Presentation - World War II.ppt

1、SSUSH 19,World War II,World in Flames,SSUSH 19,Causes of World War II,World War I and the worldwide economic depression devastated Europe. Political and Social unrest led to the rise of totalitarian political parties Nazi and Fascists Parties Charismatic leaders like Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolin

2、i rose to power.,SSUSH 19,Adolf Hilter,Took advantage of German resentment over WWI to win support for Nazi Party. Ascended to power in 1933, known as the “Fuhrer” (leader) Called his government the Third Reich and empire that would last a thousand years Blamed the Jews for all of Germanys problems,

3、SSUSH 19,Benito Mussolini,dictator of Italy from 1922- 1945 head of the Fascist party executed after he was overthrown by Italian King; hung from meat hooks to prove his death to the public,SSUSH 19,Hitlers Aggression,1936 Germany occupies the Rhineland without any opposition 1938 Germany annexes Au

4、stria with no resistance 1938 demands the right to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia Hitlers aggression is setting the stage of WWII,SSUSH 19,Hitlers Aggression,In an effort to avoid war, Great Britain and France give into Germany for a promise not to invade anymore territories This pol

5、icy was known as appeasement,SSUSH 19,Winston Churchill,A member of parliament at the time, he said, “Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”,SSUSH 19,Japan,In the 1920s and 1930s, Japan began to aggressively expand its territory Japan had

6、 become a modern country but had few resources, so it choose to take the resources that it needed. Japan invades Manchuria a province in China in 1931 Captures most of the coastal cities but is unable to control inland Japan Joins the Axis powers in 1940,SSUSH 19,U.S. Reactions,Congress passes the N

7、eutrality Act of 1939 and considers a Constitutional amendment to restrict the governments power to declare war. President Roosevelt keeps a suspicious eye on both Germany and Japan.,SSUSH 19,U.S. Reactions,Roosevelt had to deal with racial tensions in the U.S. armed forces A. Phillip Randolph, a ci

8、vil rights leader, proposed a march on Washington D.C. to protest racial discrimination in the military. Roosevelt supports the Fair Employment Act Prohibits discrimination in defense industry First law against employment discrimination,SSUSH 19,Major Events and Battles of World War II,SSUSH 19,The

9、War in Europe,Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler launches WWII by invading Poland He choose to invade Poland because it stood between Germany and Russia He signs a Non-aggression Pact with Russia agreeing to divide Poland. Joseph Stalin, dictator of USSR, agrees to buy time to build up his forces. Britain and Fr

10、ance declare war on Germany!,SSUSH 19,The Fall of France.,April 1940, Germany conquers Denmark, Norway In less than one month, Germany overruns the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France Hitler wanted to establish peace with Britain so that he could turn his efforts toward Russia,SSUSH 19,Battl

11、e of Britain,Winston Churchill finds himself alone in Europe to fight Hitler. Hitler knew that he had to destroy Britains Royal Air Force before launching an invasion of England. Nightly bombings of London strengthened the British and Churchill in their fight. Hitler gives up his plan to invade Brit

12、ain.,SSUSH 19,The United States Enters the War,Roosevelt wins a third term to office in 1940 He is convinced that America cant afford to stay out of the war. 1941 Congress passes the Lend-Lease Act we would send aid to any country deemed vital to the U.S. and defer payment until later.,SSUSH 19,Pear

13、l Harbor,U.S. imposes an embargo on oil and steel to Japan. Japan sets its sights on the natural resources of the Dutch East Indies. Japan had to deal with the US Naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Japan delivers a surprise attack on December 7, 1941 “A day that will live in infamy” -Roosevelt,SSUS

14、H 19,Internment Camps,Many suspected that Japanese, German and Italian Americans would support the Axis powers Thousands were relocated to internment camps American military forced 100,000 Japanese Americans to leave their homes.,SSUSH 19,Internment Camps,Korematsu vs. United States said relocation

15、was constitutional based on military urgency; Ex Parte Endo case ruled that loyal Americans could not be held against their will.,SSUSH 19,War in Europe,Three days after Pearl Harbor, Germany and Italy declared war on America Hitler had also invaded Russia The United States, Russia and Great Britain

16、 stood as the Allied Powers The Allies drive the Axis out of North Africa and parts of Italy and prepare for an invasion of Western Europe.,SSUSH 19,D-Day,Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt meet in Dec. 1943 Soviets wanted Britain and American to open a second front against Germany General Dwight D. Ei

