高中英语选修八Unit 02 B（ppt课件）

1、Discovering useful words and expressions.,Ex. 1,differ cast,accumulate exact,altogether objections,undertake moral,Ex. 2,Compared with her family, and especially her nephew, her niece Daisy is straightforward about her opinions. The arbitrary decisions of the factory leaders caused anger among the w

2、orkers. Is the opera house in the commercial area of Beijing? The producer of the media programme made an objection to Jennifer joining in the chorus. Before you can make a loaf, you need to obtain some flour. You owe the Lady an apology. I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you

3、have done.,Ex. 3,attain complicated,fate carrier,cast reform,accumulate,1,学习交流课件,Discovering useful structures.,Ex. 1,The whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.,Ex. 2,Dolly the sh

4、eep became a scientific breakthrough when the news that she had been born was announced in 1997.However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision that Dolly should be put to sleep. Dollys death, like her birth

5、, was bound to raise worries. The fact that Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people the world over. Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many important scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments. But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young becaus

6、e she was a clone?” Besides that, there is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption(设想) that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet.,2,学习交流课件,1977年多莉羊诞生的

7、消息宣布后便成为一项科学突破。但是，后来多莉羊染上严重肺病的问题又让科学家们忧虑。2003年2月14日科学家们作出让多莉羊长眠的决定。多莉之死正如它的出世一样，肯定会带来焦虑。多莉早亡的事实令世人失望。科学家们认为克隆可能会带来很多重大的科学突破和医学疗法，但他们现在不得不思考这样一个问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”除此而外，关于是否应该允许进行人类克隆实验的问题也引起了激烈的争论。科学家们相信人类克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。,Ex. 3 various answers,1. I had no idea _ 2. We heard the news _

8、 3. John told the truth _ 4. Betty won a prize _ 5. Charles agreed to the regulation _ 6. Yesterday I was glad to get a message_ 7. The fact _ inspired all of us. 8. I got the impression _,whether she had gone to Beijing.,that there came a terrible earthquake in Japan.,that Tom had cheated in the ex

9、am.,that he had made a new invention.,that nobody is allowed to be late.,that my son would be back.,that our football team won the game,that most of us did well in the exam.,3,学习交流课件,Unit 2 Grammar,Revise the Appositive,4,学习交流课件,1. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 2. I myself will do the experim

10、ent. 3. She is the oldest among them six. 4. He told me the news that the plane had exploded.,名词,代词,数词,下面句子中红色部分在句中作什么成分？,从句,同位语 The Appositive,5,学习交流课件,同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,同位语 The Appositive,6,学习交流课件,同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词 (2) 代词 (3) 数词 (4) 从句 (5) 由such as, tha

11、t is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科, 例如数学和物理, 是很难学的。 (6) 由 of 引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。,7,学习交流课件,(7) 由 or 引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes

12、 under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点, 是水在常压下结冰时的温度。,8,学习交流课件,The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back.,What kind of clauses are they?,They are Appositive Clauses.,9,学习交流课件,(1) 同位语从句的定

13、义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。,同位语从句 The Appositive Clause,10,学习交流课件,它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether 等。,11,学习交流课件,The story goes t

14、hat William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.,同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：,12,学习交流课件,(2) 同位语从句的表现形式: 由that引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.,13,学习交流课件,The news that he has been ele

15、cted president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.,14,学习交流课件, 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not bee

16、n discussed. 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go.,15,学习交流课件,(3) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。,16,学习交流课件,We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. Those who want to go please sign your names here., 同位语从句所说明的

17、名词与从句没有 逻辑关系, 定语从句所限定的名词是从 句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语等。,(同位语从句),(定语从句),17,学习交流课件,The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语),The order when we should go back hasnt reached us. (同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系) The day when New

18、China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded的逻辑状语),18,学习交流课件, 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导, 有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?,19,学习交流课件, 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代

19、词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting., 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. The news was that their team had won.,此句可以变为一个表语从句:,20,学习交流课件,我们可以在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成 一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺， 则是

20、同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表 结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat.,同位语从句的简易判断方法：,21,学习交流课件,用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 1. I cant decide _ book I should buy. 2. China is no longer _ it used to be. 3. I am very interested in _ he improved his

21、 English in such a short time. 4. _ we need is more money. 5. The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.,which,what,how,What,that,22,学习交流课件,The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why; that D. that; because 2. They received orders _ the

22、 work be done right away. A. which B. that C. / D. when,Exercise,23,学习交流课件,3. You can take the seat_ is free. A. when B. that C. where D. in which 4. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D .where,24,学习交流课件,5. Hes got hims

23、elf into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. what D. why 6. Thats the only thing _ he can do now A. which B. all C. that D. what,25,学习交流课件,1. These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them. (2000 春季北京卷) A. whatever B. that C.

