unit 12 text why people work.ppt

1、Unit 12 text,Why People Work,Tarnish,1. 玷污，败坏，损害(名誉或形象)If you say that somethingtarnishessomeones reputation or image, you mean that it causes people to have a worse opinion of them than they would otherwise have had. The affair couldtarnishthe reputation of the prime minister. 这一事件可能有损首相的名誉。 2. (使)

2、有污迹;(使)失去光泽;(使)变暗淡If a metaltarnishesor if somethingtarnishesit, it becomes stained and loses its brightness. It never rusts ortarnishes. 它从不生锈，也不会失去光泽。,Therapeutic,1. 使人放松的;能解郁安神的If something istherapeutic, it helps you to relax or to feel better about things, especially about a situation that made

3、 you unhappy. Astanga Yoga is atherapeuticphysical exercise that focuses on breathing and relaxation. 八步功法瑜伽注重呼吸和放松，是一种舒缓身心的锻炼方法。 2. 治疗性的;有助于治疗的Therapeutictreatment is designed to treat an illness or to improve a persons health, rather than to prevent an illness. .therapeuticdrugs. 治疗性药物,Languish,1.

4、 被迫）受苦，受折磨If someonelanguishessomewhere, they are forced to remain and suffer in an unpleasant situation. No one knows for certain how many refugees wander the world today, orlanguishin camps without a permanent place of settlement. 无人清楚如今有多少难民在到处流浪，或有多少人流离失所，在难民营里受苦。 2. 中落；衰败；衰落If somethinglanguish

5、es, it is not successful, often because of a lack of effort or because of a lot of difficulties. Without the founders drive and direction, the company graduallylanguished. 没有了创始人的斗志与指引，公司逐渐走向没落。,Exert,1. 施加（影响、压力等）;行使，运用（权威等）If someone or somethingexerts influence, authority, or pressure, they use i

6、t in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect. Heexerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues. 他极大地影响了科学界对这些问题的看法。 2. 尽力;努力If youexert yourself, you make a great physical or mental effort, or work hard to do somethin

7、g. Youngsters get so absorbed that they dont realise how much theyreexerting themselves. 年轻人如此地沉浸其中，他们没有意识到自己有多么努力。,Debilitate,1. 使虚弱;使衰弱If youare debilitated bysomething such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker. Stewart took over yesterday when Russell wasdebilitat

8、ed by a stomach virus. 昨天拉塞尔因肠胃病毒感染身体不适，由斯图尔特暂时接手。 2. 削弱（组织、社团或政府）的力量Todebilitatean organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker. .their efforts todebilitatethe political will of the Western alliance. 他们试图削弱西方联盟的政治决心的努力,Malaise,1. 不适;不安;不快Malaiseis a state in which people f

9、eel dissatisfied or unhappy but feel unable to change, usually because they do not know what is wrong. He complained of depression, headaches andmalaise. 他主诉自己情绪低落，头痛且身体不适。 2. (社会或群体的)痼疾Malaiseis a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a

10、 quick or easy solution. There is no easy short-term solution to Britains chronic economicmalaise. 短期内迅速治愈英国经济顽症的灵丹妙药并不存在。,Deteriorate,恶化;变坏;衰退If somethingdeteriorates, it becomes worse in some way. There are fears that the situation mightdeteriorateinto full-scale war. 人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。 The wea

11、ther conditions are deteriorating. 天气变得越来越糟。 Grants health steadilydeteriorated. 格兰特的健康状况持续恶化。 deterioration.concern about the rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries. 对两国关系迅速恶化的担忧,Crave,渴望;热望If youcravesomething, you want to have it very much. There may be certain times of day wh

12、en smokerscravetheir cigarette. 吸烟者可能会在一天中的某些时刻特别想吸烟。 You may be craving for some fresh air. 你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。 Many young childrencraveattention. 许多小孩子渴望得到关心。 Do not succumb to acravedesire for money. 不能屈从于金钱的诱惑。,Attributable,可归因于的，可归结于的If somethingis attributable toan event, situation, or person, it i

13、s likely that it was caused by that event, situation or person. 10,000 deaths a year from chronic lung disease areattributableto smoking. 吸烟导致每年有1万人死于慢性肺病。 The mess was directlyattributableto a corrupt and incompetent official. 某个腐败无能的官员是导致这一烂摊子的罪魁祸首。 His illness isattributableto overwork. 他的病可归因于劳累

14、过度。,Insurmountable,无法解决的;难以克服的;不可逾越的A problem that isinsurmountableis so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully. The crisis doesnt seem like aninsurmountableproblem. 这次危机似乎并不难以克服。 There is noinsurmountabledifficulty before a brave man; it is in difficult circumstances that a hero distinguis

15、hes himself. 好汉面前无困难，困难当中出英雄。 No difficulty isinsurmountableif one sets ones mind on it. 精诚所至，金石为开。,coax,1. 小心地摆弄(机器或装置)If youcoaxa machine or device into doing something, you make it work by operating it very slowly and gently. He would stride on stage then proceed tocoaxthe sweetest possible sound

16、s out of his violin. 他会大步走上舞台，然后轻轻地拉他的小提琴，奏出美妙动听的曲调。 2. (用好话)劝诱，哄If youcoaxsomeoneintodoing something, you gently try to persuade them to do it. After lunch, she watched, listened andcoaxed Bobby into talking about himself. 吃过午饭，她照看着博比，听他说话，哄他说说自己的事。,Gripe,抱怨；发牢骚If you say that someoneis griping, yo

17、u mean they are annoying you because they keep on complaining about something. Why are football players griping when the average salary is half a million dollars?. 足球运动员的平均薪水已达50万美金，他们为什么还要抱怨呢？ They were always griping about high prices. 他们总是抱怨物价太高。 He likes to have a goodgripefrom time to time. 他时常

18、爱发上一通牢骚。 For those who constantlygripeabout life, turn and walk away. 对经常抱怨生活的人，转身离开。,Welter,杂乱的一堆Awelter ofsomething is a large quantity of it which occurs suddenly or in a confusing way. .patients with awelterof confusing symptoms. 有一堆疑难症状的病人 .thewelterof publicity that followed his engagement. 他上

19、任后的一堆杂乱的宣传活动 In trade (both goods and services), awelterof impediments persist. 无论在商品贸易还是服务贸易方面，都有着大量杂乱无章的障碍。,Virtuosity,艺术家、运动员等的）精湛技艺，高超技巧Thevirtuosityof someone such as an artist or sports player is their great skill. At that time, hisvirtuosityon the trumpet had no parallel in jazz. 那时，他高超的小号吹奏技巧在爵士乐界无人能比。 The violinistsvirtuosityhas amazed audiences all over the world . 小提琴家的精湛技艺使全世界的观众惊诧不已。 As chemists began to pry out my secret they discovered myvirtuosity. 化学家开始探讨我的秘密，他们发现了我的精湛技巧。,Astute,精明的；敏锐的If you describe someone asastute, you think they show an understanding of beh