综合英语Unit 14.ppt

1、Unit 14,The Jeaning of America,Background information,key structures and key phrases,LANGUAGE POTINTS,TANSLATION,Today, there are tough double-kneed jeans for kids, acid-washed jeans for teens, designer jeans for the fashion set, and boot-cut jeans for outdoor workers. But all began in 1850 when Lev

2、is Strauss, a German immigrant who had gone West to seek his fortune, sewed up some sturdy canvas pants for a miner. Carin Quinn, who received her masters degree from California State University in Los Angeles, first published The Jeaning of Americaand the World in American Heritage. The story of Le

3、vis Strausss career, and the parallel career of his proletarian pants, is part true grit, part luck, and part legend. The bottom line, Quinn reports, is 83 million pairs of Levis riveted blue jeans sold every year.,This is the story of a sturdy American symbol which has now spread throughout most of

4、 the world. The symbol is not the dollar. It is not even Coca-Cola. It is a simple pair of pants called blue jeans, and what the pants symbolize is what Alexis de Tocqueville called a manly and legitimate passion for equality. Blue jeans are favored equally by bureaucrats and cowboys, bankers and de

5、adbeats, fashion designers and beer drinkers. They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes: they are merely American. Yet they are sought after almost everywhere in the worldincluding Russia, where authorities recently broke up a teenaged gang that was selling them on the black market for two

6、hundred dollars a pair. They have been around for a long time. And it seems likely that they will outlive even the necktie.,This ubiquitous American symbol was the invention of a Bavarian-born Jew. His name was Levis Strauss. He was born in Bad Ocheim, Germany, in 1829, and during the European polit

7、ical turmoil of 1848 decided to take his chances in New York, to which his two brothers already had emigrated. Upon arrival, Levis soon found that his two brothers had exaggerated their tales of an easy life in the land of the main chance. They were landowners, they had told him; instead, he found t

8、hem pushing needles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors, and buttons to housewives. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living. When a married sister in San Francisco offered to pay his way West in 1850, he jumped at t

9、he opportunity, taking with him bolts of canvas he hoped to sell for tenting.,It was the wrong kind of canvas for that purpose, but while talking with a miner down from the mother lode, he learned that pantssturdy pants that would stand up to the rigors of the diggingwere almost impossible to find.

10、Opportunity beckoned. On the spot, Strauss measured the mans girth and inseam with a piece of string and, for six dollars in gold dust, had the canvas tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged pants. The miner was delighted with the result. Word got around about those pants of Leviss, and Strauss was

11、 in business. The company has been in business ever since.,When Strauss ran out of canvas, he wrote his two brothers to send more. He received instead a tough, brown cotton cloth made in Nimes, Francecalled serge de Nimes and swiftly shortened to denim (the word jeans derives from Genes, the French

12、word for Genoa, where a similar cloth was produced). Almost from the first, Strauss had his cloth dyed the distinctive indigo that gave blue jeans their name. But it was not until the 1870s that he added the copper rivets which have long since become a company trademark.,The rivets were the idea of

13、a Virginia City, Nevada, tailor, Jacob W. Davis, who added them to pacify a mean-tempered miner called Alkali Ike. Alkali, the story goes, complained that the pockets of his jeans always tore when he stuffed them with ore samples and demanded that Davis do something about it. As a kind of joke, Davi

14、s took the pants to a blacksmith and had the pockets riveted; once again, the idea worked so well that word got around. In 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmickand hired Davis as a regional manager.,英译中,By this time, Strauss had taken both his brothers and two brothers-in-law into the c

15、ompany and was ready for his third San Francisco store. Over the ensuing years the company prospered locally, and by the time of his death in 1902, Strauss had become a man of prominence in California. For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small. With sales largely con

16、fined to the working people of the Westcowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, and the like. Leviss jeans were first introduced to the East, apparently, during the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, when vacationing Easterners returned and spread word about the wonderful pants with rivets. Another boost

17、 came in World War , when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work. From a company with fifteen salespeople, two plants,句子解释,and almost no business east of the Mississippi in 1946, the organization grew in thirty years to include a sales fo

18、rce of more than twenty-two thousand, with fifty plants and offices in thirty-five countries. Each year, more than 250,000,000 items of Leviss clothing are soldincluding more than 83,000,000 pairs of riveted blue jeans. They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability

19、, the common pants of America. They can be purchased pre-washed, pre-faded, and preshrunk for the suitably proletarian look. They adapt themselves to any sort of idiosyncratic use; women slit them at the inseams and convert them into long skirts, men chop them off above the knees and turn them into

