4语序的转换(1).ppt

1、语序的转换 Order of the Sentence,Place of attributive 1.1 before the noun 古老的中原文化 The time-honored Central Plain Culture 举世闻名的万里长城 The world-famous Great Wall,农林牧副渔布局合理、全面发展、能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业。 a developed agricultural system with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming, forestry,

2、 animal husbandry, side occupations and fisheries meeting the needs of the people and of an expanding industry,1.2单词作定语所修饰的名词是由some, any, every, no等构成的复合代词时，定语可后置。 他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作。 He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work. 今天报上有什么重要消息吗？ Is there anything important in todays paper?,1.2通常作表

3、语的形容词，用作定语时必须后置。例如： 他是当今最伟大的诗人。 He is the greatest poet alive. 到场的来宾中有一些外国记者。 The guests present included a few foreign newsmen.,1.3某些固定词组中，单词定语放在所修饰的词的后面。 军事法庭 Court Martial （联合国）秘书长 Secretary General (of the U.N.) （世界卫生组织）总干事 Director-General (of the WHO) 当选（而尚未就职的）总统 The president elect,1.4某些以-ib

4、le或-able结尾的形容词用作定语，与every, the only，或形容词最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，也常放在所修饰的名词之后。,我们一定要用一切可能的办法来帮助他们。 We must help them in every way possible. (in every possible way) 这是这儿能找到的唯一参考书。 This is the only reference book available here. 这是能想得出的最好解决办法。 This is the best solution imaginable.,1.5某些分词用作定语时，也须后置。 他们收下了赠送的礼物，十

5、分高兴。 They were very glad to have accepted the presents offered. 他要求有关人员都积极参加这项工作。 He urged those concerned to take an active part in the work. 想去的人请站起来好吗？ Will those wishing to go stand up?,1.6某些表示位置、方向的副词用作定语时，也可放在所修饰的名词之后 这儿的书很好看。 The books here are very interesting. 这是唯一的出路。 This is the only way

6、out.,1.7 order of attributive Opshacom中p代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful，nice等； sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，round, 等； a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，等； c代表colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black 等； o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，等； m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal等。 如a nice long new black British plastic pen 限

7、定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠； 一张引人注目的小的圆形的旧的棕色法国的橡木制的写字台 a charming small round old brown French oak writing desk 好美小高状奇新，颜色国料特别亲。,社会主义的现代化 强国 a modern, powerful socialist country 1949年解放以前，中国人民曾经遭受世界罕见的恶性通货膨胀的灾祸。 Before liberation in 1949 The Chinese people suffered from some of the worst inflati

8、on the world had ever known.,中国现存规模最大保存最完好的古代建筑群 The best-preserved magnificent ancient architectural complexes in China 山东曲阜是中国古代著名的思想家、教育家孔子的故乡 Qufu, Shandong Province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a famous ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.,1.8 appositive as attributive in translation 这是我们学校

9、的校长钱先生。 This is Mr. Qian, director of our college. 陪同贵宾的有国务院副总理某某某 The distinguished guests were accompanied by so-and-so, Vice-premier of the State Council, ,2.Place of adverbial 2.1 order of adverbial 汉语句子中同时含有时间状语和地点状语，时间状语一般放在地点状语之前。英语则相反，通常把时间状语放在地点状语之后。,我们得早点到达那里。 We have to be there earlier.

10、这部电影我是去年夏天在武汉看的。 I saw the film in Wuhan last summer.,2.3 除了地点状语和时间状语外，如果还有方式状语，在汉语里的顺序通常是：时间、地点、方式。而英语则一般是：方式、地点、时间或者比较灵活。,大会将于今年八月在北京隆重开幕。 The meeting will begin ceremoniously in Beijing the following August. 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。 He reads hard in the library every evening.,他们很细心地观察化学的变化。 They observed th

11、e chemical reaction carefully. They observed carefully the chemical reaction. 他们肩并肩地以疯狂的速度向那座石塔奔去。 They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda. Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda. Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the ston

12、e pagoda.,3、同一个句子里如果有两个以上的时间状语或地点状语，汉语一般是把代表较小单位的状语放得靠后一些，把代表较大单位的状语放得靠前一些。英语的习惯则又恰恰相反，汉译英时需要变换其位置。,设在位于纽约市中心一座摩天大厦第四十层楼里的那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works.,2.4 汉译英时，有时为了强调，把译文中的状语移至主语之前，即放在句首。 青年团在党的领导下，积极参加各方面的革命工

