unit-3-Thinking-for-yourself.ppt

1、,Thinking for Yourself,Watch the video clip and answer the following questions. What do you think of the teachers in the movie, especially Mr. Keating, the one who teaches poetry? Do you like him ? Why or why not?,Warming Up,Group discussion 1. What is your understanding of “Thinking for yourself”?

2、2. Is it important to think for yourself？Why or why not? 3. How do you learn to think for yourself？ 4. Is it possible to teach someone to think for themselves?,Read the following statement quoted from The Analects of Confucius. If one learns from others but does not think, one will be bewildered. If

3、, on the other hand, one thinks but does not learn from others, one will be imperilled. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。,Warming Up,Read another statement quoted from Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher. Passive acceptance of the teachers wisdom is easy to most boys and girls. It involves no effort of independent

4、 thought, and seems rational because the teacher knows more than his pupils. Yet the habit of passive acceptance is a disastrous one in later life.,Warming Up,Education is not the filling of a vessel, but the kindling of a flame. - Socrates,Warming Up,Memory game,Are you smart at memory?,Look at the

5、 following words for 30 seconds and see how many words you can remember. Writing is not allowed.,More,Memory game,Group work: Discuss the methods you have used to remember these words.,Alphabet,Recombination,Imagery,Translation,Grouping,Alphabet,A,B,C,F,M,O,R,Algebra, Astronomy,Bombard,chilly,Frustr

6、ation,Manacle,Overwhelm,Recall, Refreshing,Alphabet,Back,Grouping,Contrast: frustration/refreshing,Grouping,Attributes,Meaning,Subject: algebra/astronomy,n.: algebra, astronomy, frustration, manacle v.: bombard, overwhelm, recall adj.: chilly, refreshing,Parts of speech,Back,Recombination,Recombinat

7、ion,Construct a sentence by combining “chilly, manacle, frustration”.,Kings speech I Have A Dream reminds me of the frustration of those American slaves, crippled by the manacles of discrimination in the chilly winter.,More,Imagery,1. Visual images,2. Body language/personal acts,Imagery,bombard,astr

8、onomy,overgrown,manacle,chilly,More,Imagery,3. Mental picture of the situation in which the word might be used,Imagery,Back,Family broken,Fail again,No job, no money,Frustration,Text Comprehension, Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it. Choose the best answer to the questi

9、ons on page 32.,Argumentation,Regarded with suspicion,Evaluation,Step 1: Every step of real progress in our society has come from it.P.2,It should be popular.,Step 2: But In most circles thinking for yourself is regarded with suspicion. P.2,Unpopular,Step 3: Anecdote(轶事)P.3,Step 4: Rhetorical questi

10、ons P. 4,Sad fact,Sighing for the dearth,Step 5: Hardly anyone has been encourage, much less trained.P. 5,The dearth should not surprise us.,Back,Narration,Occasionally encouraged,Evaluation,Step 1: Anecdote-A mentor wants to develop our own thinking P.6-19,A radical story,Step 2: Conclusion P.20,Sh

11、e at least introduced the concept into my academic life.,Starting point: Hardly anyone has been encouraged, much less trained. P.6,Occasionally,Back,Text organization,Thinking for yourself is still a radical act.,Occasionally encouraged,Regarded with suspicion,click,click,Evaluation,Thesis statement

12、,Evaluation,(Para 1-5)Argumentation,Narration(Para 6-20),Reading beyond words(exercise 8 Page 33),1. Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be. (Para. 2) 2. I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest asked my the subject of a book I was planning to writ

13、e.(Para. 3) 3. For that matter, when was the last time somebody asked you, “what do you really think, really?” and then waited for you to answer at length?(Para. 4) 4. We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not

14、unmitigated encouragement.(Para. 5) 5. I remembered my hand gathering sweat around the pencil.(Para. 8),Identifying hidden meaning,Identifying hidden meaning,click,1. Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be.(Para. 2),Read the following sentences and identify the hidden m

15、eaning.,Whose opinion does “though it should be” refer to?,It refers to the authors opinion who think that thinking for yourself should be popular and who hopes to share her opinion with readers.,More,Identifying hidden meaning,click,2. I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest

