名词与名词化结构

1、名词化（nominalization）,名词化主要指表示动作或状态的抽象名词，或起名词作用的非谓语动词 一般由动词派生，也包括由形容词加后缀-ability, -ity, -ness等构成的名词 可分为四大类：动作名词、名词性动名词、动名词和不定式,动作名词（action noun）,an examination of the object with an ordinary microscope the combination of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solution Recovery of distillates is also

2、performed in the vacuum unit.,动词性名词（verbal noun）,the examining of the object with an ordinary microscope the combining of hydrogen ions with chloride ions in the solution The recovering of distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit,动名词（gerund）,examining the object with an ordinary microscope h

3、ydrogen ions combining with chloride ions in the solution Recovering distillates is also performed in the vacuum unit.,不定式（infinitive）,to examine the object with ordinary microscope for hydrogen ions to combine with chloride ions in the solution The distillates need to be recovered now.,差异,如果有逻辑主语，

4、第一、二类名词的逻辑主语都跟在其后 the combination of hydrogen ions the combining of hydrogen ions 第三、四类名词的逻辑主语提高前面 分词用名词或代词的所有格作逻辑主语 hydrogen ions combining 不定式用for引出逻辑主语 for hydrogen ions to combine,差异,动词性,名词性,名词化结构的用法,1 直接作句子的主语、宾语和表语,名词化结构的用法,2 用介词连接作介词宾语 By opening the valves 11 and 12, residual gas from the ad

5、sorber 2 flows into the evacuated adsorber 1. While the valves 11 and 12 are opened,名词化结构的用法,2 用介词连接作介词宾语 The method of transfer metal to the work-piece depends on the magnitude of the current. the method by which metals transferred to the work-piece,名词化结构的用法,2 用介词连接作介词宾语 However, in the presence of

6、 air, surface oxides may form within the engine. if air is present,名词化结构的用法,3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡 中性动词make, take, give, get, do, have等 意义份量轻、接近中性动词的动词perform, achieve, obtain, carry out, establish, present等,名词化结构的用法,3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡 主动语态：中性动词名词化结构介词短语 Curved rails offer resistance to the moveme

7、nt of the train. Curved rails resist the movement of the train. offer 只取句法作用，语义由名词化结构表示,名词化结构的用法,3 用中性动词（empty word）过渡 被动语态：名词化结构（作主语）中性动词（被动语态）状语 Tapping or removing the molten iron from the furnace is done every 4 or 5 hours. The molten iron is tapped or removed from the furnace every 4 or 5 hours.,名词化结构的用法,Breaking up the larger molecules of the heavier liquids in the petroleum mixture into the smaller, lighter molecules of gasoline is carried out in huge refinery tanks by certain materials called catalysts. A detailed model of the