选修8 unit2 readingppt课件VIP

1、.,高二人教新课标版选修八,Unit 2 Cloning,Reading,.,Twins,They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.,.,A strawberry plant,The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.,.,一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎, 一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。,.,富贵竹插枝即活,The gardener should cut the plant, then the c

2、utting produce another new plant.,.,1996 cloning sheeps,.,2001 cloning cattle,.,我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多,2002年5月 中旬成功地 繁殖了一只 胚胎细胞 克隆兔。,.,2002 cloning cats,.,2002年4月16日美国第一头克隆牛“艾米”产下牛犊喜作妈咪。,.,2005 cloning dogs,.,In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find

3、out. Share your lists with one another.,Pre-reading,.,1. What is a clone?,A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.,.,2. How is a clone produced？,The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It

4、can be done by taking cuttings (man- made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.,.,.,3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning？,Medical clonin

5、g can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.,.,4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?,People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone d

6、ead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.,.,1. What is the main topic? A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places. 2. What is the writing style? A. Expositive (说明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (议论性的).,Cloning: Where is it leading us?,A,A,Scanning,.,L

7、earning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.,.,3. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly like the s

8、heep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep.,B,.,4. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. u

9、sually lives longer than the original one C. usually dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one,C,.,5. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C. C

10、loning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.,D,.,6. Which of the following is wrong? A. Cloned people could live forever. B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid. C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband

11、. D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.,A,.,7. Which statement is NOT true? A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more mon

12、ey. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.,A,.,8. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many

13、other attempts to clone mammals failed,B,.,9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep 10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D

14、. 12,C,D,.,11. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientist

15、s are not sure about its future.,D,.,12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals. C. There are moral objectio

16、ns to cloning human beings. D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.,D,.,13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the

17、whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.,D,.,Careful reading,The main idea of each paragraph.,Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses. 3. The _ of Dolly. 4. The _ of c

18、longing in society. 5. The attitudes towards cloning.,a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.,problems,two major,effect,.,It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.,plants,animals,themselves,humans,Natural clone,Man-made clone,Para 1: The definition of cloning,.

19、,1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research 2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep? 3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?,3,Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning,1996,.,normally,Dolly lived for six and a half years

20、, half the length of the life of the original one.,Para 3: The problems of Dolly,.,The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. important,Para 4: The impact of Dolly,B,.,True or false: 1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world. 2. All the r

21、esearch into human beings will be forbidden. 3. Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.,Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloning,Many governments forbade research into human beings.,T,T,F,.,Hitler: an evil leader,.,意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里,冒死也要克隆人的科学家:布瓦瑟利耶,.,1 Read the passage and answer these questions.,Com

22、prehending,1. What are the two major uses of cloning?,The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.,.,2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?,Cloning plants is straightf

23、orward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.,.,3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die?,4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries?,The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.,Clonin

24、g is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.,.,Animals may Develop the illnesses of older animals.,Fill in the chart.,Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans.,.,Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals,Evil leader may want to clone the

25、mselves.,There are moral objections to cloning human beings.,Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.,Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.,Cloning can help save endangered animals.,.,3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading pas

26、sage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it?,I think the writer is because,impartial,he/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.,.,1. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎) for medical purposes? Why? 2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官)

27、 transplants? Why? 3. Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why? 4. Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why?,Discussion,.,As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conv

28、eniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much troubles: such as moral questions.,.,Practice activity: Debate,Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What i

29、s your point of view on it?,.,1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。 when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与 主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is

30、needed.(03, 全国)A. unlessB. since C. althoughD. when,Language points,D,.,2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地)发生; 出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件; 偶然发生的事 (常用复数) 辨析: happen, occur, take place与come about 四词都有“发生”之意, 但有区别。 happen 是一般用语, 词义较广, 强调事情 发生的偶然性; occur 用

31、法较正式, 既可以指自然发生, 也 可以指有意安排。,碰巧,(某人)发生什么事了,碰巧,.,1) When did the explosion _? 2) Important elections _ this fall. 3) The concert will _ next Sunday. 4) How did the quarrel _?,occur,take place,come about,happen,Use the above words to fill in the blanks.,take place 一般指有计划, 按事先安排的 进行的含义。 come about 往往注重事情

