Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (盎格鲁-诺曼时期).ppt

1、Part II The Anglo-Norman Period,I. The Norman Conquest II. The Literature of Anglo-Norman Period,1. The Danish Invasion,2. The Norman Conquest,3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language,1. The Danish Invasion,1). about 787,Danish Vikings (海盗),plundering first, then permanent set

2、tlements,(849901) King Alfred the Great,(1) education and literature,(2) from Latin into English,(3)Chronicle 编年史,a monument of Old English prose,2). 1013, Danes again, 30 years occupation,I. The Norman Conquest,The Danes,Alfred the Great (Old English: lfrd, lfrd, elf advice; 849 26 October 899), wa

3、s king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. - defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, -becoming the only English king to be given the epithet the Great. -Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself King of the Anglo-Saxons. -Alf

4、red was a learned man who encouraged education and improved his kingdoms legal system and military structure.,Alfred the Great 阿尔弗烈德大帝,The King succeeded in driving off the Danes.,The King started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.,2. The Norman Conquest,The Normans, from Northern France, Duke William,in 10

5、66,battle in Hastings,King of England,revolts suppressed; conquest completed; The Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period.,Norman Conquest,ended the Anglo-Saxon established the feudalism,confiscated the lands （没收）,Anglo-Saxon lords(贵族),a great survey,The “Domesday Book” 地籍簿,bestowed (赠送给),Willi

6、am I pushed England into the feudal society,Result claimed himself William I William king of England the sole owner of the land of all England his own Land his baronknights his relatives,fellowers,possess one third of the land Church political power religious authority the serfs Conflicts the peasan

7、ts Rebelling ways refuse uprising,Feudal Lords (The king/the baron/ the church),to carry out task of labor to pay heavy rents on land to escape from lands to growing cities,3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language,French,nobles, lords,English subject(臣民),scholars, clergyman,ro

8、mances,No written,chronicles, religious poems,literature,language,speaker,English,Latin,at first,The Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing. French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury, science and law, began to come into the English language.,English French Latin time-age- -ep

9、och Rise-mount-ascend Ask-question-interrogate Goodness-virtue-probity Fast-firm-secure Fire-flame-conflagration Fear-terror-trepidation Holy-sacred-consecrated,Significance of Norman Conquest the English language was greatly enriched by the Norman Conquest The union of state and church: hierarchy a

10、nd God-centered worship,By the end of the 14th century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But now it became something different from the old Anglo-Saxon.,II. The Literature of Anglo-Norman Period,a.The Romance (传奇故事） Sir Gawain and the G

11、reen Knight b.The Ballards 大众民谣 c.The Poetry Piers the Plowman by William Langland The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer,The Robin Hood Ballards,a Romancce,1).Definition 2) Characteristics 3).Knight and chivary(two terms) 4)Representative works 5)Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. .,Definition of R

12、omance Romance: It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. (term) The literature for the upper class. The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance,2) Characteristics,1. It lacks general resemblance

13、 to truth or reality. 2.It sings knightly adventures or deeds in prose or verse; 3. Motifs of quest ,challenge, test and meeting with the evil or giant; 4.emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady. 5.The central character is a knight of noble family described as riding forth to seek adventures, ta

14、king part in tournaments, of fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the Church and the king. (the knight code) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is considered the culmination of Romance.,3).knight and chivary Knight: a househould servant;serve him in war;fight for the king;lands from baron;

15、 hierarchy at the lowest level of the nobility (upper class); literature about knights called chivalric literature. The system called chivalry.,chivalry. A system of ethical ideals arose from feudalism. The chief chivalric virtues were piety, honor, valor, courtesy, chastity, and loyalty. Love, in t

16、he chivalrous sense, was largely platonic,4)representative works,Classes a. the “matters of Britain” (adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table) b. the “matters of France”, tales centering about Charlemagne and his peers,c. the “matters of Greece and Rome”, an endless series of fa

17、bulous tales about Alexander, and about the fall of Troy,(2) The Class Nature of the Romance -loyalty to king and lord -The romances had nothing to do with the common people. They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.,5),Explanation of Sir

18、 Gawain and Green Knight.,Time: about 1315-1400 Poet:unknown Length: 2530 lines, 4parts Characters: Sir Gawain the Green Knight,plot,1st part- feast in the palace 2nd part-journey for the Green Chapel 3rd part-test in the castle 4th part-blow in the chapel test,Part Three,What happens to Gawain duri