16、asked my the subject of a book I was planning to write.(Para. 3),What is sad? What does this choice of word tell us?,Sad refers back to “thinking for yourself is seen as dangerous”.,More,By using a negative adj., the author shows her disapproval toward this attitude.,Identifying hidden meaning,3. Fo

17、r that matter, when was the last time somebody asked you, “what do you really think, really?” and then waited for you to answer at length?(Para. 4),What answer does the writer expect from this question?,The writer expects an answer of “rarely” because she has been indicating that thinking for yourse

18、lf is not encouraged and even seen as dangerous.,click,More,Identifying hidden meaning,click,4. We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement.(Para. 5),Is this an example of the main argum

19、ent or does it contradict it?,Socrates is a great Greek thinker who is poisoned for his way of teaching people to think for themselves. So this is a specific example to support the argument.,click,5. I remembered my hand gathering sweat around the pencil.(Para. 8),How do you think the writer is feel

20、ing?,The writer is scared and nervous.,1. When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words “to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves?” (Para 4) 2. We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but

21、 we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement. (Para5) 3. Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learned even more powerfully what it mean

22、t to do our own thinking. (Para19),Difficult sentences,Difficult sentence 1,When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words “to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves?” (Para 4),此句为 when 引导的特殊疑问句，包含三个定语从句

23、: 其中 you saw 和 that included the words 两个定语从句共同修饰 the last organizational vision statement, in which everyone 修饰 a model environment. organizational vision: a description of a plan for the future of an organization/company, which is meant to inspire its members 机构愿景,“在我们周围逐渐创造一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间

24、。”你最后一次看到包含上述字眼的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候？,Difficult sentence 2,We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement. (Para5),revere: to have a lot of respect and admiration for sb. or sth. 尊敬，崇敬 e.g. an ideo

25、logy he once d but ultimately rejected 他一度崇敬但最终抛弃的思想 unmitigated: adj. used for emphasizing how bad or unpleasant sth. is 全然的，十足的 e.g. Last nights performance was an unmitigated disaster. 昨晚的演出真是糟糕透了。,我们可能早就知道应该尊敬像苏格拉底那样的思想家，可是我们也知道，因为独立思考，他所在的城市毒死了他。这可绝不是给予他的毫无保留的支持与鼓励。,Socrates,a great Greek philo

26、sopher; one of the founders of Western Philosophy; condemned to death for corruption of the young and neglect of the gods. ideas recorded in The Dialogues of Plato,苏格拉底 (469BC-399BC),More,Socrates,Appreciation,By all means, marry. If you get a goodwife, youll become happy; if you get a bad one, youl

27、l become a philosopher. Socrates,Contentment is natural wealth, luxury is artificial poverty. Socrates,Difficult sentence 3,Had she affirmed our intelligence first and spoken about the joy of thinking for ourselves, had she not fanned our fear of her, we would all have learned even more powerfully w

28、hat it meant to do our own thinking. (Para19),此句为典型的虚拟语气，包含以had +主语+动词完成时态+其它 为条件句的两个并置结构。 affirm: v. to state sth. is true or you agree with, esp. publicly (尤指公开地)断言，肯定 e.g. The school ed its commitment to its students. 学校公开声明了对学生的承诺。 fan: v. make a feeling or belief stronger 煽动，激发 e.g. A speech wh

29、ich ed the flames of hatred 激起仇恨火焰的愤怒,要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们将独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。,Language Points,1. radical 2. suspicion 3. glimpse 4. lean 5. prevalent,1. on purose 2. for that matter 3. at length,radical (Para. 1),far beyond the norm; markedly new or introducing radical chan

30、ge. 1. 激进的，极端的；2. 彻底的, 完全的 Translate the following sentences. 1.他的激进思想很可能会在会上引起激烈的争论。 His radical ideas are likely to produce fireworks at the meeting 2. There is no radical cure for cancer. 现在还没有根治癌症的办法。,More,Identify the meaning of collocations.,Radical reductions of weapons,radical,radical ideas/

31、 ideology,radical reform,a fire-eating radical,radical,保守的 conservative,基本的 fundamental, vital,激进主义者 Radical, extremists,激进的变革,咄咄逼人的激进主义者,大规模的裁减军备,激进的观点/意识形态,Identify more expressions relevant to “radical”.,中立的, 温和的 neutral, mild,Back,Suspicion (Para. 2),a feeling that sb. has done sth. wrong 怀疑 Com

