2016届高考英语总复习（译林版江苏专用）语法专项突破：定语从句（共55张PPT）.ppt

1、,第八节定语从句,研语法考点精讲,明考向语法专练,考点一定语从句的基本用法 1限制性和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。非限制性定语从句与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 He has two sons who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。,(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) He has two sons，who work in the same company. 他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。 (He has only two sons.

2、) 2关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句 (1)who指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时可作宾语(限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略)。 She is the girl who lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。,(2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)。 That is the man (whom) I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。 My brother，whom you met the other day，has gone abroad.前几天你遇见过的我

3、的那个兄弟，出国了。 (3)whose指人和物，在定语从句中作定语。 Shes the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。 I live in a room whose windows face the south. 我住在一个窗户朝南的屋子里。,(4)that指人和物，不引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语(可省略)和表语。 This is the book (that) I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。 (5)which一般指物，在非限制性定语从句中可指前面的整个

4、句子，可作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)或表语。 I want to buy a dictionary，which is valuable to my learning.我想买本词典，它对我的学习很有价值。,He was late again，which made the teacher very angry. 他又迟到了，这使得老师很生气。 (6)as指人或物，在非限制性定语从句中可指前面的整个句子，一般作主语、宾语或表语。 3关系副词when，where，why引导的定语从句 (1)when在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the days when we

5、stayed in England. 我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。,(2)where在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the place where they used to take a walk. 这就是他们过去经常散步的地方。 (3)why在定语从句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你知道他昨天缺席的原因吗？,【对点集训】 1(2014江西高考)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of al

6、l is fog. AwhichBwhat Cwhere Dwhen 【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词的选用。句意：在这些水手们必须面对的众多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词many dangers，在从句中作face的宾语。 【答案】A,2(2014山东高考)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. Awhich Bwhose Cwho Dwhy 【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：一家在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会去国外谋求机会

7、。分析题意和句子结构可知，主句中a company是主语，may seek是谓语，opportunities是宾语，而所填词要引导一个定语从句，该从句中profits是主语，are是系动词，declining是表语，profits前缺,少定语，而且profits与先行词构成所属关系，故用whose引导定语从句，同时whose在从句中作profits的定语，符合题意和结构要求。注意：A项which在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语，C项who引导定语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，而且先行词必须是“人”；D项why在定语从句中作原因状语。 【答案】B,3(2013陕西高考)_is often the

8、 case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. AIt BThat CWhat DAs 【解析】句意：正如其他孩子的情况一样，医生到达时，艾米好多了。该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。该题容易误选it，如果选it那么题干就是两句话，而中间没有连词且用了逗号，所以it不可选。 【答案】D,考点二几组关系词的区别 1关系代词与关系副词的区别 关系代词与关系副词的区别主要是在定语从句中的不同作用，关系代词在从句中做主、宾、表或定语，而关系副词在从句中作状语。关系副词有时可相当于“介词关系代

9、词”。 Do you still remember the days(that/which)we spent in Qingdao？你还记得我们在青岛度过的日子吗？ Do you still remember the days when(in which) we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？,2that与which的区别 (1)只用that不用which的情况 先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时。 All tha

10、t can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。 先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little等修饰时。 The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一得到的东西是一支钢笔。,先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 This is the last train that will go to Hangzhou. 这是去杭州的最后一趟火车。 先行词为人、物并用时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？

11、你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海已不再是过去的那座城市了。,(2)只用which不用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时。 His jokes didnt even raise a smile，which was embarrassing.听了他讲的笑话都没人笑一下，真是太尴尬了。 关系代词前有介词时。 Plants get the nutrition from the soil in which they grow. 植物从它们赖以

12、生存的土壤中吸收养分。,3as与which的区别 (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。 Success，as is known，is the pursuit of many ambitious people.成功，正如人们所知，是许多有雄心的人的追求。 Tom has made great progress，which made us very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。 (2)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，r

13、eport等；which意为“这点”。,John was admitted into the college，as we had expected. 正如我们所料，约翰被这所大学录取了。 The sun gives us light and heat，which is very important to us.太阳给我们提供光和热，这一点对我们非常重要。 (3)当先行词前有such，the same等修饰时，常用as。 Such advice as he was given has proved almost worthless. 他得到的那点建议结果证明几乎毫无价值。,【对点集训】 1(20

