《词的语义分类》PPT课件.ppt

1、Oct.19, 2010,1,Review,What are the five semantic changes? And give one example for each.,Generalization Specialization Elevation Degradation Transference,Oct.19, 2010,2,Semantic Classification,Chen Qianfeng Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University,Oct.19, 2010,3,Preview,What are main Semantic C

2、lassification types?,Hyponymy Synonymy Antonymy Homonymy,Oct.19, 2010,4,Hyponymy,Semantic field describes a set of words grouped in a certain way. It was introduced in 1931 by the German linguist Jost Trier.,Oct.19, 2010,5,Semantic Field (陆：112),Oct.19, 2010,6,Hyponymy entails the inclusion of one l

3、abeled class in another, structured by the semantic relation of “kind of”.,Hyponymy /,Superordinate: tree,Hyponyms: pine, oak, ash, maple,Co-hyponyms,/ /,Oct.19, 2010,7,Classroom exercise (陆：130),Part Part ,Oct.19, 2010,8,Synonymy /,Definition: The sameness or close similarity of meaning.,A1,A2,Syno

4、nyms,/,Oct.19, 2010,9,Synonym Origins,(Palmer: 1981:88),Oct.19, 2010,10,Word Length Formality,Illustration,Oct.19, 2010,11,British English vs. American English,Oct.19, 2010,12,4. Stylistic synonyms: Synonyms differing in style.,2. Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning.,3. Collo

5、cational synonyms: Synonyms differing in their collocation.,1. Semantically different synonyms.,Synonyms,Oct.19, 2010,13,Definition: the oppositeness of meaning.,Antonymy /,Gradable antonyms,Complementary antonyms,Relational antonyms,程度,非此即彼,关系成对,/,Oct.19, 2010,14,Classroom exercise,North / South Ab

6、ove / Below Vacant / Occupied Expensive/Cheap Doctor / Patient Wide / Narrow Poor / Rich On/Off,Oct.19, 2010,15,Application,Oyxmoron（矛盾修饰法） Examples: Living death Bittersweet Visible darkness Open secret A thunderous silence,活受罪 苦乐 若明若暗 公开的秘密 无声胜有声,Oct.19, 2010,16,Definition: The words (differing in

7、 meaning) + (the same in sound or spelling, or both),Homonymy /,Homophones (同音异义词),Homographs (同形异义词),Complete homonyms (同形同音异义词),The two words share the same spelling but have different meanings.,The two words share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.,The two w

8、ords are pronounced the same but differ in meaning.,Oct.19, 2010,17,Homophone,Homograph,Complete homonyms,Lead /li:d/ 引导 Lead /led/ 铅,Passed Past Two Too,Rose 玫瑰 Rose 上升,Bear 熊 Bear 忍受,Oct.19, 2010,18,Lexical ambiguity,A family of three tomatoes were walking downtown one day when the little baby tomato started lagging behind. The big father tomato wa