专四写作模板课件.ppt

1、主讲教师: 鲁晓霞,英语专业四级写作题型与模板,一、比较选择类(A or B),比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向 Television is a Better Source of Entertainment A balanced diet: A better way to stay healthy Is a big university superior to a small university? Home education outweighs oversea education for young children Will Phones kill letter writing? Wher

2、e to live: in the city or in the country? Where to eat: in a restaurant or at home? Whether to further study or to find a job soon after graduation? The advantages and disadvantages of taking a part-time job The positive and negative effects of TV advertisements,第一段:(用现象或事实陈述)引出要比较的两个事物,用一句话表达自己的观点.

3、/用现象陈述法、提问法引出比较的事物，主题句指出两个事物存在着明显的差异或不同点。 第二段:主题句承接首段观点,限定本段内容.然后比较两事物的优缺点.(Topic sentence+ First, second, third, the advantage of A, but the disadvantage of B. + supporting details)/直接评述A事物的主要特点+扩展句，B 事物的主要特点+扩展句。 第三段：结论，注意首尾观点一致。/得出倾向性的结论，表明作者的态度。,Which Mode of Travel Do you Like? With the general

4、 standard of living improving and the working week becoming shorter, more and more people are able to make a holiday trip to places of interest. While many like to join package tours for convenience, I prefer to travel on my own. The first part (from general to specific从面到点，从现象到具体讨论的事物，引出自己观点),I lik

5、e traveling on my own not only because it gives a great of independence and freedom. Traveling on my own, Im my own boss, and I can decide when to start on my way, where to linger a little longer and which spot can be skipped over to save energy and time for another spot. I can always adjust my plan

6、. On the contrary, in a package tour youre deprived of as much freedom as in a military base. At the sound of the whistle, you have to jump up from a sound sleep and hurry to the gathering place where you are collected. At the sight of the little flag waving, you must immediately take yourself away

7、from the scenes you are marveling at and follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule, regardless of the weather or your health condition. （阐述理由，对比优缺点）,True , you may encounter inconveniences if you travel individually, for instance, getting accommodati

8、ons for the night and finding a place for meals. But nothing can be compared with the freedom which is vital to a person who takes a holiday trip mainly to escape from constrains of his routine life. （首尾观点一致，得出结论，进一步阐明观点）,二、意义、重要性、危害性说明类作文,The importance of extracurricular activities The importance

9、of keeping a good mood Travel broadens our mind A major advantage or disadvantage of advertising on TV advertising More pressure from academic studies DOES (or DOES NOT do) good to us,提示：第一段：大背景(上义背景，自己的态度：重要？有利？有害？)用引言句（概括式，描写，数据，提问）引出要讨论的事物或现象，表明作者对这一事物的基本看法。某种程度上就是再现标题所给的“定论”。 第二段，之所以有利、有害、重要、有优势

10、原因有两个，firstly,(topic sentence)+supporting details;主题句承上启下,限定本段内容即重要性或危害性主要体现在哪些方面，接下来分述危害性或重要性，注意层次和句式。Secondly,(topic sentence)+supporting details 第三段：结论.如果阐述重要性，则宜用建议式或展望式。如阐述其危害性，则用警示式结尾。,On Today s Education One of the main problems with todays education is that too much emphasis is placed on th

11、e test score. It has become the most important criterion for college enrollment. A student, however , creative and intelligent, will not be admitted into a college if his total scores are just one point less than required. It is also one of the crucial factors either in job assignment or in employme

12、nt competitions.（由面及点入题）,The competition for high scores among students becomes intense. Students find themselves concentrating more on strategies to achieve high scores than on acquiring the knowledge. They will play truant of some subsidiary courses, skip over the substance which will not be teste

13、d on, even pump teachers for hints on upcoming exams. （第一个角度：学生）,Teachers are apt to give their students high scores. As their job is judged mainly by the students performance in terms of scores, some teachers tend to set easy papers to test their students or narrow down the scope of the exam. Some

14、teachers even leak “accidentally” the exam questions or lower their criterion of scoring. As a result, the test fail to achieve the desired results. （第二个角度：教师）,We must search for an immediate solution, because the competition for high scores becomes so intense that it actually defeats the academic g