14、13安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012，_ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. Ait Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 【解析】句意：莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D项。 【答案】D,2(2013四川高考)Nowadays people are mor

15、e concerned about the environment_they live. Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 【解析】句意：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以D符合题意。而what不能引导定语从句；which可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作主语或宾语；when也可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作时间状语。 【答案】D,考点三“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 1“介词关系代词”中介词后的关系代词只能是which或whom Do you know the man with whom Mr.Bl

16、ack talked just now? 你认识刚才和布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？ 2“介词关系代词”中介词的确定 (1)与定语从句中的动词构成搭配，但需注意，有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。 We cant find the house in which we used to live. 我们找不到过去曾经住过的房子。,This is the person (whom) you are looking for. 这就是你找的那个人。(for不能提前) (2)与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 He built a telescope，through which he could s

17、tudy the skies.他架起一架望远镜，通过它可以研究天空。 (3)当“复合介词短语which”引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。 He lives in a big house，in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有棵大树。,(4)“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。 He lives in a room of which the windows face south. 他住在一间窗子朝南的屋子里。 【对点集训】 1(2014天津高考)English is a language share

18、d by several diverse cultures, _ uses it differently. Aall of which Beach of which Call of them Deach of them,【解析】本题考查定语从句及主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根据空格后的uses使用的是一般现在时的第三人称单数形式知，空格处需用单数名词或代词，可从B、D两项中选择(A项和C项中的all暗示空格后用use)；再根据uses是谓语动词知空格处是主语，只有B项each of which能作主语，由此本句构成了定语从句。若选D项

19、each of them，空格前后两部分需用转折连词but连接，即构成but each of them uses，或用独立主格结构each of them using it differently。 【答案】B,2(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of_are family members. Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom 【解析】句意：约翰邀请了大约40个人参加他的婚礼，大部分人是家庭成员。由前后两个句子之间没有连接词可首先把A项排除。B、C、D三项都可引导定语从句，但that不能放在介词o

20、f之后，故排除B项。which引导定语从句时，表示物，不,符合题意，也排除C项。most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定语从句中作主语，所以答案为D。 【答案】D,考点四定语从句的其他要点 1关系代词which的特殊用法 有时为了使表达的意思更清楚，可用“which名词”引导定语从句。 She may have missed the train，in which case she wont arrive for another hour.她可能没有赶上火车，那样再过一个小时她也到不了。,2当先行词是case，cond

21、ition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意义的名词时，并在定语从句中作状语时用关系副词where引导定语从句 They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 3“介词where”引导的定语从句 有时我们可以见到“介词where”引导的定语从句，此时要与“介词which”引导的定语从句加以比较。,He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a pho

22、to of something on the desk.他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。(from where 指from behind the door而不是from the door) 4当先行词way意为“方式，方法”且在定语从句中作状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which，that或不用任何关系词这三种形式 I dont like the way (that/in which) he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。,5whose和of which/whom引导的定语从句 whose和of which/whom可以相互代替，但顺序不同，whose名词

23、the名词of which/whom。 This is the scientist whose name(the name of whom) is known all over the world. 这就是那位世界闻名的科学家。,6分隔式定语从句 定语从句有时不直接跟在先行词之后，而是中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 There is an expression in her eyes that I cant understand.我不能理解她眼中表达的东西。 7定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致，试比较 He is one of the students who have passed t

24、he driving test.他是通过驾照考试的学生之一。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the driving test.他是唯一一位通过驾照考试的学生。,【对点集训】 1(2014福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities_they can gain experience for growth. Awho Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere,【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：学生们应该积极参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以

25、获得成长的经验。分析句子结构可知，本句的先行词是community activities，将其移到后面的定语从句中为：they can gain experience for growth(in) community activities，由此可知关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。解答此类题目的关键是找到正确的先行词，然后看关系词代替先行词在后面的定语从句中所作的成分，若作主语、宾语就用that，which，who，whom，as引导；若作状语就用when，where，why引导；若作定语就用whose引导。 【答案】D,2(2014北京高考)I borrowe

26、d the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me. Awho Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere,【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：上周我从图书馆借了本夏洛克福尔摩斯，这是我同学推荐我看的书。先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，把先行词代入定语从句后为My classmates recommended the book Sherlack Holmes to me.，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故定语从句用which引导。who

