可接 形容词宾补的动词有keep/make/find,We ofen find,him,in the zoo,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,此处为 介短宾补,可接 介短宾补的动词有keep/leave/find,He tells,us,to protect the

16、 birds,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意 必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况 就是我们常见的 动词+ sb + to do 词组,主 +谓 + 宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,此处为 动词不定式做宾补,He tells us to protect the birds.,常见的可接不定式宾补的动词有： tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite V + O + OC (V sb to do sth),My deskmate often makes me laugh.,常见的可接动词原形宾补的动词有： have,let,make, 使让词 see,hea

17、r,find,feel,watch 感觉类动词 V + O + OC (V sb do sth),He keeps me worrying.,常见的可接doing宾补的动词有： Keep 和 see,hear,feel,watch,find感觉类动词 V + O + OC (V sb doing sth),I often hear David _ when I stay at home, but yesterday I was very angry because I heard him _ in his room at midnight. A sing; sang B singing;sin

18、ging C sing; singing D sing; sing 2 You can keep _ every day to keep _. A exercise healthy B exercising healthy C exercising healthily D exercise healthy,C,感官类动词用动词原形和动词ing形式做宾补 含义不同,B,S + V + O + OC （如果是形名介做宾补） 判断标准是 能否在O 和 OC 之间加 Be 动词 构成主系表结构 宾补和表语一样都是 形名介 S + V + O + OC （如果是动词结构做宾补） 判断标准是能否找出 动词

19、(V) + sb(O) + to do sth 结构 动词(V) + sb(O) + do sth 结构 动词(V) + sb(O) + doing sth 结构,1 I find you clever. 2 We will make our country stronger and stronger. 3 They can keep the zoo clean. 4 Parents wish their children to study hard. 5 We often make the teachers help us.,DO,DO,DO,DO,DO,OC (adj),OC 形容词 比较

20、级,OC adj,OC to do 不定式,OC 动词原形,常考的主谓宾补句型：,it was interesing to learn English.,一个非常特殊的句型 I found it interesing to learn English.,这个句子在含义上等于: I found it was interesing to learn English.,形式主语 简称形主,真正主语 简称真主,考点一：时态一致性,I found _ important to get ready for the coming examination. A its B its C it was D tha

21、t,C,I found that it was important to get = I found (that) it was important to get 以上两句是 主谓宾从 SVO中 O宾语从句 = I found it important to get 上句是 主谓宾补 答案可以是 it it was its = it is 不对,考点一：时态一致性,He was very interesting.,We found him very interesting.,这个句子在含义上等于: We found he was very interesting.,考点二：主格宾格,We th

22、ought _ clever. A she B she is C her D her was,C,We thought (that) she was clever. 上句是 主谓宾从 she 用主格 We thought her clever. 上句是 主谓宾补 her 用宾格 答案可以是 she was 而非 her was 也可是 her 而非 she,考点一：时态一致性,we shouldnt give any food.,the birds,S,V,DO（直接宾语) Direct object,IO(间接宾语),Indirect Object,He tells me some rule

23、s.,S + V + IO + DO 主 +谓 + 间宾+直宾句型 简称 主谓双宾结构,Zhalong gives,I pass,He bought,birds,an ideal home,him,a book,his son,a present.,to,to,for,IO? 有生命的名词(人或动物）sb DO? 没有生命的名词（事物）sth 双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是 可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for,S + V + IO + DO 主语+谓语+双宾（直接宾语+间接宾语）,1 give me money 2 pass me a ball 3 show me your wat

24、ch 4 sell me the book 5 send him a letter 6 teach her English 7 tell me a story 8 lend me your eraser,1 buy me a present 2 make me damplings 3 cook her meals,1 give money to me 2 pass a ball to me 3 show your watch to me 4 sell the book to me 5 send a letter to him 6 teach English to her 7 tell a st

25、ory to me 8 lend your eraser to me,to 型双宾语结构,for 型双宾语结构,1 buy a present for me 2 make damplings for me 3 cook meals for her,几个特殊句型 Read a book for me 为我读一本书 Read a book to me 读一本书给我听 Bring a map for me 为我去带一幅地图 Bring a map to me 带来一幅地图给我,S+V+IO+DO or S+V+DO+OC?,They passed us some apples. The shopke

26、eper sold me a ruler. We name the panda Xiwang. The teacher often makes us laugh.,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+DO+OC,S+V+DO+OC,passed,sold,name,makes,主谓双宾语结构判断标准是 可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for,主谓宾补结构判断标准是能否在O和OC 之间加 Be 动词构成主系表结构 或则找出Verb + sb to do 等动词宾补结构,Linking verb,逻辑上的主系表关系,for to,1. S + V. 2. S + V + P. 3.

