阅读理解专项复习.ppt

1、中考英语“阅读理解”复习,各类题型在中考试卷中所占比例,30%,阅读理解,口语运用,25%,语言知识运用,25%,书面表达,12%,听力理解,8%,我们怎样做才能提高阅读成绩呢？,常见的阅读方法: 1. 粗读或略读 即粗略地通读全篇,并快速掌握文章的大意. 会把握各段落或文章的主题句. 2. 跳读 即带着问题阅读. 先看问题，然后直奔文中与问题相关的特定细节,而放弃大部分无关内容. 3. 细读 集中精力研读课文, 把握文章中心和主要内容,进而掌握文章细节信息(五个 W：who, what， when, where, why) 。,阅读理解中常考的三种题型:,（一）根据短文内容,从四个选项中选

2、择正确的一个答案。 （二）给出五个选项，选到短文适当的地方，还原短文。 （三）根据短文内容, 判断正误。,阅读理解中常考的三种题型:,（一）In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and women always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless （除非）the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or d

3、o some other things like the above on the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic. But if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them .Then if the host （男主人）or hostess or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner,

4、 the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there is no people sitting on it. 1In America men usually _ Awalk ahead of women Beat in a restaurant Cwalk behind women Ddrive a car to work2In the street men _ Across the street Bwalk on the right side of the ladies Cwalk on th

5、e closer side of the ladies to the traffic Dwalk near the ladies3If a man walks with two ladies, he should _ Awalk between them Brun before them Cfollow them Dgo away4. If Mrs. Green wants you to her house in a car, you should _ Asit beside a guest Bsit at the front seat Csit at the back seat Ddrive

6、 the car,1,5,8,C,C,Line 5-6,A,Line 7,B,Line 8-9,细节理解题,推理判断题,5.What does “hostess” mean in Chinese? _ A客人 B女主人 C贵宾 D公主 6.Whats the best title of the passage? _ A.gentlemen(绅士) of America B.hobbies of American C.dinners of America D.children of America 7.If Mrs Smith and her friend Mrs White are walki

7、ng on a busy American street, Mr Smith meets them. He decides to walk with them, then what will happen next? _ A.He will walk ahead of them. B. He will walk behind them. C.He will walk between them D.He will walk by himself.,B,In America, just as in Europe, men usually open doors for women, and wome

8、n always walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant, unless （除非）the men have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or do some other things like the above on the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the closer side of the ladies to the traffic Bu

9、t if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them .Then if the host （男主人）or hostess or both of them come in a car to get their guest for dinner, the guest should sit at the front seat and leave the back seat though there is no people sitting on it.,主旨大意题,A,词义猜测题,C,推理判断题,主旨大意型,词 义 猜 测 型,命

10、 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,细 节 理 解 型,细节理解,推理判断,猜测词义,主旨大意,10%,15-20%,10%,60-85%,阅读理解考题所占比例,1、什么是细节理解题？,考察该文章中有关事件发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件、方式等；,What When Who Where Why How,1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_

11、. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,细节理解题常有以下几种命题方式：,问题：What do plants make food from? They make food from _. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air B. water, sunlight and things in the soil C. water and things in the soil and air D. water, sunligh

12、t and things in the soil,评析：这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到。,例1：阅读材料 Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air. ,细节题,问题： Uruguay held the first World Cup in _.,A.1928 B. 1929 C. 1930 D.1931,C,细节题,干扰项,例2：阅读材料 On 26 May 1928,at a meeting in Amste

13、rdam, A year later in Barcelona, a city of Spain,all the teams agreed that Uruguay would hold the first World Cup the next year.,例3：阅读材料 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Z

14、ealand. 文章后面有这样一道题： What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?A. 自来水 B. 大气 C. 冰川 D. 蒸汽,答案 D,评析：从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。,词义猜测题,例4：阅读材料 If everyone sets their air conditioning 空调at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kilowatt-hours千瓦时 of electricity in one

15、 summer. Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season,”said a TV advertisement. Beijing will use_ million kilowatt-hours electricity in one summer. A. 1200 B. 800 C. 400,A,推理判断题,例5：阅读材料,In spare time,most Chinese students study or surf the Internet.Most American students spend a lot of

16、 time staying with their friends.Most Japanese students do physical exercises.Most Korean students watch TV. What does the writer mainly tell us? _. A.What do students do after school. B.What do Chinese students do after school C.What do American students do after school D. What do Korean students d

17、o after school,A,主旨大意题,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,解题 方法,细节理解,主

