整车NVH控制技术.ppt

1、1,庞 剑 博士 Jian (James) Pang, Ph.D.,2009年7月16日 July 16, 2009,长安汽车股份有限公司 Changan Automobile Co. Ltd.,整车NVH控制技术,Automotive NVH Control Technology,2,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems 汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods 汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology 中国汽车NVH状态Status of China Automotive NVH,3,NVH的重要性 Importance of N

2、VH,NVH对顾客非常重要NVH is very important to customers NVH的好坏是顾客购买汽车的一个非常重要的因素. NVH影响顾客的满意度NVH influences customers satisfaction 在所有顾客不满意的问题中, 约有1/3是与NVH有关. NVH影响到售后服务NVH influences after-sale services 约1/5的售后服务与NVH有关,4,动态性能Attributes,噪声与振动（NVH） 碰撞安全性能Safety 行驶操纵性能Dynamics 燃油经济性能Performance/Fuel Economy 环境

3、温度性能Climate Control 乘坐的舒适性能Ride Comfort 排放性能Emission 刹车性能Breaking 防盗安全性能Security 电子系统性能Electricity 可靠性能Durability 。,在所有动态性能领域（NVH， 安全碰撞、操控、燃油经济性、等）中，NVH是涉及面最广的领域。,NVH涉及面非常广 NVH Involves Almost All Systems of a Vehicle,车身Body 发动机、变速器及动力系统Powertrian 底盘及悬架Suspension 环境控制系统Climate Control 电子系统Electricit

4、y ,5,目标设定与分解 噪声振动源的控制 噪声振动传递通道的控制 NVH的评价 NVH的试验与分析手段,Target Setting and cascading Source Control Path Control NVH Evaluation NVH Test and Analysis,汽车NVH问题 NVH Problems 汽车NVH控制方法 NVH Control Methods 汽车NVH技术的发展Development of NVH Technology 中国汽车NVH状态Status of China Automotive NVH,6,NVH开发是一个目标制定-分解-验证的过

5、程 NVH development is a process of “Target Setting Cascading Verification”,Benchmarking Competition Vehicle and system level database Quick contribution analysis Competitive vehicles 目标设定Set Targets Future with respect to competitive actions Balance with respect to other attributes, cost, weight 目标分解

6、Cascade Requirement to Subsystems 设计论证Design Verification,目标制定-分解-验证 Target Setting Cascading - Verification,7,决定NVH的因素 How to Determine NVH,顾客的要求Customers Want,政府法规Government Regulation,公司的需要和技术能力Corporate Wants and Technology Available,竞争车Benchmark Vehicles,8,车1,2,3是市场上最好的三款车Car1, car2 and car3 ar

7、e the best cars in the markets 这三款车作为benchmark的汽车The 3 cars are used for benchmark vehicles 根据benchmark的结果,设定目标Based on the benchmark test results, new target will be set up,目标的分类Target Classification: 领导者Leadership: above Best-In-Class 领导群体之中Among the Leaders (Best-in-Class) 竞争者Competitor,目标设定Targe

8、t Setting,目标的级别Target Levels 整车(顾客)级目标,例如车内噪声 Vehicle level (Customer level), such as interior sound 系统级目标, 如动力系统的噪声 System level, such as powertrain noise 子系统级目标, 如排气口的噪声 Subsystem level, such as exhaust tailpipe noise 部件级目标,如消声器的传递损失 Component level, such as Muffler TL,9,目标分解Target Cascading 目标分解是

9、从上至下 Target setting is from upper level to lower level 目标设定也是双向的 Target setting is a two-way processing 目标分解也是双向的 Target cascading is a two-way processing,开发一款车，需要设置几百个NVH目标,10,模态分离策略Modal Separation Strategy,在产品开发的初期,对所有系统和部件建立模态频率表 Set up modal frequency chart for all systems and components at the

