高考英语复习——动词时态语态.ppt

1、,动词时态和语态 一 时态,When I was a boy,I often to play in that park.,一 一般体中的一般现在时 一般过去时分别表示现在 过去的经常性 习惯性动作或状态。所谓一般体，表示既不 进行，又不完成,We meals three times a day.,He always ready to help others.,have,is,went,The sun in the east.,rises,二 一般现在时还可表示客观真理 科学事实,Whatever you ,I will mot change my mind.,say,三 一般现在时还可用在if

2、 unless even if 引导的条件状语从句由when before until as soon as the moment once引动的时间状语从句中由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever whoever whichever whenever wherever however引导的让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态,I never you were going to come here.,thought,四 语境中的一般过去时，往往表示 刚才 在过去之意，暗示现在已经不再这样,Tom next week.,Will come

3、 back,五 一般将来时的用法,1 现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势,It .,Is going to rain,2 be going to do表推断,The train .,Is about to start,3 be about to do表立即的将来,He here tonight.,comes,4 有些动词如come go stay arrive leave begin start等，其一般现在时 现在进行时亦可表示按计划 安排将来要发生的动作或状态,She next month.,Is going to be married,5 be to+动词原形

4、,（1）表示按计划或安排要做某事 包括过去时,What .,Is to be done,(2) 表示应该 相当于should,I there before ten.,am to be,(3) 表打算 = intend,What we next.,to do,(4) 表示征求意见（第一人称）,are,You in the reading room.,(5) 用于否定句表示禁止,are not to smoke,The news in the newspaper.,(6) 表示可能 相当于may can,Is to be found,If I you that I admired him,woul

5、d you believe me?,(7)用于 if 或even if/even though,表对未来的假设,were to tell,The house .,Is to let,(8) 在be to blame be to let中主动表被动,Tom into the house when no one .,slipped,进行体 （一）一个长动作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作用进行体，短动作用一般体,was looking,The rooms .,（二）表示动作的未完性 暂时性,are being painted,I my mum to London.,（三）表示计划 安排要做的事,a

6、m taking,I when my mum came back.,（四）表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况,am doing homework,He of others first.,（五）表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏 厌恶 遗憾等情绪 常与always continually constantly连用,Is always thinking,He busy writing a book,三 完成体 （一） 现在完成时 1 一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（时间状语lately ,recently ,in the last ,few days,since then,up to

7、now, so far,has been,recently,The concert,2 一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响（already just yet never before,has started,This is the first time I here.,3 This/It is the first/secondtime+that从句。that从句的谓语要用现在完成时,have come,I will go with you as soon as I my work.,4 在条件 时间 让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作,have finished,5 瞬间动词又叫

8、非延续性动词 终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定式可以接表示一段时间的状语,He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived in Beijing since last year. He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years. He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for

9、3 years. It is 3 years since he joined the army. He has joined the army.,He said that he abroad for 3 years.,(二)过去完成时 1 一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先与他发生，发生在前的事情的动词需用过去完成时。时间状语用before,had been,he nothing about it yet,2表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,had I got home,Until then,3 在和句型中，和从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示 刚刚。就

10、。,Hardly when the car a flat tyre.,had known,got,It was ten years since we suan a wonderful time.,4 It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。Since从句的谓语用过去完成时,5 That/It/This was the first/secondtime+that从句。that从句的谓语要用过去完成时,That was the first time that I the exam.,had had,had passed,I to see more of Shanghai.,6 表

11、示愿望 打算一类的词,表示愿望未曾实现,had hoped,（三）将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语是 by+将来的某个时间,all of you college students .,By this time of next year,will have become,The window is dirty I know.It for weeks,has not been cleaned,二 语态 主动和被动 被动（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者,A good time by all.,was had,（2）需要强调或突出承受者或事件本身,

12、Girls wanted.(招女工）,(3)在文章标题 广告 新闻中,Where you,be reached,（4）当我们出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时,can,will be given up,3 注意短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态(不可丢掉后面的借此或副词）,The plan,will be given up,3 注意短语动词的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态(不可丢掉后面的借此或副词）,The plan,got married,4 get+过去分词 可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化,She last week.,feels cold,二 主动表被动 1 系动词（look so

13、und smell taste appear seem go prove turn stay become fall get grow keep）+形容词/名词 构成系表结构,The steel .,began,2 表示开始 结束 运动的动词 （begin finish start open close stop end shut run move）,Work at7 o,clock this morning.,dries easily,3 表示主语的某种属性特性的名词（read write act iron cut draw drive sell wash clean wear open c

14、ook lock shut dry eat drink）,This coat,4 少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义（print cook fry hang build make） The meat,is cooking,beyond belief,5 介词 in on under等+名词“构成介词短语表被动意义,The rumor is (那个谣言令人难以置信),6 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语（fit have wish cost agree with arrive at/in shake hand with succeed in suffer from happen to

15、 take part in walk into belong to等）,This key just the lock,fits,易混点,一 一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别 一般过去时所表示的一个或一段的时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连，他所表示的事情纯属过去，现在完成时说的现在的情况。,He in the army from 1952 to 1954.(过去的一件事) He in the army for 5 years.(现在他仍然在军中服役，他仍然是军人),served,had served,He many plays when he was at college.(写剧本是他过

16、去做的事情） He many plays.(这意味着他是剧作家),wrote,has written,I Hero last year.(看英雄的时间是去年且与现在无关） I Hero before.(以前看过，强调现在知道这部电影的内容。before:以前是表示一个与现在有联系的时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间),saw,have seen,had learned,二 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 1 一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况，而过去完成时指过去的一个动作或时间之前发生的事,He 3000 English words before he to this school.,c

17、ame,2 过去完成时的时间状语常用和引导的短语表示 如by that time,by the end of2010,before 2000,by the time+句子（一般过去时） He writing the book,had finished,by the end of last month.,三 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别 1 两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）,has been,had bee

18、n,2 She ill for a week before she came back.(回来 发生在过去某一时间，生病发生在这一时间之前，即过去的过去) She ill for a week.(现在仍然病着),Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from ChinaA. receive B. are receiving C. will recive D. had received,Bob has gone to California Oh,can you tell me when he .A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave,On her next