15、oals of education. （警示式结尾）,三、观点论证类 （agree or disagree）,Is money all powerful? Is thrift necessary in modern society? Some people think that machine translation can replace our English study. Do you agree? Whats your opinion about reducing childrens excessive assignment?,提示：第一段：背景(随着有些人的观点及他们的理由), 我的

16、观点。 引言句（现象陈述法，数据法，提问法，对立法）开头，引出要评论的事物，说明别人的看法，引出自己的观点。 第二段，陈述理由并举例证明 .段首句承上启下，指出原因或理由，用拓展句分别加以说明或论述。 第三段,得出结论，提出建议.,第一段：引言句引出要评论的事物或问题，第二句提出自己的论点。 第二段：段首句承上启下，限定论据范围。 正面论据之一（具有概括性）：用扩展句加以延伸。 正面论据之二（或反面论据）：用扩展句加以延伸。 第三段：结论，进一步阐述观点。,批驳观点，阐述自己观点，采用正面立论法。,Can Success be Measured in Terms of Money? There

17、 is a deep-rooted concept in the minds of many people that money is the only yardstick of success. What they do not realize is that there are many types of success, and some are associated with wealth and some not. It is high time that such people opened their eyes and took a good look at the world

18、around them.,While it is true that a successful businessman or inventor will usually become rich, many other people who are outstanding in their fields do not reap monetary rewards. One example is the rocket scientist who makes great achievements in the field of astronautics while gaining glory for

19、his country, but draws a modest salary. Another example is Lei Feng, who has marked his name in history because his life was devoted helping others, although he owned almost no personal possessions.,Measuring success by money alone leads people to strive to make money by fair means or foul. If ones

20、only goal in life is to become rich, without serving others or making any worthwhile achievements, then one certainly cannot regard oneself as a success. Furthermore, those who spend their lives scrambling for money, even though they gain it, are the biggest losers of all.,My View on Money,In modern

21、 society it seems impossible to live without money. For instance, a country needs money to develop its economy and to raise peoples living standards. For a person suffering from poverty or a serious disease, he has to go hungry or to wait to die. Money is even regarded as a symbol of wealth and stat

22、us. As a proverb goes, “Money makes the mare go.”,Different people have different attitudes toward money. Some think of money as the most important thing in the world. They may try all means , such as gambling and cheating, to make more and more money. They believe that money can bring them everythi

23、ng such as fancy cars, luxurious houses , expensive furniture and beautiful lovers. Some people , however, think that there are things more important than money, such as good health, happiness and achievements. They devote themselves to their careers. They earn money by hard work.,It seems to me tha

24、t money is very important. With lots of money we can live comfortably. But I dont think it is all-powerful. There are still things like friendship and love more valuable than money. Therere also certain things that money cannot buy, such as health, youth and happiness. For a millionaire suffering fr

25、om serious cancer, money cannot serve its purpose. Money is only a medium of exchange, a symbol of our work or achievement. Therefore, we should earn money by honest means. Only when money is obtained by hard work can it make us really happy.,Money Is Not All-powerful,People have different attitudes

26、 toward money. Some believe that money is the source of happiness. With it, they can buy whatever they need, which makes their life comfortable and colorful. Others think that money is the root of all evil. With much money, one may become greedy, selfish and immoral. Often a too strong desire for an

27、d improper use of money may drive one mad and irrational, leading to disaster finally. My opinion is that money is very important, but it cannot bring everything.,There is no doubt that we can hardly manage to live without money. Money is very important. With it we can buy large houses, delicious an

28、d nutritious foods, fine clothing and fancy cars. And with all these, we can surely live happily and comfortably. But there are still things that money cannot buy, such as health and friendship. For an affluent person suffering from an incurable disease, money cannot make him healthy again, and thus

29、 he can never gain happiness. A millionaire without true friends would feel lonely and sad. Besides, money obtained by illegal means such as gambling or cheating may encourage one to go astray.,Therefore, we cannot expect money to bring us everything. Only when we earn our money by honest means and

30、spend it for the benefit of others as well, can we feel true happiness.,四、现象解释类（为什么会有这种现象,Teenage smoking soars Why college students have difficulty in finding jobs? The reason for the young childrens crimes 提示：第一段：背景介绍(有一种现象)+引言(the following two reasons can explain the problem) 第二段：firstly,(reason

