课件4 B7 U1 Grammar-动词不定式 (P7-9 in Vic En).ppt

1、B7 U1 Living Well,Grammar-The Infinitive 动词不定式 (P7-9 in Vic.En.),Lead in,Look at the sentences and mark their usages according to the heading below. 1 As the subject (S) 2 As the predicative (P) 3 As the object (O) 4 As the object complement (Oc) 5 As the attributive (A) 6 As the adverbial (Ad),动词不定

2、式: 一、不定式的句法功能 二、不定式的否定式 三、不定式的省略形式 四、不定式的复合结构 五、不定式的时态和语态 六、不定式的一些补充,Grammar,动词不定式由“_”构成， 可以在句中作_ _等, 但不能作_。,一，不定式的句法功能,to + 动词原形,主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、宾语补足语,谓语,不定式作主语 To finish this report took him a week. 注意：主谓一致 To master a foreign language _ not easy. To know what is good and to do what is right _ two

3、 different things. 注意：形式主语 It is + adj. / n. + to do. It is not easy to master a foreign language.,is,are,注意：作介词 but / except 的宾语 She could do nothing but _ to her teacher that she was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. to admit D. admitting can do nothing but / except do “只好” = have no choice but to do

4、 = cannot choose /help but do,A,注意：help 后的宾语带不带 to 均可 She cant help _ the house because she is busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned cant help (to) do cant help doing,A,不能帮助做某事,情不自禁 / 忍不住做,注意：v. 短语 + sb. + to do call on / wait for / depend on / rely on / care for /

5、long for / would like 老师号召我们向雷锋学习。 The teacher _ Lei Feng. 我可以依靠他来处理这个问题吗？ Can I _ the problem?,called on us to learn from,depend on him to deal with,不定式作定语 注意：不定式作定语多表示将来 This is the bridge _ (build) last year. This is the bridge _ next year. 注意：first / last / next / only / 序数词 / 最高级 + to do 他总是第一个

6、到学校的人。 He is always _school.,built,to be built,the first one to get to,注意：不定式的主动表被动 (作定语的不定式与被它所修饰的名词有着 主谓关系或者与主语间存在动宾关系) Have you got anything _ (say) for yourself? ( you 和 say 之间有主谓关系 ) Have you got anything _ (type), manager? ( type 的动作不是 you / manager 发出 This question is hard (for you)_.,to say,

7、to be typed,( you 和 answer 之间有主谓关系 不定式与主语间存在动宾关系),to answer,See Vic. En P24,注意： 不定式若为 vi. 其后则须有相应的 prep. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose f

8、rom C. to choose D. for choosing,B,B,不定式作状语 用法：作目的状语 to do / in order to do / so as to do (不能放句首) Our teacher always does what she can _ (help) us with our study. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept,to help,A,用法 ：作原因状语 be + adj. + to do 很

9、高兴听到这个消息。 I am very glad to hear the news. 用法 ：作独立成份 To tell you the truth, To be honest, To begin with, To make things worse, ,由“ not / never + to do ”构成 He got up early so that he could catch the first train. = _ _ _ _ _ the train. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive

10、 B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive,二，不定式的否定式,A,so as,not to miss,1、为了避免重复，省略to后的动词 2、省略不定式符号to,三、不定式的省略形式,1.to (do)：,(1) expect / wish / hope / mean / intend / like / love / try / want / plan / be supposed / promise 后 (2) be about to / be able to / be going to / have to / ought to /

11、used to 后 (3) 形容词 glad / happy / pleased / kind /lucky / eager / anxious / afraid / willing 后,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? - Not at

12、all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to,A,D,- Are you a doctor? - No, but I _ (过去曾经是). (= I used to be a doctor.) - He hasnt finished his work yet? - Well, he _ (本应该完成的). (= He ought to have finished his work.), 注意： 如果 to 后面为 be / have / have been, 则不能省略。,used to be,o

13、ught to have,2.(to) do：,(1) 在使役动词或感官动词后省略 to: make / have / let see / look at / watch / notice / observe / hear / listen to / feel / smell They knew her very well. They had seen her _ from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow He doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. lear

14、n B. to learn C. learned D. learning 被动语态中 to 要还原,A,B,(2) 两个或两个以上的并列不定式，可省略 第二个的to: Her job is to look after the children and (to) wash clothes. 但是若表对比关系时，两个to都不能省略: Its better to laugh than to cry. To try and fail is better than not to try at all.,(3) 有动词do，则可以省略to: What I want to do is (to) have a

15、 good rest. The only thing you can do now is (to) wait here. I could do nothing but _ (wait) for her. = I had no choice but _ for her. (4) want / like / wish 用在 when, if, as 等从句中, 省略其后的不定式 to: Come and stay as long as you like / wish.,wait,to wait,(5) 在一些类似于情态动词的短语后 + V.原: had better / had best / wo

16、uld rather do -than do / ( prefer to do) rather than / might as well They would rather _ (go) by air than _ (spend) a week travelling by train. You had better _ (not smoke) here. Now that youve got a chance, you _(不妨一试).,go,spend,not smoke,might as well have a try,(6) 有些动词后常跟 to be + 形容词 / 名词 , 可省略

17、to be: consider / think / believe / suppose / find / prove / declare 我们认为他是我们的朋友。 We consider him (to be) our friend. 这个理论证明是正确的。 This theory proved (to be) right.,1、for sb. + to do 2、of sb. + to do,四、不定式的复合结构,对于我们来说学习英语很必要。 It is necessary _ us to learn English.,for,你把真相说出来了, 真诚实。 It is honest _ yo

18、u to tell me the truth.,of,To learn English is necessary for us.,You are honest to tell me the truth.,(事物的特征),(人的品质), for : 说明不定式短语的特征 (adj. 常表示客观形式，如: important, possible, necessary, strange, easy, difficult ) of : 说明逻辑主语的品质 (adj. 常表示主观感情或态度，如: kind, nice, clever, wise, bright, foolish, silly, stup

19、id, brave, right ),五、不定式的时态与语态,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,(1) 一般式： 表示动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. (= I hope that Ill see you again.),(同时),(之后),(2) 完成时： 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 Im sorry to have given you so much troub

20、le. He seems to have caught a cold. (3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行, 与谓语动词表示的动作 同时发生。 He seems to be eating something., meant / hoped / expected / planned / wanted / intended / would like / be supposed / was + to have done (= had to do) 表示过去未完成或没有实现的愿望 I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. = (

21、= I had meant to tell you about it, ) I was to have gone to the party, but I had a visitor yesterday.,1. allow / permit / forbid / advise + doing / sb. to do 2. like / love / hate / continue / begin / start + doing / to do 3. stop / go on / mean / try / be afraid / forget / remember / regret + doing / to do 4. I am to blame. / The house is to let. 5. 不定式的逻辑主语即是句子的主语,六、不定式的一些补充,此房出租,In order to make our city green, we must plant more trees. In order to improve English, _. A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tape