20、something to be worn while challenging the surf. Decorations and ornamentations abound.,The pants have become a tradition, and along the way have acquired a history of their ownso much so that the company has opened a museum in San Francisco. There was, for example, the turn-of-the-century trainman

21、who replaced a faulty coupling with a pair of jeans; the Wyoming man who used his jeans as a towrope to haul his car out of a ditch; the Californian who found several pairs in an abandoned mine, wore them, then discovered they were sixty-three years old and still as good as new and turned them over

22、to the Smithsonian as a tribute to their roughness. And then there is the particularly terrifying story of the careless construction worker who dangled fifty-two stories above the street until rescued, his sole support the Levis belt loop through which his rope was hooked.,句子解释,Key Structures,1. Nom

23、inative absolute structure, e.g.: With sales largely confined to the working people; , his sole support the Levis belt loop through which his rope was hooked. 2.Have sb. do sth. respond quickly:迅速取得优势；马上回应： jump at a bargain 欣然接受一项协定 jump at to a conclusion 匆匆作出结论, 轻率断定( to make a hasty decision) ju

24、mp at the chance 急切地抓住机会 jump at (an offer or opportunity): accept it eagerly as soon as it has been offered 急忙抓住；欣然接受 I suggested it to him, and he jumped at the idea. We decided to turn it to the Argus company，which jumped at the chance.,Beckon vt.,The pedlar beckoned me to follow him. 小贩示意要我跟他走。

25、An entirely new era, the era of knowledge economy, is beckoning us on. 一个崭新的知识经济时代正在召唤我们继续前进。,Pacify vt.,to pacify anger 平息愤怒 to pacify the riot 平定暴动 to pacify a baby 抚慰婴儿,Appropriate vt.,Five thousand dollars has been appropriated for the new school buildings. 已拨款五千元为建设新校舍之用。 He appropriated public

26、 funds for his own private use. 他挪用公款。 appropriate (sth. does not belong to you, you take it for yourself without having the right to do so; purloin, steal: You shouldnt other peoples belongings without their permission. 不经他人允许，不该将他人之物具为己有。,Confine vt.n.,The wild animals are confined in small cages

27、in the zoo. 野生动物关在动物园的小笼子里。 Please confine your remarks to the issues at hand. 请你把话题局限在手头的问题上。 The sick child was confined to bed. 这个生病的小孩不能离床。 The tour/tourist group is confined to the planned activities. 旅游团只能进行计划内的活动。,beyond the confines of human knowledge 超出人类知识的范围 a theory that has transcended

28、the confines of science 超越科学范畴的理论 within the confines of one county 在一国的国境内,in a confined space有限的空间,A confined livestock area, .,Boost vt.,to boost prices 提高价格 We need to boost our spirits. 我们要鼓舞士气。 an advertising program to boost local products abroad 为向国外推销地方产品而大肆宣传的一套广告,Tribute n.,pay a high tri

29、bute to sb.s ability tribute to a persons memory ones tribute of praise floral tribute lay a tribute on .(=lay under tribute) pay (a) (high) tribute to pay the last tribute to pay warm tribute to,高度称赞某人的能力 追悼辞 颂词 (献给演员等的)献花; (丧礼的)供花 进贡 赞颂; 向.致敬 向.最后告别; 追悼 热烈赞扬,Background information,Bavaria Area: 70

30、,553 km (27,241 square miles) almost Inhabitants: 12.5 million Location: in the southeast of Germany and is the geographically largest state (Bundesland) of Germany. Capital: Munich. About 6.4 million of its population are Bavarian, 4.1 million Franconian and 1.8 million Swabian.,Jeans are preferred

31、 for:,strong, well-made, and not easily broken sturdy durable wearproof longwearing serviceable can stand up to friction,Wearing jeans is ,stylish fashionable manly sexy liked favored sought-after,Levis Strauss,30 年代Levis Strauss 广告,Designer jeans,high-fashion marketed as status symbols. The Nakash

32、brothers (Joe, Ralph, and Avi) starting the trend in 1978. cut for women and men and worn more fitted than low quality jeans. typically feature prominently visible designer names or logos on the back pockets and on the right front coin-pocket.,Double-kneed jeans,Double Knee patches add extra durabil

33、ity,Acid-washed jeans,Boot-cut jeans,Levis 517 Boot Cut Jeans,1.tough: STRONG MATERIAL not easily broken or made weaker tough, durable plastic a very tough, hard-wearing cloth,sturdy: strong, well-made, and not easily broken sturdy comfortable shoes (rugged ),someone who is sturdy is strong, short,

34、and healthy looking see also stocky a sturdy young man sturdy legs,Structure,1. have +obj.+v-ed 2. have+obj.v-ing 3. have+obj.+infinitive without to,Have sb. do/doing,两种格式的基本意义是相同的，只是有细微才差别。当宾语补足语与使用现在分词时，它表示它所指的动作具有进行体含义： 1.She had us working day after day. 2.I wont have you speaking so rudely to m

35、e. 3.I cant have you doing that. 当宾语补足语使用动词不定式时，则它所表示的动作可以指现在，也可以指将来或者可能发生的动作。 4.They had me repeat the message. 5.I wont have you say such things.,这里还应该指出: have sb. doing sth. 既可以用来表示have的主语有意让别人去做谋事（1-2例），也可以用来表示have的主语无意引起某人可能去做某事或者表示“遭遇”（3-5例） 1. Bronwen tried to have her talking. But no use. 2.