19、ng the three days.,Explanation of Sir Gawain and Green Knight. Theme: a series of tests on faith, courage, purity and human weakness. Original sin The story of Gawain contains four sections, 2530 lines, derived from Celtic legend. It is written in an elaborate stanza combining meter and alliteration

20、. At the end of each stanza, there is a rimed refrain.,Tow motifs A. The test of faith, courage, purity B. The test of human weakness for self-preservation Two themes,-Temptation and testing -Hunting and seduction,RHYME Also spelled rime, rhyme is a matching similarity of sounds in two or more words

21、, especially when their accented vowels and all succeeding consonants are identical. For instance, the word-pairs listed here are all rhymes: skating/dating, emotion/demotion, fascinate/deracinate, and plain/stain. GENRE: A type or category of literature or film marked by certain shared features or

22、conventions. The three broadest categories of genre include poetry, drama, and fiction. These general genres are often subdivided into more specific genres and subgenres. For instance, precise examples of genres might include murder mysteries, westerns, sonnets, lyric poetry, epics, tragedies, etc.,

23、STANZA: An arrangement of lines of verse in a pattern usually repeated throughout the poem. Typically, each stanza has a fixed number of verses or lines, a prevailing meter, and a consistent rhyme scheme. A stanza may be a subdivision of a poem, or it may constitute the entire poem. Early English te

24、rms for a stanza were batch, stave, and fit. REFRAIN: A line or set of lines at the end of a stanza or section of a longer poem or song-these lines repeat at regular intervals in other stanzas or sections of the same work. Sometimes the repetition involves minor changes in wording.,themeis the centr

25、al topic, subject, or concept the author is trying to point out THEME: A central idea or statement that unifies and controls an entire literary work. A theme is the authors way of communicating and sharing ideas, perceptions, and feelings with readers, and it may be directly stated in the book, or i

26、t may only be implied. MOTIF: A conspicuous recurring element, such as a type of incident, a device, a reference, or verbal formula, which appears frequently in works of literature. For instance, “stepmother” in the Snow White ; the man fatally bewitched by a fairy lady is a common folkloric motif a

27、ppearing in Keats works.,Five Knightly Virtues,(a) free-giving (or generosity) (b) friendliness (or brotherhood) (c) chastity (or purity) (d) chivalry (or courtesy) (e) piety (or compassion),homework,Part I:Written work(Chose two of them) 1.What do Gawains adventures reveal about knightly virtues? 2

28、 What are the themes of the story? 3.What is the significance of the color green? 4.西方的骑士文学和中国的武侠小说有何异同？ .PartII Preview work:(41-62) What is heroic couplet? What are Chaucers contributions? What is ballad ?,b. The Ballad Literature for the lower class.,A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4

29、-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. (term) The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class st

30、ruggle. Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.,the ballads of Robin Hood,features -strong,brave and clever; tender-hearted,affectionate -hatred for the cruel oppressors and love for the poor and downtrodden -enemies: upper ranks (earls, barons, archbishops, abbots). -reverence for th

31、e King -partly historical,partly legendary; a saxon (rob the rish,never molested the poor and needy) nature: fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantry,c. Poetry,William Langland (1330-1400) and Piers the Plowman (1)It is a long poem of over 7,000 lines. T

32、he poem set forth a series of wonderful dreams, through which we can see a picture of feudal England. It opens with a description of the authors visionary wandering in the Malvern Hills, where he fell asleep, dreaming of a fair field full of people. Some were industriously employed in ploughing and

33、sowing, only the idlers might waste the fruits of their labor.,Langlands Piers Plowman is one of the strangest and one of the greatest poems of the Middle Ages. As spiritual allegory and social satire, it is not comparable with any other poem. Its chain of dream visions relates not only to the pract

34、ical problems of medieval life, but also to the whole gamut of Christian attitudes towards God. Langland is sometimes plain and forthright, sometimes clumsy and obscure, but these limitations are utterly outweighed by his gifts for both comedy and lyricism and by moments of real sublimity.,spiritual

35、 allegory and satire Names of people: Lady Meed, Conscience, Piers, Seven Deadly Sins: Pride, Leachery, Envy, Wrath, Avarice, Sloth,Glutton, These sins come from the idle rich, because “Poverty avoideth the Seven Deadly Sins.”,P.1: In a somer seson, whan softe was the sonne, P.2: I shoop me into shroudes as I a sheep were, P.3: In habite as an heremite unholy of werk