写作教程2的unit1.ppt

1、Targeting,General (I) - Paragraph,Warm-up Activities,Advantages 1. convenient 2. in an emergency 3. save time 4. information age 5. grasp any chance to succeed 6. play games surf the net ,Disadvantages 1. expensive 2. harmful radiation 3. disturbing in public 4. dangerous in driving 5. ring in embar

2、rassing moment 6. calls from strangers calls from advertising ,having a mobile phone,Part II - Paragraph,How are my paragraphs going look to my readers ? How long should my paragraph be ?,outside,What is a paragraph supposed to do ? What should I keep in mind when I am writing one ?,inside,To create

3、 a piece of writing, we have to start with paragraph.,Paragraph Components, Topic Sentence Supporting Sentences Concluding Sentence （ See the sample below）,II.1 Topic Sentence,Definition - A sentence that names the topic of the paragraph and contains a controlling idea is called T.S.,Topic,Controlli

4、ng idea,1. Selecting a general topic 2. Reading and thinking 3. Narrowing down the scope of your topic to a facets which can be developed into a research paper 4. Formulating the final topic,Choosing a topic,Is my topic :,1. too limited? 2. too broad? 3. too technical? 4. yesterdays news? 5. too con

5、troversial? 6. likable enough?,Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?,Try to tell what are those following sentences belongs to, subject or topic?,1. Alternative fuels. 2. Henry Fords development of the assembly line resulted in the mass production of cars. 3. A

6、mericas legal system. 4. America needs a flat tax. 5. Butterflies. 6. Is intelligence determined by nature or by nurture?,subject,subject,subject,topic,topic,topic,Unsatisfactory Topics,1. The major poets, painters, and dramatists of the Renaissance: - too board and can not be completed within the t

7、ime allocated,Unsatisfactory Topics,2. America should lower the drinking age. - boring or written about too often. 3. There are many different theories to explain the disappearance of the dinosaurs. -too broad and can not be completed within the time allocated. 4. America needs stronger control laws

8、. - boring or written about too often.,Unsatisfactory Topics,5. Nanoscale “trees” （纳米树）improve efficiency in low-cost plastic solar cells. - unfamiliar to you, so you can not write about it knowledgeably.,Good Topics,1. Media producers should prosecute people who download copyrighted music 2. Studen

9、ts should be placed in classes according to their academic ability, not their age 3. Why my father/ mother is my hero 4. How to solve a quadratic equation,Interesting, 2 sides (pro Repeating words or word groups; Using pronouns to refer to nouns in preceding sentences; Being consistent in the person

10、 and number of nouns and pronouns, and the tense of verbs; Using transitional expressions.,Addition:also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, similarly Consequence:accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, hence, ot

11、herwise, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, thereupon, wherefore Generalizing:as a rule, as usual, for the most part,generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually Exemplifying:chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, markedly, namely, particularly, including, specifically, such as

12、 Illustration:for example, for instance, for one thing, as an illustration, illustrated with, as an example, in this case,Emphasisabove all, chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly Similarity:comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similar, moreo

13、ver, together with Exception:aside from, barring, besides, except, excepting, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of, save Restatement:in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, in short, in brief, to put it differently Contrast and Comparison:contrast, by the same token,

14、conversely, instead, likewise,on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather,similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast,Sequence:at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time,for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, late

15、r on,meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier,simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion, with this in mind, Summarizing:after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary,

16、in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally Diversion:by the way, incidentally Direction:here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above,to the left, to the right, in the distance,First(ly) Second(ly) Third(ly) Forth(ly) Last(ly),From the begi

17、nning / to begin with Whats more / in addition / additionally Next / then / on the subject of In the interest of In conclusion / in the end / finally,Once, people were very much afraid of ghosts. Their fear led them to develop elaborate rituals to ward off encounters with the dead. For example, sinc

18、e primitive people believed that ghosts could capture their spirit at funerals, they carried wooden images of themselves in the hope that the ghosts would be fooled into carrying off the image. Images have been popular with people from primitive times until today. In the old times, people believed t

19、hat taking a picture of someone would rob the person of his or her soul. It is possible, too, that the tradition of sitting up with the dead comes from a belief that ghosts escape in the night. Certainly the ritual of laying tombstone is derived from a superstition about the dead. People once believ

20、e that stones piled on top of a grave would keep the dead persons ghost from escaping and haunting the living. Eventually the number of stones diminished until only one stone, the tombstone, was left as a reminder of the ancient superstition.,The nobles of Persia, in the bosom of luxury and despotis

21、m, preserved a strong sense of personal gallantry and national honor. From the age of seven years they were taught to speak the truth, to shoot with the bow, and to ride; and it was universally agreed that in the last two of these arts they had achieved a more than common proficiency. The most disti

22、nguished youths were educated under the monarchs eye, practiced their exercises in the gate of his palace, and were severely trained in the habits of temperance and obedience in their long and laborious parties of hunting.,Review the Unit,T.S Supporting Sentences Concluding Sentences,3 main parts,Repeti