32、plete the sentences. _ still hung over the White House. 白宫上空仍笼罩着一团疑云。 An ordinary man suddenly fell _, and just as abruptly cleared again. 一个普通人突然遭到怀疑，而又同样突然地再次变得清白无辜。,A cloud of suspicion,under suspicion,More,Back,doubt: 指对事物的真、假有怀疑。suspicion: 语气较强，指对某人做某事的目的、意图有怀疑， 或认为某人做错事，但无确凿证据而产生怀疑。distrust: 泛

33、指对某人某事不信任而感到怀疑。uncertainty: 侧重指对某事或选择等需作决定时的迟疑不决。,They were divided by mutual suspicion and jealousies,Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1. They were divided by mutual _ and jealousies. 2. If I feel any _, I inquire. 3. Their _ of civilian politicians made early elections highly unlikel

34、y. 4. He was examined on (the) _ of being an enemy agent (敌特). 5. It is the _ that charms one. 模棱两可才动人。,suspicion/distrust,doubt,distrust,suspicion,uncertainty,Back,glimpse (Para. 6),an occasion when you see sth. or sb. for a moment 一瞥 Translate the following sentences. 1. 他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了。 He caught

35、a glimpse of her before she vanished into the crowd. A glimpse of her face will tell you that she is innocent. 你只要一看见她的脸就会明白，她是无辜的。,More,get/catch a glimpse of,at a glimpse,glimpse (v.) at ,a brief glimpse of ,Identify the meaning of following collocations.,简要概述 瞥见 一瞥之间 瞥见,Synonym glance：take a glan

36、ce at,Back,lean (Para. 8),To move the body so it is closer to sb./sth. or stand at an angle against sth./sb. 探身、弯腰、斜靠 Identify the collocations about “lean”.,lean,lean,lean,探身，弯腰，屈身,forward back towards across,倾斜，斜靠,against on,其它,on/upon 依靠 Toward/on 倾向于,Back,prevalent (Para. 12),very common in a pa

37、rticular place or among a particular group 盛行的，普遍的 Convert the underlined parts with appropriate expressions.,普遍舆论,流行，多发,普遍,1. The prevalent opinion is in favour of reform.,2. Malaria（疟疾 ） is still prevalent among the population here.,3. They regard rule by officials (吏治) to be the most prevalent fo

38、rm of government in modern society.,Back,More,Prevail v.,盛行，流行；2. 获胜，占优势 Translate the following sentences. 这种式样仍在流行。 2. Sadness prevailed in our mind. 我们的心中充满悲痛。 3. Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished. 正义得到伸张, 罪犯受到惩罚。,This fashion still prevails.,Back,on purpose (Para. 2),delibe

39、rately 故意的 Translate the following sentences. 1. I had shut my eyes, I confused myself on purpose to deaden the pain. 为了减轻痛苦，我闭上双眼，故意以为这是幻象。 2.男人的衣着应该是随意和自然的，不需要刻意装扮。 A man ought to look like hes put together by accident, not added up on purpose.,Back,for that matter (Para. 4),for that matter: (spok

40、en) used to emphasize that something else is also true, and to add a comment on what has just been said. 口对同样如此，而且 e.g. 1. In fact, the air quality of a house has a great deal to do with childrens health, and adults health for that matter. 事实上，室内空气质量与儿童的健康密切相关，当然与成 人的健康也有关系。 2. 他从来不沾啤酒，对任何别的酒也是如此。 H

41、e never touched beer, or any kind of alcohol for that matter.,Back,at length(Para. 4),after a long time 最终 Translate the following sentences. 1. At length a low cry of pain broke the stillness that prevailed. 后来，一声痛苦的呻吟划破了周围的沉寂。 经过了好一番的批评，异议和耽搁之后，那座塔终于完成了。 After innumerable comments, dissent, and de

42、lays, the tower was at length completed.,Back,Summarising,“Thinking for oneself” means considering facts and making decisions for oneself, instead of depending on someone elses judgment or _ . Every step of _ in our society has come from it, yet thinking for ourselves is still a _ act. In most circles, espec