嘉兴海思外语小讲堂：托福考试语法要点(虚拟语气).ppt

1、托福语法之虚拟语气,什么是虚拟语气？,虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。,1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,表现在,If he were free, he would help us. If he studied at this school, he would know you well. The Smiths _(have) a lovely garden if they did some work in it. If I learnt to swim,I _(feel) safer in the water. Peter _ (be)a rich man

2、 today if he had been more careful in the past. If the plane crashed,we _(kill),练习,If I _(be) you, I should study English. If he _(have),he would attend the meeting. Mr.Brown _ (buy)a house if he had enough money.,表过去,If you _(come) yesterday, you_(meet)him. If the child hadnt been so tired,he_(not

3、fall) asleep so quickly. It _(be) a good match if it hadnt rained. If Mother _(know) you were coming,shed have baked some cakes.,表将来,If he should go to QingHua University, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.,练习,If you _(come) tommorow,we would have

4、 the meeting. If it _(rain) tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If I were to do this work,I _(do) it in my own way.,if的省略,当从句中有were,had should ,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒装形式 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. Were she here, she would agree with us. Had she more money, she would dress

5、fashionably. Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had she listened more carefully,she wouldnt have made so many mistakes.,2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句,错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致） If you had taken the medicine,you would feel better now. If he were leaving,you would have heard about it.,练习,If he had taken my advice,he

6、 _ (be) scientist now.,一些特殊的虚拟条件句,虚拟条件句中可含有陈述语气的从句 If it were not for that fact that you are ill, I would ask you to do this right now. If I had known that he as not at home, I would not have called on him.,一些特殊的虚拟条件句,含蓄条件句 有时，虚拟 由without，with,under,引导的介词短语 Without air, there would be no living thin

7、gs. Without your help, I wouldnt have succeeded. 分词短语 This same thing,happening in wartime, would amount to diaster. Born in better times,he would have been a scholar. 不定式短语 To hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.,连词but,but that（若不是）,or 或otherwise. 主句（虚拟）+but/but that +从句（陈述）

8、主句（陈述）+or/otherwise+从句（虚拟） It would be a mistake not to help him,but I really dont know the answer. He would have given you more help,but he was so busy. She eats too much every day,or she would be thinner. He is not a careful driver;otherwise he wouldnt have had that accident.,练习,But for John, we _

9、 (lose)the match last week. But for your help,I _(find) the place.,有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。,3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用,1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一

10、个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 四个建议：advise, suggest, propose，recommend 五个要求：urgedemandrequirerequestdesire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we(shoul

11、d) start right away. We insisted that she (should) go with us.,练习,My uncle suggested that I _(get) a job in a bank. They insisted that a meeting _(be held)as soon as possbile.,2.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal,demand, request, desire ,requ

12、irement,idea,wish,etc.,My idea is that he (should) do exercises first. Our decision is that the we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. There have been demands that they be given more free time.,3.主语从句中有表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此还有以上虚拟语气词的衍生词都用虚拟。 It is necessary,important that we (should)+动词原形 natuarl, de

13、sirable advisable,starnge urgent, preferable It as no wonder that we (should)+动词原形 a shame a pity It is desired , suggested that we (should)+动词原形 decided,proposed requested,ordered recommended,练习,it is essential that evert child _（have) the same educational opportunities. Its necessary that a studen

14、t _(learn)English well.,4.Its (high) time 后的从句的虚拟 Its (high) time we left (should leave). It is about time your baby could walk.,5.定语从句的虚拟 Any body who should do that would be laughed at. =If anybody should do that, he would be laughed at. A man who stopped working would amount to nothing. =If a man

15、 stooped working,he would amount to nothing.,6.wish/if only的虚拟 wish/if only之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。,1）表现在,I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you were here. I wish I had mroe free time. If only I were a bird.,2）过去,I wish I had taken your advice If only I had taken his advice.

16、 I wish I could have gone to the movie with you yesterday. I wish your father could have been there to see it all.,3)现在或将来,I wish you would agree with me . If only the rain would stop. I wish I could dance,练习,I wish she _(come) to see my parents more often.(将来） She often wishes that she _ (can ride)

17、a horse.(过去） I wish the train _ (arrive) already;then I could have got home before breakfast.（过去）,7.在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。 It looks as if it might rain.现在 He talks to me as thought I were a child.现在 He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.过去,8. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气 amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should