32、发生的原因, 常 与how 连用。 以上四组词均为不及物动词, 无被动语态。,.,2. straightforward adj. 简单的, 易懂的， 坦诚的, 坦率的 straightforwardly adv. 率直地, 坦诚地 straightforwardness n. 率直 Jack is rough, but always straightforward. Installing the program is relatively straightforward. She admired his straightforwardness.,.,3. undertake vt. (unde

33、rtook; undertaken) 着手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。 The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然, 这个过程很难实施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科学家从事这项实验。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。,.,完成下列句子。 1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。 2) He will _ _ _

34、 next month (去旅行). 3) He _ _ _ _. (承担一项新任务),undertook,undertook a new task,undertake a jorney,.,4. pay off (事业、计划等) 成功; 付清薪水并 解雇; 偿还(债务等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。 In the end he paid off all hi

35、s debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。 pay back 报答; 报复,.,用介词back, off, to,填空： 1) -Your effort is sure to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement. 2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground. 3) How can I pay you _ for all your kindness? 4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid

36、_ all our debts.,off,to,back,off,.,contain v. 包含, 含有 2) needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词 短语作后置定语, 修饰其前面的名词 genes, 构成动宾搭配关系。,5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。,.,辨析: contain 与 include contain “包含, 含有”, 侧重于包含的内容或 成分, “里面装有”;

37、include “包括”, 侧重范围或整体。 e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.,contains,contains,including,.,6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity. 从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。,1) using electricity 为现在分词

38、短语作方式状语。 2) 联手, 携手 参加活动 和某人一起做事 参军, 连起来,join hands,join in sth. / doing sth,join sb. in sth.,join up,.,take part in 指参加某项活动, 并以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用； join “加入”团体或组织； join in 指参加活动和游戏； join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事； attend 参加会议 (听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼),辨析: take part in, join, join in 与 attend,.,7. The fact that she se

39、emed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着, 这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语 从句。同位语从句可由when/ where/ how/ why/ that/ whether等词引导。先行词多半是idea/ fact / news/hope/ belief/ thought/ doubt/question等。 同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后, 用以说明 抽象名词的具体内容, 有时为了保持句子的 平衡, 同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。 如: Soon wor

40、d came that we won.,.,8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中, 副词then放于句首, 主语是名词“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语 从句, 句子用了倒装语序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 辽宁)A. stand many lakesB. lie man

41、y lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand,B,.,disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱, 使不安, 弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的, 动乱的, 不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。 特别提示: 现在分词表示: 令人怎么样 过去分词表示: 被使得怎么样, 感到怎么样,.,如: an interesting story 令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感

42、到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们,用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。 1) Im very _ about Alice. 2) Dont _ the papers on my desk. 3) This country is in a _ state. 4) What _ news it is! 5) A light wind _ the surface of the water.,disturbed,disturb,disturbing,disturbing,disturbed,.,9. cast down 使沮丧; 毁掉

43、(常用于被动语态或 作表语) Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病 更容易在年老的羊身上。 不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！ Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. cast away 丢弃 cast off 放弃; 丢弃 cast out 赶走,.,1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _ 2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _,He was

44、cast down to hear the news.,Finding out the truth made him cast down.,将下列句子译成英语。,.,10. altogether 和 all together 及 together 1) altogether adv. 总共, 完全地, 总之, 总而言之 You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect. 2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一时间 Can you put your books all together in this box

45、? 3) together adv. 在一起, 共同地 All his trouble seemed to come together. Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man. A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhow,B,.,11. object v. forbidden) 禁止, 不许, 妨碍, 阻止 Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安, 有许多

46、政府禁止对克隆的研究。 Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共场所应禁止吸烟。 Her father forbid her to go out alone. 她父亲不许她单独外出。 I forbid you entering my study. 我不许你进入我的书房。,.,forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事与forbid 结构相同的词有：permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允许某人做某事/允许做某事；

47、allow sb. to do / allow doing sth 允许某人做某事/允许做某事；advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建议某人做某事/建议做某事,.,1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止学生吸烟). 2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (进入这个房间). 3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject again.A. mentioning B. to mention C. mention D. mentioned,forbids the studen