17、senhower is appointed as Supreme Allied Commander of Operation Overlord.,SSUSH 19,Operation Overlord,Involved hundreds of thousands of troops Largest amphibious invasion in military history. Launched June 6, 1944 500,000 troops come ashore in Normandy, France August, 1944 Allies liberate Paris,SSUSH

18、 19,Battle of the Bulge,Last major offensive battle for Germany; attempt to break through allied lines to capture Antwerp, Belgium The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest of the battles that U.S. forces experienced in World War II; the 19,000 American dead were unsurpassed by those of any other en

19、gagement Germans finally turned back Allies move on Berlin,SSUSH 19,Fall of Berlin, two massive Soviet army groups attacked Berlin from the east and south, while a third overran German forces positioned north of Berlin one of the final battles of the European Theatre of World War II. Hitler committe

20、d suicide in his bunker as the Soviets approached the city.,SSUSH 19,V-E Day,President Roosevelt dies will in office shortly before the war is over. Harry Truman becomes president Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) = May 8, 1945,SSUSH 19,Holocaust,The invasion of Europe uncovered the horrible atrocitie

21、s committed by the Nazis Nazis targeted people they felt were inferior or unfit especially the Jewish people. He blamed the Jewish people for all of Germanys problems when he took power.,SSUSH 19,Holocaust,The anti-semetism progressed to Hitlers Final Solution to the Jewish problem The Nazis attempt

22、 to exterminate the Jewish race through mass genocide Jews would be rounded up and placed in concentration camps for extermination. Approximately six million Jews and five million undesirables were killed .,SSUSH 19,War in the Pacific,Within hours of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan also attacked t

23、he Philippines, destroying half U.S. planes stationed there. Japanese forces invade and eventually take the Islands General Douglas MacArthur forced to abandon the Philippines, vowing to its people that he would return.,SSUSH 19,Bataan Death March,the forcible transfer of 90,000 to 100,000 American

24、and Filipino prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in the Philippines from the Bataan peninsula to prison camps, Characterized by wide-ranging physical abuse, murder, savagery, and resulted in very high fatalities inflicted upon the prisoners and civilians along the route by the armed forces of

25、the Empire of Japan,SSUSH 19,The Battle of Midway and Island Hopping,Admiral Yamamoto considered a military genius for his attack on Pearl Harbor wanted to destroy the remainder of the US Fleet Battle of Midway a surprise by the American Navy on Japan American victory allows US to go on the offense

26、in the Pacific,SSUSH 19,Island Hopping,The U.S. decided to advance on Japan from two directions. Across the central Pacific under Admiral Nimitz. From the South under General MacArthur and Halsey The southern route required an invasion of the Philippines which MacArthur had promised to the people of

27、 the Philippines.,SSUSH 19,Island Hopping,The U.S. began a process of island hopping, in which it attacked and conquered one group of islands and moved onto the next.,“People of the Philippines , I have returned.” MacArthur,SSUSH 19,Island Hopping,In desperation, Japan turned to the use of Kamikaze

28、pilots to try and avoid defeat Kamikazes were pilots who committed suicide by intentionally crashing their planes into U.S. ships Famous battles include Iwo Jima. Guadalcanal, Okinawa,SSUSH 19,Atomic Bomb,The capture of Okinawa cleared the way for the invasion of Japan. Manhattan Project was conduct

29、ed to build the first atomic bomb; project was based in Los Alamos, New Mexico.,SSUSH 19,Potsdam Conference,Harry Truman, Churchill and Stalin meet to discuss post war policies. Potsdam Declaration restated their policy of unconditional surrender Japanese insisted on the condition that the Emperor w

30、ould be protected. Truman authorized the use of the bomb,SSUSH 19,Victory in Japan,August 6, 1945, a B-29 bomber named the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan August 8, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded Manchuria When Japan delayed its surrender, August 9, 1945 , Ame

31、rica dropped the second bomb on Nagasaki. Japan finally surrendered on August 14, 1945 The next day was declared V-J Day,SSUSH 19,The War at Home,The government realized the support of the American People was crucial to victory They launched huge advertising campaign and theaters played newsreels that showed American war effort in a positive light,SSUSH 19,SSUSH 19,War Production Board,The U.S. economy had to switch from peacetime to wartime as quickly as possible. Roosevelt set up the War production Board (WPB