10、 beginning of production development 为设计和目标制定提供模态分析的策略 Provide a standard modal analysis strategy for vehicle program design and target setting,11,多通道分析Multi-Path Analysis,源-通道-接受体 Source Path Response,源Sources 动力系统Powertrain 风Wind 路面Road 其他Other 通道Paths (Structure-borne and airborne) 底盘Chassis 车身Bo

11、dy 内饰Interior 其他Other 接受体Reception 耳朵Drivers and passengers ears 手Drivers and passengers hands (steering wheel) 脚Drivers and passengers feet (pedal, toe board) 座椅Drivers and passengers but (seats),12,发动机噪声振动源Engine Noise and Vibration Sources,燃烧噪声Combustion Noise 机械振动与噪声Mechanical Vibration & Noise

12、流动噪声Flow Noise,变速器噪声振动源Transmission Noise Sources,变速器啸叫Transmission Whine 变速器敲击Transmission Rattle,源,13,进气系统和排气系统的NVH Intake and Exhaust NVH,进气系统的噪声源 进气口噪声Intake orifice noise 壳体的辐射噪声Shell radiation noise,排气系统的噪声振动源 挂钩传递到车体的力Hanger force transferred to body 排气尾管噪声Tailpipe noise 壳体辐射噪声Shell radiation

13、 noise,源,14,传递轴系的NVH Driveline NVH,第一阶传递轴激励First order driveline excitation (dynamic imbalance) 传递齿轮啸叫Transmission gear whine (Gear dynamic meshing force) 2阶激励2nd order excitation by Cardon Joint,源,15,路面-悬挂-底盘的NVH Road/Suspension/Chassis NVH,激励源Excitation Sources 路面表面的形状Road surface profile 轮胎的刚度和压力

14、Tire stiffness & pressure 轮胎块的长度和形状Tire patch length and shape 轮胎的宽度和尺寸Tire width & size 汽车的速度Vehicle speed,源,16,风激励噪声Wind Noise,风激励噪声Wind noise: 由于气流绕着汽车运动而产生的噪声the noise caused by air movement around the vehicle 激励源Excitation: 空气动力湍流Aerodynamic turbulence 其他: 天线的涡流, 挡风玻璃的湍流产 Other: antenna vortex,

15、 windshield turbulence Cavity resonance, 90 km/h,源,17,结构通道控制: 车身控制 Structural Path Control: Body Control,车身的结构模态应该与其他相邻结构模态分开 Body Modes should be separated from other systems 车身结构模态应该与车身声腔模态分开 Body structural modes should be separated with body cavity modes 白车身和装饰车身模态的刚度要足够大,以避免产生奇异噪声 White body an

16、d trimmed body modes should stiff enough to avoid causing squeak and rattle 局部模态应该足够高,以避免引起NVH问题, 如轰鸣声, 等. Local modes should be stiffness enough to avoid NVH problems, such boom, resonance, etc. 车身要实现风噪最小设计Body design should let wind noise minimized,通道,18,结构通道控制:底盘/悬挂的控制 Chassis/Suspension NVH,轮胎的控

17、制: tire control 声腔模态 acoustic cavity 结构模态 structural mode 轮胎的平衡 type balance,悬架系统的控制 Suspension control 悬架的模态频率 suspension mode 悬架的刚度与阻尼 stiffness and damping 悬架跳动的频率 hop frequency 悬架部件的频率 parts frequency,隔振垫 Isolator 隔振垫的控制 isolator control 隔振垫的刚度 isolator stiffness 隔振垫的刚度与车架刚度的比值 isolator stiffnes

18、s and frame stiffness,通道,19,振动通道的控制Vibration Path Control,振动通道控制的方法有: Vibration path is controlled by:,隔振器 Vibration isolators 吸振器 Vibration absorption, e.g., dampers 阻尼材料Damping materials 提高结构和支架的刚度, 阻止振动的传递High structure and bracket stiffness 车身连接点灵敏度的控制Body connected point sensitivity control,通道,20,声