LearningaboutLanguage (7)

1、BOOK8Learning about language,Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,Hanchuan Senior High school Hubei province Xueming Liao,Discovering useful words and expressions,EXAMPLE: n. adj. convenience convenient; independence independent,In groups make word pairs with the same suffix. Add more of your own.,cubic,

2、basic,fanciful,merciful,stainless,careless,cautious,poisonous,expectation,relaxation,production,reduction,identification,satisfaction,strengthen,lengthen,freeze,disappoint,2 Replace the underlined parts with words that have the same meaning. Rewrite the sentence when necessary.,1. The greengrocer at

3、 the corner is probably the easiest and nearest to reach. 2. If you want to apply for a credit card, you must provide officially acceptable identification.,most convenient,valid,3. You need to approach that animal with great care as it may bite. 4. She accepts everything during meetings and does not

4、 contribute to discussions at all. 5. I found his phone number in the directory and tried to telephone him last night, but there was no reply. Later I found I dialed the wrong number.,caution,is passive,call/ring him up,6. I dont think of my hometown very much, only sometimes. 7. Luckily the rainfal

5、l stopped suddenly before I left. 8. In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.,now and then,abruptly,distinguish,3 Complete the passage using the correct form of the words or phrase below.,file abruptly valid product seize perfume criterion set about,Wh

6、en I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the _. I had produced a new type of lily. I was amazed when my application was _ refused. The patent officer dealing with my _ explained to me that a new plant variety is not a _ invention as it is a result of adjusting growth scientifically.,cri

7、teria,abruptly,file,valid,However, she suggested that I should produce a _ from my new lily. With her encouragement, I decided to _ the opportunity to make a real invention, so I _ my studies on developing my _, for which I hope I will succeed in applying for a patent.,set about,seize,perfume,produc

8、t,Grammar,动词-ed形式作定语 动词-ed形式作表语 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容 词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于 一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：,一、动词-ed形式作定语,spoken English 英语口语 iced beer 冰冻啤酒 cooked food 熟食 fried chips 炸土豆条,但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示 “完成”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水)

9、; fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。,(1) 前置定语,单个的动词-ed形式, 一般放在被修饰 的名词的前面, 作前置定语。,The excited people rushed into building.,激动的人们冲进大楼。,(=the people who were excited),Lost time can never be found a

10、gain,虚度的时光, 无法挽回。,(=time which is lost),e.g. The books left are for my students,(2) 后置定语,少数单个动词的-ed形式, 如left等, 只能 作后置定语。,剩下的书是给我的学生的。, 动词-ed形式短语作定语时, 通常要放在 被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当于 一个定语从句。,Is there anything planned for tonight?,(= that has been planned for tonight),今晚有什么活动吗?,The meeting, attended by a lot

11、 of people, was a success,这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。,(=which was attended by a lot of people),He looked worried after reading the letter 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved 当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。,二、动词-ed形式作表语,过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意, 而是表示主语

12、的状态或思想感情等。如：,I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。,作表语的-ed形式可被much, very, quite 等所修饰。,三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是 及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义, 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的 过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,She found the

13、 door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。,动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语 +宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在 这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语 构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改 为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语 补足语。,People found the girl beaten black and blue,人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。,(宾语

14、补足语),The girl was found beaten black and blue,(主语补足语),(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的 动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。,We thought the game lost 我们认为球赛输了。,I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻

15、松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。,I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。 She held her hands pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。,(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。,She had her house repaired 她请人

16、把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：, (请人)把某事做完。,He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。, 遭遇某种意外情况。,I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved t

17、his year 他今年已存了1000元。, 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。,(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、 命令等动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词 包括like, want, wish, expect, order等,He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。,(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一 结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,The t

18、hief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.,小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。,Answer key for exercise 2 on page 24,We need another copy of the _ agreement. He seemed _ by the failure of his patent. She tried to make herself _ while giving her talk. I was _ to see our team _ by a weaker team. My mother

19、 appeared _ with the lanterns she had made.,signed,disappointed,understood,embarrassed,beaten,pleased,Answer key for exercise 3 on page 24,If you want to be an inventor, you must have a plan _ to solve a particular problem. This is not as easy as it sounds. Many ideas, _ after weeks of research, may

20、 not prove successful. Many unsuccessful approaches are _, and only the most creative and successful ones are _.,designed,developed,rejected,welcomed,Each idea _ by you will need to be _ until it leads you closer to a new invention. Once this hard work has been completed and the patent committee has approved your design, you will find your new invention _ on all sides.,tested,improved,adopted,