27、 S + V + O. 4. S + V + IO + DO. 5. S + V + O + OC.,主+谓,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+双宾,特别注意的要点： 1谓语动词V成分，是包含时态和情态动词的 2 及物动词和不及物动词的标志是后面可否接宾语 3 S+V+P结构中的V是l-v 系动词有保持型，变化型和感觉型三种 4 S+V+P结构中的表语有名词，形容词，介词短语 5 双宾语结构中有两个宾语，标准是可否转换为to型和for型句型结构 6 主谓宾补结构判断标准是在O和OC中间可否加be动词 转换为主系表结构 OC 和 P相似 有形名介三种,1 People call

28、Zhalong Birds Home. 2 The government built the nature reserve. 3 The sparrow is flying. 4 The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home. 5 The crane looks beautiful. 6 The students are counting the birds. 7 Sandy thought herself a good birdwatcher. 8 I found the article on wildlife interesting.,S+V+DO+OC

29、 S+V+DO S+V S+V+IO+DO S+V+P S+V+DO S+V+DO+OC S+V+DO+OC,P81 A,竞赛加分开始,3 Many boys are running.,1 I feel excited.,4 He gave Tom a present.,5 I find it interesting.,6 Music sounds beautiful.,7 I am a student.,8 She bought a pen for me.,9 I saw her dance.,2 They are watching TV.,1 S + V + P,2 S + V + DO,

30、3 S + V,4 S + V + IO + DO,5 S + V + P,6 S + V + P,7 S + V + P,8 S + V + IO + DO,9 S + V + DO + OC,10. I call him LiMing.,10 S + V + DO + OC,He gave me a book.,He calls me Tom.,5. We call the panda XiWang.,3.I found it important.,1.Lily brings me a present.,2. People call Zhalong Birds Home.,4.Zhalon

31、g brings the wildlife an ideal home.,6.She thought the swan beautiful.,Play a game,eg:,5. Mary gave Sandy a book. S V P 6. They call me Tom. S V IO DO,F,F, Mary gave Sandy a book. S V IO DO, They call me Tom. S V DO oc,It was a fine day. Our class went to Zhalong together. Zhalong was a nature reser

32、ve. We saw many birds fly in the sky. They looked beautiful. But the keeper told us some rules. He asked us to protect the wildlife and we shouldnt give any food to birds. I found the trip interesting.,After birdwatching,A diary,A diary,It was a fine day. Our class went to Zhalong together. Zhalong

33、was a nature reserve. We saw many birds fly in the sky. They looked beautiful. But the keeper told us some rules. He asked us to protect the wildlife and we shouldnt give any food to birds. I found the trip interesting.,After birdwatching,Thank you!,1 Tom的父亲正在愤怒地朝他喊叫。 是什么使得他如此生气呢？ 2 Tom 过去认为我当时不高兴。

34、3 我发现他们是真正的爱鸟者。 我经常看见他们喂他们的鸟。 4 他是一个歌手而且他正在唱一首歌。 5 我经常听见David在家里唱歌，但是昨天我听见他在半夜唱歌。 6 你可以持续锻炼来保持健康。,1 Toms father is shouting at him angrily. What makes him so angry？,3 I find them real bird lovers. I find (that) they are real We often see them feed their pet birds.,2 Tom thought (that) I was unhappy

35、then. Tom thought me unhappy then.,4 He is a singer and he is singing a song now.,5 I often hear David sing at home, but yesterday I heard him singing midnight.,6 You can keep exercising to keep healthy,The birdwatcher thought himself very lucky. The nature reserve gives the birds a perfect place to

36、 live. The people were hapy. Birds fly. The boy saved a rare bird.,S +V+DO+OC,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,S+V,S+V+DO 课本P81,6. She spoke very softly. 7. He bought a T-shirt. 8. Jay named his dog Bobby. 9. She looks lovely. 10. He gave Mary a present.,(S + V + IO + DO.),(S + V.),(S + V + DO.),(S + V + DO + OC.),(S + V + P.),I. Give the right sentence structures.,II. Finish the exercise of Part A on Page81.,She laughed. 2. He bought a T-shirt. 3. We must keep the classroom lean. 4. She looks lovely. 5. He gave Mary a present.,(S + V.),(S + V + DO.),(S + V + DO + OC.),(S + V + P