日本文化Presentation.ppt

1、Explore Japan,Map of Japan,Clothes,The traditional dress of Japan is the kimono（和服）. Kimonos, which are generally made of silk, have large sleeves and reach from the shoulders all the way down to the heels. They are tied with a wide belt . Kimonos are now usually worn only on special occasions, such

2、 as the Shichi-Go-San festival（七五三节）, weddings, and graduation ceremonies.,Compared to Western dress, the kimono tends to limit ones movement, and it takes more time to put on properly. In the summer, however, a more easily worn, lightweight informal kimono known as a yukata（浴衣） is worn by children

3、and young adults at festivals, fireworks displays, and other special occasions. In everyday life, though, young people tend to prefer clothing that is easier to move around in, like T-shirts, jeans, polo shirts, and sweat suits.,Japan has absorbed many ideas from other countries over the course of i

4、ts history, including technology, customs, and forms of cultural expression, and has developed its unique culture while integrating these imports. The Japanese lifestyle today is a rich blend of Asian-influenced traditional culture and Western-influenced modern culture.,Food,The Japanese Dining Tabl

5、e The word for meal in Japanese is gohan. This word actually refers to steamed rice, but rice is such an important food to the Japanese that gohan has come to mean all sorts of meals .,The most traditional Japanese meal is a serving of plain, white rice, along with a main dish (fish or meat), some k

6、ind of side dish (often cooked vegetables), soup and pickled vegetables.,Eating a Meal Before eating, Japanese people say itadakimasu, a polite phrase meaning I receive this food. This expresses thanks to whoever worked to prepare the food in the meal. After eating, people once again express their t

7、hanks for the meal by saying gochiso sama deshita, which literally means it was quite a feast.,Sushi(寿司） Since Japan is surrounded by ocean, seafood has always been widely consumed as well as rice. Originally, raw fish was fermented in salt to preserve it and eaten with seasoned rice. In Japanese cu

8、isine, sushi indicates dishes that use sushi rice, which is seasoned with a sweet vinegar mixture. Although you can make sushi without using any fish/raw fish, many kinds of fish are used in sushi dishes.,Ramen（拉面） This low-cost Chinese-noodle dish is extremely popular throughout Japan and can be fo

9、und in a number of regional varieties. Dehydrated and packaged instant ramen, which requires only the addition of boiling water, has become a low-cost favorite worldwide.,Yakiniku（烤肉） When eating yakiniku, which literally translates as “grilled meat,” people cook bite-sized pieces of beef, pork, and

10、 other meat at the table and then dip the cooked pieces in their preferred sauce.,Bento shop（便当商店） Chains of shops like this one sell a variety of Japanese box lunches known as bento. Although the English name is “box lunch”, bento are often eaten for dinner as well. Many shops are take-out only, bu

11、t some have tables available.,Takoyaki（章鱼烧） A popular Japanese dumpling made of batter, diced octopus, pickled ginger and green onion, topped with okonomiyaki sauce, and fish shavings, originating from Osaka. Making takoyaki requires a takoyaki pan, a special frying pan made of cast iron with hemisp

12、herical molds.,Housing,Traditional Japanese homes are made of wood and supported by wooden pillars, but todays homes usually have Western-style rooms with wooden flooring and are often constructed with steel pillars. More and more families in urban areas, moreover, live in large, ferroconcrete（钢筋混凝土

13、的）apartment buildings.,Lifestyles in Japan changed dramatically after World War II, when large numbers of people moved from the countryside to the cities to make their livings as office workers. As cities grew in both size and population, more and more people commuted from their apartments or houses

14、 in the suburbs to their workplaces in central areas. While a traditional Japanese household consists of three or more generations of the same family living under one roof, urban households today tend to consist of parents and children, with grandparents living elsewhere.,Two big differences with We

15、stern homes are that shoes are not worn inside the house and that at least one room tends to be designed in the Japanese style with a tatami（榻榻米） floor. Shoes are taken off when entering a house to keep the floor clean. The entrance, serves as a place for removing, storing, and putting on shoes. Peo

16、ple tend to put on slippers for indoor use as soon as they have taken off their shoes.,Tatami are mats made of a thick base of straw and have been used in Japanese homes since about 600 years ago. A single tatami usually measures 2 by 1 meters, and room sizes are often measured in terms of the numbe

17、r of tatami mats. A tatami floor is cool in the summer and warm in the winter, and remains fresher than carpet during Japans humid months.,Transportation,Japans transport system is highly developed, with road and rail networks covering virtually every part of the country together with extensive air

18、and sea services.,Shinkansen（新干线）, or bullet trains, are express trains that travel at top speeds of 250 to 300 kilometers per hour. The Shinkansen network is a convenient way to travel around Japan. The Shinkansen is considered one of the fastest and safest railroad systems in the world.,Besides th

19、e Shinkansen, Japan has a passenger railway network. Many of Japans major cities also have subway lines. The subway system in the capital Tokyo, which has over a dozen lines covering hundreds of kilometers of track, is considered to be one of the best in the world and continues to grow. Commuter rai

20、l services like these are used by millions of people every day to get to and from work or school. Japanese trains of all kinds are famed for being clean and punctual.,Annual Events,Hanami (赏花),Sakura （樱花） is the national flower of Japan.At the end of March and the beginning of April, when in most of

21、 Japan the Sakurablossoms which symbolize the country begin to bloom, the Japanese people like to make merry at picnics known as hanami (“flower- viewing”), held under blossoming Sakura trees. The custom of arranging picnics to eat and drink under the spring blossoms has been widespread among the co

22、mmon people since the Edo（江户） period.,Childrens Day,Childrens Day, which falls on May 5th during Golden Week, was traditionally called Boys Day in English, and was a day set aside to wish for the healthy growth and future career success of young boys. Traditional decorations were carp-shaped cloth s

23、treamers（鲤鱼旗） attached to poles and dolls in the guise of warriors (武士人偶), while special food delicacies were rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves (粽子) and rice cakes wrapped in oak leaves (槲树糕).,Fireworks Displays（焰火表演）,Throughout Japan, night skies in summer are lit by colorful fireworks as var

24、ious localities put on fireworks displays. Japans fireworks technology is said to be the worlds best and has been handed down from generation to generation since the Edo period. Todays fireworks displays are often controlled by computers to enhance their precision and spectacular visual effects. In Tokyo, fireworks displays along the Sumida River have been famous annual events since the Edo period.,Shichigosan（七五三节）,November 15 is a day for visiting Shinto shrines with boys aged three and five and girls