31、 1) , secondly (reason 2) 第三段：总结,Why is Western Fast-food So Popular? With Chinas opening policy, more and more foreign products are introduced to China. Among them is the western fast food. We can find many fast food restaurants in big cities and some , such as McDonald and KFC. ,Why is western fas

32、t food so popular? I think there are two main reasons. One reason is their environment. Almost all that kind of restaurants are very clean, and the waiters service is fairly good. Another reason is that the flavor of western fast food is quite different from Chinese food, which attracts many people

33、,especially young children.,What can we learn from this successful case so as to help our own food industry? Firstly, we must change our restaurants environment and improve the service. Secondly, we should set up our own brand and make it popular among people. Meanwhile, we should create more new sp

34、ecial styles of food to satisfy different people. In this way, Chinas food industry will defeat the western one.,五、提出建议、解决问题类,One way to solve the problem (1998) The best way to stay healthy (2002) Present suggestion to arts festival (2005) One way to solve transportation problem 提示：第一段：背景介绍(问题很严重+解

35、决办法好几个+最好 的一个办法是) 第二段：我的办法好for two reasons. Firstly, secondly 第三段：总结,How to Keep Healthy Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. These people are interested in physical exercises. If you happen to be in one of the city parks early in the morning, you will see lots of people t

36、here. Some are practicing Taijiquan and sword play and others are either running , walking or exercising through dance. Research shows that getting plenty of exercises makes the heart and reducing the chance of heart attack, and helping to lower blood pressure. ,Medical researchers have proved that

37、what people eat affects their health. They advise people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less red meat like beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish. Fats can build up in the arteries, block the flow of blood, and cause a heart attack or stroke. ,Getting rid of bad ha

38、bits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, but it still fails to draw enough peoples attention. If people pay equal attention to the above mentioned three ways of keeping fit, they will greatly improve their health.,My Idea of a University Arts Festival The Arts

39、 Festival is supposed to provide the students a platform on which they can show their strong suits they are covered up when they are sitting in the classroom and play the role of students. The student body may organize the Arts Festival in the form of competition and the competition can be widely ra

40、nged according to the interests of students such as speeches, drawing, dancing, singing, instrument playing, chess playing and so on.,Why should the Arts Festival be better organized in the form of competition based on students interests? First, the students are ambitious group. Competition can spic

41、e the Festival and stimulate the desires of the students to show themselves without hesitation and reservation. Second, a platform provided for students interests may indirectly help their academic performance. Suppose a student who performs poorly in his academic life wins a competition of his stro

42、ng suit, he is likely to start to hold a positive attitude toward himself: I am not as inferior as I have believed. His confidence is strengthened in some degree and this plays an active role in his study. In this way, the Arts Festival helps the students in his studies indirectly.,The Arts Festival

43、 is not only an important forming part of the extracurricular activities of university students campus lives but also a necessary complement to the copied lives of study. Therefore, it is the purpose of Arts Festival that can colorize the college life and benefit the university students spiritually.

44、,六.观点阐述类 第一段：背景介绍引出要讨论的问题或现象（引言句Recently / It is new + 现象或问题）+不同人们的观点及其理由（可以用cases, facts, analogy, referring to an authority ） 第二段： 我的观点及其理由First, second, 第三段：结论。,My View On Campus Marriage V There is a newly dissension putting forward these days: Is it legally allowed for Chinese on-campus student

45、s to get married before they complete their courses? Some people prefer yes while some others prefer no. Certainly a large number of people just cannot decide which side they should be stand.,In fact, the governments allow on-campus students to get married before they complete their course. There is

46、nt a regulation proclaimed in writing to forbid marriage of on-campus students. But it must affect those tries.,In my opinion, it is unnecessary to forbid on-campus students to get married before they finished their college, however, it shouldnt be advocated or encouraged. Because, for on-campus stu

47、dents, they play the role as learners. Their main task is to learn. If they married, their school work must be affected and they may not graduate favorably or may not be capable for future works. So, I believe: almost all on-campus students would deal with the question reasoningly.,My View on Competition and Cooperation,Cooperation and competition are both important . They are attributes that are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.,If