27、只能指代人，故可排除；when和where都为关系副词，在定语从句中作状语，也可排除。 【答案】B,3(2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition，_ he is likely to get into the national team. Ain which case Bin that case Cin what case Din whose case 【解析】句意：他也许会赢得比赛，那样的话，他就可能会进入国家队。此处引导定语从句，in which case指代“他可能会赢得比赛”这件事情，介词后的关系代词不能用that，故排除B项；what不引导定语从句；who

28、se指代“的”，不符合语境。 【答案】A,1(2015南京师大附中月考)Following the girl, we went into a hall, on _ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists. AitsBwhich Cwhose Dthose 【解析】分析句子成分可知，walls与先行词hall存在所属关系，因此关系词应该使用whose。 【答案】C,2(2015连云港质检)They stood on the top of the high building，_ they could see the whole cit

29、y. Afrom which Bon where Cfrom where Don it 【解析】根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building，故选C。 【答案】C,3(2015淮安模拟)Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on. Awhy Bwhere Chow Dthat 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。此处先行词为one point，引导词在从

30、句中作insist on的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。答案为D项。 【答案】D,4(2015南京模拟)Being a doctor is one of the few professions _ if you make a mistake, it can mean killing somebodys life. Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当一名医生是少有的几种职业中的一种： 如果你(在其中)犯了错误， 那就意味着别人丧生。定语从句中不缺主语和宾语， 先行词是professions, 故用where(in which)。 【

31、答案】D,5(2015徐州模拟)Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point _ he feels that he cannot physically do any more. Awhen Bwhere Cfor which Dwhy 【解析】考查定语从句。point, case, situation等作先行词时， 要用where引导定语从句。 【答案】B,6(2015扬州模拟)The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most o

32、f _ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there. Awhom Bthem Cwho Dwhich 【解析】空格后是动词ing形式， 故此处要用独立主格结构， 相当于most of which carried. 【答案】B,7(2014苏州六校联考)I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions _ she stopped working because of ill health. Athat

33、 Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我很敬佩我的英语老师，我几乎记不得有几个场合她因为生病不工作的。先行词是occasion“机会，场合”，表示时间，定语从句中不缺主宾表，缺少时间状语，用when引导定语从句，选B。 【答案】B,8(2014江苏淮州中学3月模拟)The young scientist has made such great achievements in his chosen field _ nobody else can make. Athat Bas Cwhich Dwhat 【解析】考查定语从句。当定语从句的先行词前面有such，as

34、many/much等修饰的时候，后面的定语从句可以使用as来引导。句意：这位年轻的科学家已经做出了别人没有实现的成就。本句中的as指代先行词，并在定语从句中做make的宾语，故B正确。 【答案】B,9(2014淮安模拟)Constant practice has erased my accent to a point _ people think Im a native speaker. Athat Bwhich Cin which Dat which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：持续的练习除掉了我的口音， 人们在一定程度上认为我是当地人。point, case, situation等作先行词

35、时， 要用where引导定语从句， 此处构成at a point, 故用D项。 【答案】D,10(2014安庆模拟)All the people agree that it is so difficult a task _ no one can carry out within three weeks. Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhen 【解析】考查定语从句。当先行词前有as, so, such修饰时， 要用关系代词as引导定语从句， 本句中as代指task作carry out的宾语。 【答案】C,11(2014清江模拟)According to Chinas Food Safet

36、y Law，_ in February 2009, the State Council established the Food Safety Committee to oversee a chain of departments. Aas is passed Bas it was passed Cwhich is passed Dwhich was passed 【解析】考查定语从句。which代指Chinas Food Safety Law，引导定语从句。A、C两项时态不对； B项it多余。 【答案】D,12(2014安庆模拟)Its said that hes looking for a

37、 new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family. Awhen Bwhere Cthat Dwhich 【解析】考查定语从句。句中的one作a new job的同 位语， 其后接由where引导的定语从句， where在从句中 作状语。 【答案】B,13(2014长沙市一中模考)Occasions are quite rare _ the father has the time to spend a day with his kids. Awhen Bwhich Cwhy Dthat 【解析】句意：父亲和孩子们共度一天的机会很少。此句是一个分割式定语从句，先行词为occasions，相当于一个虚拟的时间，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。 【答案】A,14(2014宿迁高三模拟)Oct. 1st，_ is our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing. Aas Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Oct.1st，从句中缺少主语，所以需要用关系代词，又由于前面有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用关系代词which。 【答案】D,15(2014安徽望江二中模拟)He