被动语态.ppt3.ppt定稿.ppt

1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice),A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,限定动词的被动结构,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室

2、。 The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。,一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / ha

3、ve tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant.,This book was written in 1969.,The broken bike is being repaired now.,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.,The pen has been used for several years.,He said the factory had been opened .,The work will be finished in three hours.,The baby

4、must be looked after well.,歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面,找一找规律,(一)被动语态基本用法: 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,be + 过去分词,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾

5、，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are was were,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,动词过去分词的变化:,1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态： 主语+am / is / are + PP,2. The lost boy _ at the street corne

6、r last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态： 主语+was / were + PP,3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态： 主语+will + be + PP 主语+be going to + be + PP,4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were buil

7、t C. have been built,现在完成时的被动语态： 主语+have/ has+ been + PP,5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water,含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + PP,(三)主动语态变被动语态方法: (1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; (2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主

8、格改为宾格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes,in the factory.,are made,them,by,（四）主动变被动的步骤:,1.找宾语: 即动作的承受者(改为主语),He washed his car yesterday.,His car,3. 判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.,be,4. 判断动词的时态 : 即be动词的时态.,2. 修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词,washed,5. 修改原句的主语 :即by +主语(变宾格).,(by him),yesterday.,is was,was,1.T

9、om broke the window. The window,2.She broke the windows. The windows,3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom,was broken,by Tom.,were broken,by her.,is cleaned,by him,be动词的单复数变化:,everyday.,1. They will finish the work in ten days.,The work in ten days.,will be finished,(by them),2.They are

10、going to have a show tomorrow.,A show,is going to be had,(by them),tomorrow.,1. Amy can take good care of the cat ,The cat,can be taken good care of,by Amy.,2. They should sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs,by them.,should be sung,（五）主动句与被动句的转换,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,*People speak English almos

11、t all over the world.,English is spoken almost all over the world.,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变 后置的主语从句；,2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语， 同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,*People believe that he is an honest boy.,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,2.含有双

12、宾语的主动句的转换,* I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday.,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,3. 短语动词的被动句的转换。,* They have never listened to him.,He has never been listened to.,（六）主动形式表示被动意义,一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, e

13、nd, finish, stop等.,*School begins in September. *The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.,主动形式表示被动意义,二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性 的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。,*The machine runs well. *This pen writes quite smoothly. *The bookshelf hardly sells.,三、表示主语状

14、态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：,*Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,*Your idea sounds reasonable. *What he said proved to be correct.,四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被

15、动意义，相当于不定式的被动式.,*Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,*His suggestion is (not) worth considering.,【Attention】 be worthy的用法: * His

16、suggestion is worthy of being considered. His suggestion is worthy to be considered.,（七）动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,1. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,*Please give me something to eat. *I have a lot of work to do today.,(间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语),(主语I是to do的逻辑主语),2. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子

17、的主语或宾语有动宾关系时，一般用主动形式.,*His speech in English was difficult to follow. *Do you think him easy to get along with?,(状语to follow与主语有动宾关系),(不定式与宾语有动宾关系),(八)被动形式表示主动意义,反身代词的被动形式表示主动意义 She usually dressed herself in white. She is usually dressed in white. The boy seated himself by the window. The boy was s

18、eated by the window.,不及物过去分词表示主动意义 *Winter is gone and spring is coming. 情感,态度等用被动形式表示主动意义 *I am pleased to meet you at the party. *Are you satisfied with what you have done?,相当于adj.,(九)被动语态的特殊情况:,1.在主动语态中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如: 1) We hear

19、d him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room. 2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.,A traffic accident _(happen) just now.,happened,2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, fe

20、el, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become,Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.,sounds,3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:,The pen _ (write) very fast.,writes,This kind of sweater _ (sell) well.,sells,1. 不及物动词（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, ,不用被动语态的动词：,(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：,read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear,