Economy in the United States of America美国经济.ppt

1、Economy in the United States of America,Lesson Four,I. Overview of U.S. Economy,When the United States Sneezes, the rest of the world catches a cold. - an economists proverb,Gross Domestic Product 2010,II. Industrial Revolution,The Industrial Revolution in England during the 18th century brought man

2、y changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Changes: 1. Factory system 2. Mass Production 3. New technologies 4. New forms of business organization,1. Introduction of Factory System,The success of his factory turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturi

3、ng center. In 1793, Samuel Slater(塞缪尔斯莱特) built the first factory in the U.S - a cotton cloth factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.,The first cotton mill in America,2. American System of Mass Production,Eli Whitney（埃尔惠特尼） invented the cotton gin(轧棉机), which made removing the seeds from the bolls（棉桃） o

4、f cotton much easier. He also began manufacturing rifles with machinery, using interchangeable（可互换的） part.,Eli Whitneys cotton gin,Henry Ford and His Assembly Line,3. New Technologies,Sewing Machine,Television,Telegraph,Telephone,4. New Forms of Business Organization,The bank and the corporation The

5、 first American commercial bank appeared in the 1780s.,Bank of New York (By Alexander Hamilton, 1784),Corporations (股份公司),Corporation is a form of business organization It could draw investors to raise the large amounts of capital It enjoys limited liability, so inventors only risk the amount of the

6、ir investment and not their entire assets.,III. Free Enterprise,Lack of government oversight (政府不干涉) “Capital”：When starting new businesses and launching new ventures money is needed, the money is called capital. “Stock”： When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money. They i

7、ssue stocks for people to buy. When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company.,If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it. if the company loses money, the stockholders will lose money. So, buying stock is a risk,New York Stock Exchange,IV. The Roots of Americas Affluence

8、,Bountiful resources-its rich in mineral resources, farm soil and moderate climate. Religious, social and political traditions e.g. 1.The Constitution of the US bars all kinds of internal tariffs 2. Government Laissez-faire policy 3. The courage, hard work determination for success, willing to chang

9、e,V. Agribusiness,The United States possesses some of the best cropland in the world. American farmers supply about half of the grain exports in the whole world. American staple agricultural products include corn, soybean, wheat, rice, tobacco, sorghum（高粱）, fruits and sugarcane(甘蔗).,VI. Service Indu

10、stry,In the United States, the service industry by far is the largest branch of the economy. The service sector provides the public with a wide range of services, such as financial service, travel and tourism, transportation, trade, entertainment, food services and government services.,1. Trade,The

11、United States is a big trading nation. The most popular shopping place for Americans is the shopping mall. The supermarkets are also very popular, especially for low-income families. (Wal- Mart.),2. Transportation,A vast network of railroads, highways and airlines provide convenient transportation o

12、f passengers as well as goods. The most important means of passenger transportation today is highway.,3. Financial Services,The US financial sector is run by various kinds of financial institutions such as financial banks, saving banks, credit unions and mutual funds. Most of the time, people use pe

13、rsonal checks or credit cards to make payment. As a result, most Americans are in debt.,4. Tourism,Tourism is another large service industry in the country. America has a large resource for tourism For some states, such as Hawaii, California and Florida, the tourism industry has become an economic pillar.,VII. Weaknesses in American Economy, Low rate of savings: the U.S. mor