名词性从句——主语从句和宾语从句

1、unit 19 lesson one grammar 名词性从句主语从句和宾语从句,名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (noun clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,主语从句（subject clause）,在句子中做主语的是句子，不是某个（些）名词。 why he refused to work with you is still a mystery. whoever comes is welcome. that

2、 he is still alive is surprising. who will attend the meetings are unknown. 主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,what this means is that they make sure you should set achievable targets is what you should first. how he finished writing the letter in such a short time is unknown. that he always serves the people very

3、well is known. 引导主语从句连词有that, how, whether, who,what,whatever等 连词that引导主语从句时，绝对不可以省略。,（1）that he will win the match is certain. it is certain that he will win the match. （2 ）how he has made a very important discovery is a mystery. it is a mystery how he has made a very important discovery. （3）where

4、they will hold a meeting is uncertain. it is uncertain where they will hold a meeting. 为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在句首位置，真正主语搁置于句末,if he left (or not) is unknown. whether he left (or not) is unknown. if （译为“如果”）不能用在主语从句的句首，而是用whether,实战演练 （主从）,宾语从句 object clause,i know him . 2. i know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,

5、（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句。,lin tao feels that his own team is even better. she says that she wont take part in the sports meeting next sunday. jim thought the train was like a big moving party.,当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任

6、何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略,im sorry (that) i dont know . were sure (that) our team will win . im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam . he was worried about how he could get there.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句. 介词后面的句子也是宾从。,1 lily wanted to know if /whethe

7、r her grandma liked the handbag . 2 lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city . 3 she asked me if /whether she could borrow these books or not . 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能用whether而不用if,i knew he lives here . i know he lived here ten years ago . i have heard that he will come to

8、morrow,如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ， 现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,the teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,when will he go to the library? his brother asks whe

9、n he will go to the library . his brother asks when will he go to the library .,what does he want to buy ? i dont know what he wants to buy . i dont know what does he want to buy .,who are we going to meet ? can you tell me who are we going to meet ? can you tell me who we are going to meet ?,宾语从句的语

10、序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,we thought it strange that xiao wang did not come yesterday. he has made it clear that he will not give in. we think it strange that she didnt go to school today. it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语, 真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“should +动词原形”结构, should 可以省略。这类动词有: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。如： i suggest