36、 I had them all laughing throughout the meal. 3. He had defeat coming to him. 4. I woke up in the night and found we had water dripping through the ceiling.,TEXT STUDY,1. the fashion set: the fashionable class set: a group of people who meet together socially or have the same social interests and th

37、e same life style; sometimes used to show disapproval: e.g.: His swimming pool is full of the yachting set.,The Jeaning of America: The popularity of jeans in America,3. bottom line: (1) used to tell someone what the most important part of a situation is, or what the most important thing to consider

38、 is The bottom line is that recycling isnt profitable. In radio you have to keep the listener listening. Thats the bottom line.,4. “a manly and legitimate passion for equality” 果敢正当地追求平等/对平等果敢、正当的渴求 manly: having qualities that people expect and admire in a man, such as being brave and strong 刚强的；果断

39、的；勇敢的 synonym masculine a manly voice amanly face 刚毅的脸 manliness n.= masculinity,legitimate,5.They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes: they are merely American.: They indicate no difference/do not show any difference in the wearers professions and their social status: they are just an Ame

40、rican symbol. 它们不分阶级贫富；它们只不过是美国人的象征。,draw a distinction (between)= make a distinction (between)对.加以区别 It is important to draw a distinction between the policies of the leaders and the views of their supporters.,6. They have been around for a long time.: They have been in existence for a long time. b

41、e around 1) be present or available; 2) be active and prominent in a particular field or profession she has been around as a film director since the 1960s.,7.take his chances in New York: try his luck in New York take ones chances: make the most of all the opportunities that come along,8. in the lan

42、d of the main chance: (here) in America the main chance: most advantageous opportunity 好机会,9. For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living.: For two years he worked as a humble peddler of low social status, dragging heavy bags of

43、 small articles door to door to make barely enough money to live on.,Canvas n.,Canvas Bolt,11. stand up to the rigors of the digging: last well in the harsh circumstances of the digging the rigors of something: the problems and difficulties=hardships The stresses and rigors of the modern life learn

44、the importance of neatness, order, discipline, rigor, practice, and routine in learning.,Stand up to,Stand up to,(sth.) stand up( to a lot of use, pressure, etc.): (it) remains unharmed or in good condition after being severely tested in this way: Your argument just wont stand up to careful scrutiny

45、. 你的论点根本经不起仔细审查。 Stand up to the test of time,12. six dollars in gold dust: Gold dust worth of six dollars,13.Strauss was in business.: Strauss began to run his own company.,Indigo,Indigo Blue,靛蓝,Copper rivets 铜铆,14.As a kind of joke, Davis took the pants to a blacksmith and had the pockets riveted;

46、 once again, the idea worked so well that word got around; in 1873 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick and hired Davis as a regional manager.： 戴维斯拿着裤子去找了个铁匠，让他给裤子口袋上上铆钉，只当是开个玩笑；这一招果然很奏效，消息又一次传开了；1873年施特劳斯把这项小革新据为己有并取得了专利权 然后便雇佣戴维斯做了一名地区经理。,patent v. n.,Apply for a Request a take out a pate

47、nt for on an invention 取得一项发明的专利 Issue/grant a 颁发专利证书 Sell a 转让专利,patent right 专利权 patent-protected product/patent product 专利产品 Infringe a 侵犯专利,15. For three decades thereafter the business remained profitable though small, with sales largely confined to the working people of the West - cowboys, lum

48、berjacks, railroad workers, and the like.: For 30 years afterwards, the Levis blue jeans sold very well although the business was on a small scale since they were mainly sold to such working people of the West as cowboys, lumberjacks, railroad workers, etc. 在以后的30年间，生意一直很赚钱但规模却不大，因为销售主要限于西部的劳动人民，即 牛

49、仔、伐木工、铁路工人等等。,16“dude-ranch craze”:农场度假热 The phrase refers to the enormous interest of Easterners in having their vacations on ranches(大牧场) in the West.,17.They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability, the common pants of America. They have become the common pants of America through marketing, word of mouth and d