13、作，作出了很大成绩。 Under the Partys leadership, the Youth League has been active in every field of revolutionary work and has a great deal to its credit.,（四）在汉语里，一个句子如果有两个状语，通常连在一起放在句子之中。英语则不然，往往是把两个状语分别放在句首和句末，或分别放在句首和主语后，以免句子出现头重脚轻的不平衡现象。,在机器中很多能量是由于部件之间的摩擦而损失的。 In a machine a great deal of energy is lost

14、 because of the friction between its parts.,3、other parts in the sentence 一个句子中，有几个并列的词语时，其含义常有轻重、强弱之分。汉语的位置排列，一般是把重的、强的词语放在前面，把轻的弱的词语放在后面。英语则恰巧相反，越是重的、强的，越要排在后面。翻译时就得按照英语的排列法变换其位置。,马可波罗的中国之行， 给他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his t

15、rip to China.,汉英两种语言中，都有一些并列结构的词语，已经形成各自固定的语序，互不相同。在翻译这些并列结构的词语时，须遵从英文的惯例，进行必要的调整，不可受原文的束缚。,钢铁工业 the iron and steel industry. 敌我矛盾 contradictions between ourselves and the enemy 血肉相连 as close as flesh and blood 水火不容 as incompatible as fire and water 南征北战 fight north and south,一定要分清敌我。 We must draw a

16、 clear distinction between ourselves and the enemy. 衣食住行 food, clothing, shelter and transportation 无论晴雨 rain or shine,新老干部应彼此尊重。 Cadres, old and new, must respect each other. 汉语习惯说“南北”、“西南”、“东北”，而英语则说north and south, south-west, north-east,3.句间的语序调整 就句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对较固定，一般按先因后果、语序与时序一致的顺序排列。而英语则较灵

17、活，语序与时序常不一致。 女主人已经离开人世，在没有人喂它了。它好像已经意识到这一点。 He must have been aware that nobody was going to feed him after the death of his mistress.,我来到厦门中学教书 ，完全是一种意外收获。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher at Xiamen Middle School. 几十年来，我经常想到他，直到今天，我一想到他，还会不由自主地流下眼泪。 He has been in

18、my mind for decades. Even today, I cannot restrain my tears whenever I think of him.,哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。 Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students. The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained ac

19、ademic exchanges with this university. 父母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿， 但很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.,练习题 这几篇专为大学生编写的最新实用翻译讲稿，在理论指导和技巧指导上有许多特点。 These up-to- date practical lectures on translation specially written for college students have ma

20、ny features in theoretical and technical direction. 差不多同时开放的几千朵红玫瑰，使这座公园在春季吸引了许多游人。 Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.,他们最近的成就表明它们所取得的巨大进步。 你最好还是询问那些消息灵通人士。 公报谈到双方在所讨论的一切问题上都取得了一致的意见。,Lets meet at Old Lis the day

21、 after tomorrow. The meeting was held in Room 203 at about sever yesterday evening. We had a celebration in the Peoples Great Hall on May Day.,画蛇添足 楚有祠者，赐其舍人卮酒。舍人相谓曰：“数人饮之不足，一人饮之有余；请画地为蛇，先 成者饮酒。”一人蛇先成，引酒且饮之；乃左手持卮，右手画蛇，曰：“吾能为之足”未成，一人之蛇成，夺其卮曰：“蛇固无足，子安能为之足！”遂饮其酒。,1. Adding Feet to a Snake while Drawing

22、 it A native of Chu after worshipping his ancestors gave his retainers a pot of wine. One of the retainers said: “Its insufficient for all of us, but too much for one of us. I suggest, therefore, that we draw snakes on the ground, and the one who first finishes drawing the snake will win the pot of

23、wine.”,When one retainer had completed his drawing, he took the pot to drink. As he held it in his left hand, he continued to draw the snake with his right hand, saying: “I can add feet to it.” While he was adding feet to his snake, another man who had then drawn his snake snatched the pot from his hand, protesting: “No snake has feet. How can you add feet to it? ” Then he drank the wine. (by Qian Gechuan,136words),2. Supplying Feet to a Painted Snake,After offering sacrifices to his ancestors, a man in t