18、旨大意,推理判断,猜测词义,仔细审题，明确提问指向，进行扫读，,通过略读，寻找主题句。,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知推断未知，研究细节的暗示，,推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。,学会顺藤摸瓜，通过上下文提示,的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的,局部细读，从文章中直接找到答案或,提取相关信息。,善于运用猜词技巧，用我们所熟悉,词的词义。,解题思路与技巧,快速浏览全文,掌握大意. 仔细看题目,分析比较选项. 带着问题复读,捕捉关键信息,解答问题.（可在文中划线、做标记） 再读全文, 核对答案.,初读文章看题目查读文章找依据 初定答案三看文章找细节推敲答案 （四读文章）终定答案,Im the c

19、leverest,_ may teach children to play the guitar. A.Larry B.David C. Susan D. Mr White 2. You should call _ if you find the lost dog. A. 6087593 B. 7328059 C. 5132633 D.3.If you want to buy the flat,you can _ the owner. A.Make a phone call to B.take much money to C.send a letter to D. s

20、end an email to,4.Which of the following is true? A.The excellent musician has been a teacher for 10 years. B.The guitar lessons will only be given at a students house. C.The lost dog is medium-sized with short white hair. D.There is no hot water in the flat during the daytime. 5.Which of the follow

21、ing people may get the job as a taxi driver? A.50 years old B . 30 years old C .45 years old D .55 years old,B,推理判断题,B,Skill comes from practice.,Summary!,坚持以下原则： 定量-坚持定时做一定量的练习； 耐心-对于每篇文章都要耐心地看下去； 忽略-要学会忽略遇到的生词，不要逐字读文章，遇到不影响理解的生词跳过去； 学习方法-在老师讲解的过程中注意老师所讲的解题方法，学会如何有针对性地在文章中找答案，有意识地分析为什么有些题型总是会错，并试着找

22、些类似的题目多加练习,提高做题准确率。,Suggestion,有志者事竟成！,教师寄语,Where there is a will,there is a way!,Thank you!,感谢各位领导和同仁们莅临指导！,Thank You,Your Advice is welcome,Successs ahead!,In Thailand,people do not eat with chopsticks,like in China,Japan,and Korea.They use spoons and forks. 1_. Most food is already cut. If you ne

23、ed to cut things,use the side of your spoon first and then use fork. 2_. If you are right-handed,keep the spoon in your right hand and the fork in your left hand. 3_. The rice is not on the same plate with the other food. It is not neccesary to finish all your rice or all your food. It is good to le

24、ave a little on your plate.If you eat anything,it means you want more. 4_.The host（主人）will ask you two or three times if you want more food.It is the same with whatever you are drinking. During the meal,never empty your cup or glass. When it is less than half full,your host or neighbour will fill it

25、 again. 5_. Always fefill(再加满) your neighbours glass.This means that you must keep an eye on your neighbours glass all through the meal.,D,A.They never use knives B.Never fill your own glass C.People always offer you more food D.The spoon is more important than the fork E.People usually have rice in

26、 a different bowl,A,E,C,B,Thank you!,Goodbye,通篇阅读，掌握大意。 了解短文的主旨大意，掌握结构。把握全文脉络和中心思想。 2阅读选项，缩小范围 认真细读短文后的选项，对考查内容要求做到心中有数,缩小各题选择的范围. 3根据上下文，初定答案。 对短文内容中所缺句子，寻找前后文支撑论点的关键信息，特别注意前后文和句子间的逻辑关系。 4认真核查，验证答案。 注意各题的答案应逻辑一致，不能自相矛盾。结构完整，意思通顺，确保答案准确无误。,解题方法,1.细节理解题的考查. (重点) 2.词义猜测题的考查. 3.主旨归纳题的考查. 例:What is the

27、best title of this story ? 4.推理判断题的考查.,阅读理解（一）中常考的几种题型:,Thanks for listening !,教师寄语: 阅读理解题取材广泛，但仍然有规律可循。 1.平时要多阅读并善于总结，积累 解题技巧。 2.考试时要研读好文本，不放过文 本中细节。 3.做完题后要仔细检查，每篇材料 应有完整情节。,阅读理解的考查内容 1理解主旨和要义; 2理解文章中的具体信息; 3进行简单的判断和推理; 4根据上下文猜测词义; 5理解作者的意图和态度.,1.The writer began to love her mothers desk _. A. aft

28、er Mother died B. after she became a writer C. when she was a child D. when Mother gave it to her,细节题,表层理解题：这类试题一般比较简单，只要看懂文章就能答题,4. What did the mother do with her daughters letter? A. She had never received the letter. B. For years, she often talked about the letter. C. She didnt forgive her daugh

29、ter at all in her life. D. She read the letter again and again till she died.,细节题,2. The passage shows that _. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter. B. Mother was very angry with her daughter in words. C. Mother cared much about her daughter in words. D. Mother wrote

