主谓一致(精品).ppt

1、,Hello！Everyone! Welcome to our class,主谓一致,皋兰县黑石中学 王淑萍,主谓一致,有关“主谓一致”的试题，在近几年的中考英语试题中以多种形式出现。如：单项选择、单句改错、短文改错、同义句转换、时态填空等，题型多样。不少学生对此类试题迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知从何下手。为了使同学们掌握它，现对初中英语中“主谓一致“的问题归纳总结如下：,eg : I am a student He is twelve. The children are singing.,一、主谓一致的定义 所谓主谓一致即谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致。,二、主谓一致的三个原则.,1.语

2、法一致：语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。,2.意义一致：从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。,3.就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。,一、 语法一致,1.以单数名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。,2.主语为第三人称单数，或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如money,information,clothing等，谓语动词用单数,eg: My brother is very tall.,eg:Time is

3、more important than money.,3.主语为单个的不定式，动名词、或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,4.the number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,eg: Runging is good for us.,eg: The number of students in our class is fifty-four.,注：“a number of +复数名词“作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,eg: A number of students in our class are boys.,(2)如果由and连接的两个词指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念时，谓语

4、动词要用单数形式。,5.并列结构做主语 （1）两个或两个以上的单数名词或代词由and 或 bothand连接时，如果指的是两个人或事物，谓语代词用复数形式。,eg:He and I are good friends.,eg:A teacher and a writer are going to speak at the meeting.,eg:The teacher and writer is going to speak at the meeting.,(3)由and连接的两个单数名词做主语，前面由every, each或no,many a/an, more than a/an修饰时，意义上

5、仍为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。,eg: Every boy and every girl is taught to read and write.,eg: Many a student has been to Shanghai.,6.当主语后面跟有with, together with（和一起）, along with（和一起）,as well as 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式要和等之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,eg: A teacher with fifteen students is working in the fields. eg: Tom together with

6、his friends goes swimming every day in summer. eg: He as well as you is good at painting.,8.在定语从句中，关系代词who, which, that 作主语时，其谓语动词的数应也先行词保持一致。,7.主语为由 some, every, any, no 构成的复合代词，或由either, neither, each 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,eg: Everything goes well.,eg :Those who want to go should meet here.,eg :Tom likes

7、music that has great lyrics.,eg:Ten years is a long time. Five minutes is enough. Twenty dollars has been paid. Two killgrams of vegetables is enough.,二、意义一致,1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词做主语时，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。,2.family, class, team等集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；指其各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：,eg:My family is a big one. Hi

8、s family are all working in Beijing. The class has fifty students. The class are listening to their teacher.,注：people, police等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg：There are three people in my family. The police are standing there. all指人时用复数谓语动词，指事物时用单数。 eg：All are here.大家都到了。 All goes well.一切都很好。,3.特殊名词做主语,国名、人名、书名、

9、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词做主语时，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要要复数。,4.名词化的形容词做主语,主语由“the +形容词”结构担任，表示某类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。,eg: The Times(泰晤士报)is an old newspaper. The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1943.,eg: The rich are not always happy. The old are taken good care of in the village.,5.以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths, physics, politics等）和以-s结尾

10、的抽象名词（如news, plastics, works等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。,eg : Physics is very difficult for me to learn. The news was very interesting.,6.数学运算中的谓语动词用单数。,7.some/the rest of/all/most of the+名词做主语时，既可 以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。,eg: The rest of the students are going to the park. The rest of money isnt en

11、ough.,eg :Seven and eight is fifteen. Two times three is six.,1. There be 句型中的be动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。,三、就近一致,eg : There are ten desks and a chair in the classroom.,2由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数按最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定。,eg:You or I am to go to the bus stop. Either you or he kno

12、ws something about it.,1. A woman with a baby_ coming here.A. is B. are 2. The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.A. has B. have 3. Whenever anything_, please stay here quietly.A. happens B. happen 4. Many a man_ the story.A. believe B. believes“many a单数可数名词”形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(意为“许多”)，若用作主

13、语，其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。 5. A year and a half_ already passed.A. has B. have,A,A,A,A,B,practise,6. Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.A. is B. are 7. His family_ watching TV.A. is B. are 8. Bread and butter_ their daily food.A. isB. are 9. Not only a pen but also two books _lost.A. wasB.

14、were 10. The boy and the girl each_ their own toys.A. has B. have each作the boy and girl的同位语，中心词是the boy and girl,因而是复数 11. Maths_ not easy to learn.A. is B. are,B,B,B,A,A,B,12. To master the spirit of a foreign language_ not easy.A. is B. are 13. A number of the students_ going to visit the History Museum.A. is