24、which D. whichever,解析：答案A。do后接宾语从句，宾语 从句 I can 后省略了do，缺少宾语。 whatever在宾语从句中作宾语。,高考解析,26,学习交流课件,2. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ( 2001 上海卷) A. while B. that C. when D. as,解析：答案B that引导从句作 information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。,27,学习交流

25、课件,3. Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever. ( 2002 上海卷) A. that B. which C. of which D. what,解析：答案A 同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容。That连接同位语从句时只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。,28,学习交流课件,4. There is a new problem involved in the popularity

26、 of private cars _ road conditions need _ . (2003 上海卷 )A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; to be improved D. when; improving,解析：答案为A that引导同位语从句 说明“新问题”的内容。Need后既可接 动名词主动式，也可接动词不定式被 动式作宾语。,29,学习交流课件,5. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christ

27、mas. (2004 春季上海卷 )A. which B. thatC. what D. whether,解析：答案B 这是一个同位语从句，解 释promise的具体内容，要用that引导。,30,学习交流课件,练习,Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet. The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and t

28、eachers a lot.,把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。,31,学习交流课件,2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China.,3. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.,We ha

29、ve no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,32,学习交流课件,4. Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet. /Many Chinese parents hold the view.,Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time on the Internet.,33,学习交流课件,5. Students should be

30、given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,34,学习交流课件,1. The news that_ _ (我们队赢了) is true. 2. I had no idea that _(你在 这里). 3. The belief that _ (条条大路通罗马) is shared by many people.,our team ha

31、s won the,match,you were here,all roads lead to Rome,Translation,35,学习交流课件,1. We dont think you two have met before.,翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。,我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句),2. It is certain that John will do well in his exam.,约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句),36,学习交流课件,3. Whether they are coming or not doesnt matter too much.,4. T

32、he fact that they won the prize made us happy.,他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句),他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句),37,学习交流课件,5. Now is when we need him most.,现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句),6. I have no idea how she got through the forest.,我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句),38,学习交流课件,Using Language,THE RETURN OF THE DINOSAURS ?,39,学习交流课件,resist mer

33、ely decoration unable zebra,vt. 抵抗；对抗 adv. 仅；只；不过 n. 装饰 adj. 不能的；不会的 n. 斑马,40,学习交流课件,argument aloud reasonable obtain,n. 论据；论点；争论 adv. 大声地；出声地 adj. 合情理的；讲道理 的；公道的 vt. 获得；得到,41,学习交流课件,from time to time bring back to life pay off,不时；偶尔 使复生 取得好结果；取得 成功； 赔清,42,学习交流课件,Please enjoy some pictures about din

34、osaurs.,霸王龙,43,学习交流课件,剑龙stegosaurs,44,学习交流课件,角龙 ceratopsids,45,学习交流课件,雷龙 brontosaurus,46,学习交流课件,翼龙pterodactyl,47,学习交流课件,Reading comprehension 1. The writer of the text_ A. is excited by the possibility of cloning fierce and extinct animals B. believes extinct animals can be brought back to life by c

35、loning C. thinks it impossible or unsuitable to clone extinct animals like dinosaurs D. dreams of dinosaurs returning to the earth 2. The film Jurassic Park is popular because_. A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaurs C. it was directed by a scientist who c

36、lones dinosaurs D. it proves very interesting 3.Which of the following is true?_ A. Mice were cloned in 1981. B. Dolly the sheep was the first cloned animal. C. The name of the cloned cow is “Bison” D. China was successful in cloning mammals.,48,学习交流课件,4. The reasons why a group of cloned animals al

37、l die of the same illness do NOT include_. A. they have the same arrangement of genes B. there isnt enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses C. the illness is a new one D. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease 5. We can infer from the text that_ A. scientists a

38、re experimenting to clone dinosaurs B. dinosaurs will never return to the earth C. cloned animals will only live in the zoo D. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10 000 year,49,学习交流课件,Useful expressions,fierce and extinct wild animals the popularity of films a mixture of fear and excitement strik

39、e into strike into sb.s heart experiment with give birth to from time to time bring back to life with what we know in vain arrange in different ways pass on to drawback to continue the species,凶猛和灭绝的野生动物 受欢迎的影片 既兴奋又恐惧 突然开始/转入; 扎(进) 使某人感到 进行实验; 用做实验 生; 引起, 产生 不时, 偶尔, 间或 使恢复/复活/苏醒 据我们所知 白费地, 徒劳无益地 以不同

40、的方式排列 将传给 的缺点 继续传种接代,50,学习交流课件,Listen to the passage and answer the questions.,1.Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal unless there is enough diversity in the group? There will not be enough diversity in the group to be able to resist new illnesses. 2. Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal i

41、f it would have to live in a zoo? Because it is not a suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers. The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal 3. Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years? The DNA of animals more than 10,000 years old i

42、s not suitable for cloning, for it cant survive so long.,51,学习交流课件,1. The popularity of films struckinto peoples hearts popularity n. 普及，流行；知名度；受大众欢迎 His popularity extends all over in the whole world. gain in popularity=become more popular As you know, English has gained in popularity in China. str

43、ike into 扎进；突然跑入；突然开始 I saw him strike into a bookshop along the road. In just a few days its root will strike deep into earth. strike into ones heart 使某人感到; 使突然进入 What the teacher said struck fear into my heart. He struck a damp into me. (给泼冷水, 扫的兴, 使沮丧) 2. we are a long way from being able to clon

44、e . sb. is a long way from doing sth. 某人做还有很长的路要走 We are a long way from studying English well. = To study English well, we still have a long way to go.,Language points,52,学习交流课件,3. can be brought back to life bring back to life使复活; 使苏醒 Anyway he was dead, we could not bring him back to life. Dr. Li tried his best to bring the unconscious child back to life. bring to life 使生动 ; 使活泼;使得生命 A good teacher always has a way t