30、to her daughter in careful words.,推理判断题,5. Whats the best title of the passage? A. A letter to Mother B. Mother and daughter C. Daughters life D. Mothers life,主旨大意题,深层理解题：这类试题一般需要通过分析、归纳、 推理、判断才能找到正确答案。,3. The word “gulf” in the second paragraph means_. A. 礼物 B. 鸿沟 C. 建议 D. 方法,词义猜测题,词语释义题：根据新课程标准要求，

31、中学生应能阅读 生词量不超过3%的文章，因此对这3%的生词进行词 义猜测是应该具备的能力。,阅读理解解题指导： 快速阅读全文，了解文章大意。故事性的文章， 要准确把握故事发生的时间、地点、人物，故事发生 的原因、经过、结果等；议论文则要把握作者的观点 和支持这些观点的论据；对于科普文，则要了解“是什 么”、“怎么样”、“为什么”，等；新闻报道，要弄清楚 事件发生的时间、地点和一些细节。阅读时遇到生词 可以先跳过去，继续通读文章。 .看懂题目，细心判断。正误判断题，要认真读懂 每个句子后，再作判断；多项选择题，应将所有选项全 部读完后再作选择；有时试题可能涉及到文章的细节， 那么就要回到文章用扫

32、读的方式定位关键信息。可以借 助跳读找细节，借助略读找中心。,51. How many food chains are talked,A Two B. Three C. Four D. None,47. Uruguay held the first World Cup in _.,A.1928 B. 1929 C. 1930 D.1931,about in this passage?,C,细节题,食物链,干扰项,细节理解题的考查.,细节理解题在阅读理解题中所占的比例最大，一般占总分值的60%-85%.其题目设计的方式主要有: 以 who, what, when, where, why 及 ho

33、w 等提问短文内容 考查学生对某一细节或重点句的理解.如:Which of the following sentences is (NOT) true ? 根据文义或某一细节完成句子. 此类题常涉及计算、排序、视图、原因和事实等. 如: Children under _ are not allowed to go to Bell Tower . If 8 students go to , they should pay _. From the e-mail , we know that _. He didnt see it because _ .,在各类文体的文章中都会出现细节理解题的考查,尤

34、其在 图表、表格、广告新闻及应用文体中,细节题的比例更大:,Ask and answer the following questions : 1. Which state joined the U.S.A. last ? A. Rhode Island B. Hawaii C. Oklahoma 2. From the form we can tell New Jersey is the _ state to join the U.S.A. A. first B. fifth C. third D. sixth 3. Sea horse stay in a place by _ . A. mo

35、ving water B. sitting on the sea floor C. living together D. catching plants with their tails 4. Fish come in many shapes . What shape isnt mentioned ? A. Rocks B. Plants C. Snakes D. Flowers,推理判断题的考查.,推理判断题的考查常出现在说明文和记叙文中.说明文中要注意作者对事物内在特性及与其它事物间联系的阐述; 记叙文中要注意特定细节的描述,如名字、数字、关键词句(名词、动词、形容词和频度副词等), 甚至

36、还能从作者的语气和态度等方面推断出作者的倾向. 常见的题目设计有: From / According to the passage, we can tell/ know/ infer that What might happen next ? Where may this passage mostly come from ? What does the writer really mean/want to tell us?,局部细读，从文章中直接找到答案或,提取相关信息。,如何解答细节理解题？,仔细审题，明确提问指向，进行扫读,如何解答细节理解题？,54. In what way do we

37、say peoples inventions,can be sometimes dangerous?,A. They can catch a lot of wild wolves.,B. They can destroy the food chain .,C. They can destroy the grassland.,D. They can make wild rabbits grow,bigger and bigger.,B,55. What does the passage mainly talk about?,A. Peoples inventions. B. Lions and

38、sharks,C. Food chains D.Desert,C,推理判断题,主旨大意题,主旨归纳题的考查.,此类题主要考查学生对文章主题和中心思想的归纳概括.,主要的题型设计有:,The subject / topic of the passage is _.,The best title for this passage is _.,The passage is mainly about _.,The main idea of this passage is _.,1. Anna introduced the idea of drinking afternoon tea because s

39、he_. A. enjoyed chatting with her friends at home. B. loved fine tea and beautiful china tea cups. C. wanted to share nice food with her friends. D. found people felt hungry during the long wait between the two meals. 2. What does“social occasions”mean in Chinese? A.集体婚礼B. 社交活动 C. 社区表演 D. 公共场合 3. If

40、 someone says to you “ Will you come for coffee?”, you_. A. will be offered coffee only. B. are asked what you would like to drink C. will be asked to have a chat with him or her. D. are invited to take part in an afternoon tea party,细节题,词义猜测题,细节题,4. From the last paragraph we can see_. A. a new business was started in coffeehouses B. coffeehouses are still used by businessmen and bankers C. businessmen and bankers went to coffeehouses just for coffee D. most people wouldnt like to go to