宾语从句课件与讲解

1、,Object Clauses,宾语从句,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单句,复合句,一、什么是宾语从句？,试比较,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序(人称) 时 态,Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)? Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. Please tell me where she has gone. I don

2、t know if he will come tonight. Lets find out whats on tonight .,Find out the Object Clauses,We are proud of that Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world .,引导词（连接词）,2.由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。,e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语

3、） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作主语）,注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。,e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.,1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的引导词,(一),3.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right . They

4、didnt know whether Tom could come back or not .,if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。 if/whether可互换, 但whetheror not为固定搭配.,看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back, please tell me. 想一想：when和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点

5、？,when和if 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care of _ he is handsome. He wondered _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,与or not 连用只能用whether,介词后只能用whether,与to do 不定式连用只能用whether,作主语只能用whether,注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情

6、况,注意：只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况,1. 当or not 紧随连词之后时。如： I dont know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来。 2. 从句用作介词宾语时。如： I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。 3. 在带to的动词不定式前。如： She doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。 4. 当宾语从句移至

7、句首表强调时。如： Whether this is true or not, Im not sure. 这是否真实，我不敢肯定。,Practice time,选择 if / whether。 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,

8、注意：只能用if 不能用 whether的情况,1.引导条件状语从句 If he runs fast, hell get there on time. Ill go to see you if I have time. 2.引导否定的宾语从句 Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.,时态,条件状语从句：,主将从现,宾语从句：,根据需要用相应时态,(二)、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will g

9、o to the library .,2. What did he want to buy ? I dont know what he wanted to buy .,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） 即：助动词不能放在主语前面。,改一改,将下列问句变成陈述句。 1. Can he swim ? swim . 2. Does he have a pen ? a pen . 3. Which place did he go to ? Which place . 4. Whats wrong with you ? . 5. What happened to you ? . 6. Which

10、is the way to the station? . 想一想 为什么4，5，6 语序不变？,He can,He has,he went to,What happened to you,Whats wrong with you,说一说 将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。,Which is the way to the station,Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? Who is over there？,注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,eg: I dont know whats

11、the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做宾语,(三).宾语从句中时态的变化,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。 （需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1) He will go to Hong Kong

12、 . 2) He is sick. 3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick. 3) He a book . 4) He,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,一般现在时,时态保持不变,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,1

13、. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise),will be,goes,have returned,had been,rises,Pract

14、ice time,3.如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 （特殊性原则）,He told me (that),Summer is after Spring .,I was told (that),the sun is much bigger than the moon.,My parents told me (that),no news is good news.,比一比,宾语从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等，其后用that引导的宾语从

15、句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结 构。如： He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. 2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词。如： I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. I heard her sing some songs in the next room.

16、 3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如： I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.,比一比 I dont know where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么发现？ 结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 + to do 的简单句。 条件：(1). 主主从主 (2). 主(间)宾从主 练一练1.I

17、dont know what I shall do next .(变为简单句） I dont know next .2.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） John didnt decide .3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） Can you tell me the bus stop ?4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .(变为复合句） Can you tellLucy the MP5.,宾语从句与简单句的转换,W

18、hat to do,which book to buy,how I can get to,how she can use,宾语从句的否定转移 当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe,imagine等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。其反意疑问句看从句。如： He wont come tomorrow. I believe. I dont believe that he will come tomorrow.,I dont think this dress fits you well, does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你

19、穿,是吗？ I dont think you are right，are you? 我认为你是错的,是吗？ I dont believe you will finish the work today,will you? 我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？,Find out the mistakes and correct them. 1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student. 3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 Do yo

20、u know who car it is?,was,is,whose,六.课堂检测,Could you tell me ? A. where the twins wereB. where the twins are C where are the twins D. where were the twins A: Do you know ?B: Yes , he came here by train . A. when he came hereB. if he will come here C. why he came here D. how he came here 3.She says sh

21、e English for ten years .A. learned B. has learned C. was learning D. have learned 4. The teacher told us that the earth round .A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 5. Tell me . A. what wrong is with him B. whats wrong to him C. what the matter is with him D. whats the matter with him 6. My friend as

22、ked me .A. who is the girl B. who the girl wasC. who was the girl D. who the girl,. Choose the right answers.,B,D,B,B,D,B,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句 ）,ifwhether（一般疑问句 ）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理 自然现象 公式定理 名言警句 时态不变,七.本课小结,( )1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. if B. tha

23、t C. weather D. whether ( )2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which ( )3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time tomorrow . A. that B. if C. when D. what time ( )4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that

24、,D,A,B,C,Practice,( )5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station ( )6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like ( )7. My sister told him _ . A. wh

25、at day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,( )8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ( )9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C

26、. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China ( )10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the

27、 meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if t

28、hey liked to make friends with them.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,Jim asked if he was doing his homework.,7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me? 9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me? 10. “Whe

29、re is Tom?” They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,宾语从句 专项练习,一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2. Lig

30、ht travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ _ faster than sound. 3. Will there be a meeting in five days? Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.,that,were,that,travels,if,would be,4Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know

31、_ _ _ _ French. 5Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games. 6Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _ _ _ _ _ homework yet. 7How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?,how m

32、any people you can see,If/whether they can speak,If/whether are playing,if/whether he had,finished his,8Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car? 9What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _ _ often _ about. 10Who knocked at the door so loudly? I d

33、ont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I dont know. I dont know _ he still _ in that street.,if/whether lived,where she parked,what he talked,who knocked,12. Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _. 13. When does the train arrive? Please

34、tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.,if/whether was,what his names,when the train arrives,if/whether wanted,二、选择填空。 1.

35、 What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry 3. Let me tell you _. A. h

36、ow much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car,4. Peter knew_. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 5. Could you tell me

37、_? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in 6. I cant understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left 7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen,8.I dont k

38、now _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got 9. The manager came up to see _ A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter 10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it hap

39、pened D. how did it happen 11. No one tells us_, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it,12. Could you please teach me _ the computer. A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking 13.They dont know _their parents are. A. that B.

40、what C. why D. which 14. Where do you think _ he _ the TV set? Sorry, Ive no idea. A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _ it would be like in _ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another,16. Could you tell

41、 me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone 17. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rain

42、s D. will you have/ rains 18. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives,19.Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 20. He asked me _. A. who will ki

43、ck the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held 21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if,22. You must remember

44、_. A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said 23. I dont know _ . A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in 24.Do you know when he _ back ? Sorry , I dont . When he _ba

45、ck , Ill tell you. A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come,25 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 26 Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had

46、never been 27 The students want to know whether they_ a PE class today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are 28. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that 29.I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where 30. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B. wh