专四完型填空解析

1、共20小题，10分。在一篇长度为250词左右的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。,命题形式,语法知识 从句、平行结构、比较结构等 词汇知识 词义辨析、固定搭配、语义衔接等 语篇知识 逻辑关系、上下文推理、语篇衔接等,考查要点,完形填空综合了词汇、结构以及阅读理解部分的测试内容。它不仅测试应试者在词汇和句子水平上运用语言的能力，还测试应试者在语篇上综合运用语言结构的能力。完形填空中所填的词是与文章的上下文紧密联系的。因此，要做好完形填空，必须要在通读全文、把握结构与大意的前提下，根据所提供的选项及句子的结构、语法、语篇等

2、信息，通过逻辑推理、对比等手段最后确定答案。在做完形填空时，一般采取以下五个步骤逐一进行。,解题思路,步骤一、了解大意 所谓了解大意即通读整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和结构，确立正确的背景知识，为正式的填空做好充分的准备。很多考生担心自己的阅读水平差，有的甚至碰到空格的地方就莫名的紧张了，认为阅读一篇满是空格的文章必然无功而返，与其这样浪费时间，倒不如看一句，填一空。其实，这就陷入了一个误区。要知道，短文中的空格不是随便就去掉的，从考察应试者语言的综合能力这一可信度而言， 完形填空在出题时有这样一条原则：去掉20个空格后不会影响考生对文章大意的了解。所以，考生在正式填空前，大可不必为理解上的障碍而

3、省略了这至关重要的一步。 此外，考生在第一遍阅读中，要善于从文章开头的几句话中把握短文的背景、主题或结构，并结合常识判断构建一定的预期，并在随后的阅读中，不断修正，以求与原文一致。通常情况下，文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想，考生在阅读中一定要仔细研读，为后面的阅读扫清障碍。,Many people who are rich are also well known. Ted Swiney was an exception. Biography Ted, rich, not well known,“抓头”,步骤二、初选答案 在填每个空格时，可以从出题者的出

4、题思路着手，初步作出每个题的答案。总的来说，出题人有以下六种出题思路：,（一）词义与词形辨析。 选项与选项之间构成同义词、反义词、形近词的关系。有时出题者也借助选项，考察考生对某些单词词义的精确理解。 As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 43 , with display becoming sharper and storage 44 increasing. 44. A abilityB capabilityC capaci

5、tyD faculty It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 38 within which we now live. 38. A)context B)range C) scope D)territory （ 排除同义词）,（二）逻辑关系。所填空格的句子，与上下文构成指代、列举、因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系。 考查副词、连词。“由整体解决部分” It is (generally) recognized,

6、39 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, , (radically) changed the process, ( 41 its impact on the media was not immediately 42 ). 39. A indeedB henceC howeverD therefore 41. A unlessB sinceC lestD although,连+（冠+副+行）+名+动+（冠+副+行）+名 -副-,介,(三)结构识别。这里讲到的结构，是指英文中表祯句子结构的固定词组，如

7、 notonlybut,aswell,sometheothers,neithernor, eitheror, whetheror, rather than, begin with, when it comes to, such that, it + be + a. + (for sb.) to do sth. 等。 考查连词、介词。“由整体解决部分” It was (during the same) time that the communications revolution 35 up, (beginning with transport, the railway, and leading

8、 36 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 37 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane). 36. A onB outC overD off 37. A ofB forC beyondD into,(四) 固定搭配 动词、名词、形容词语小品词（介词、副词）的相互搭配或实词之间的相互搭配。 It was during the same time that the communications revolution 35 up,

9、 beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 36 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 37 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. 35. A gatheredB speededC workedD picked following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 34 of the period

10、ical. 34. A processB companyC lightD form Not everyone sees that process in 38 . It is important to do so. 38. A conceptB dimensionC effectD perspective,（五） 语义衔接 通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义、互补、整体与部分等关系使语篇连贯顺畅，结构完整，符合逻辑关系。 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the

11、diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 31 . 31. A betweenB beforeC sinceD later As was discussed before, it was not 32 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 33 , 33. A meansB methodC mediumD measure As time went by, computers beca

12、me smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 43 , 43. A institutionalB universalC fundamentalD instrumental,（六） 常识知识 如果考生对文章题材非常熟悉，具有丰富的相关背景知识，则只需运用背景知识即可得出正确答案，不需要花费太多时间去研究上下文和分析词汇、语法项目。 It is generally recognized, 39 , that the introduction of the computer in the early

13、20th century, 40 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 40. A broughtB followedC stimulatedD characterized,排除法 获得正确答案。研究发现，在完形填空部分，特别是在考察关联词的测试中，利用一种叫“同性元素排除法”的方法能够快速地缩小可选范围，找到正确答案。 “IntheUnitedStatesprofessorshavemanyotherduties1 teaching,suchasa

14、dministrativeorresearchwork.2,thetimethataprofessorcanspendwithastudentoutsideofclassis limited.” 1.A)butB)except C)withD)besides 2.A)HoweverB)Therefore C)FurthermoreD)Nevertheless,（一）研究句子构成 （二）研究连词提示 For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 84

15、 of time spent in supermarkets or 85 to purchase products。 83. A) step B) speed C) band D) volume,连+（冠+副+行）+名+动+（冠+副+行）+名 -副-,介,（三）运用整体解决部分的思想 Moods appear to be 82 influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and 83 of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the 84

16、 of time spent in supermarkets or 85 to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers moods which, in 86, are capable of influencing consumers reactions to products。 82. A) readily B) rarely C) cautiously D) currently,步骤三、寻找线索 从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文找出答案 有些题从单纯的句子来考虑，我们会发现四个选项均可以入选，

17、但从上下文的线索入手， 步骤四、回头补缺 在做题时，如果有的难题一时做不出来，应立刻跳过此题，继续往下做。不提倡考生在某一题上花费大量的时间。随着空格变得越来越少，对文章的理解也越来越轻松，有时就能从下文的线索和暗示中找到答案。 步骤五、核实答案 题目填完后（除个别难度较大的题目外），考生应利用一到两分钟将答案带入原文通读，通读的目的是通过“语感”来核实答案。这样读下来，不仅可以改正填错的词，而且还可以在这一过程中得到启发，把做不上来的题目填出来。,复习要点 1、过好词汇关 1. 词根词缀 2. 词组拓展 3. 近义词串联 4. 联想记忆,复习要点 2、全面掌握语法知识 虚拟语气 # 非谓语动

18、词 一致性 句子结构（平行结构、比较结构、倒装结构） 特殊句型（强调句、省略句） 复合句,虚拟语气 1、虚拟语气的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 2、特殊的虚拟语气 should+动词原型，should可省略 It is _

19、that结构中的主语从句中。 suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；important, necessary, natural, strange; a pity, a shame, no wonder 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名

20、词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中。,虚拟语气 3、if only 表示“如果就好了”。 If only the alarm clock had rung. If only he comes early. 4、It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children went to bed. 5、情态动词+ have done结构 neednt have done 过去不必做某事,

21、但事实上做了。 might have done 对过去发生的事情进行肯定推断 couldnt have done 对过去发生的事情进行否定推断,虚拟语气 6、as if / as thought 可以用来陈述事实，也可以用来表示假设。 7、would rather/sooner, had rather 引导的从句中需要用虚拟语气，动词形式与虚拟条件从句相同。 Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being. (与现在事实相反) 8、lest, for fear that, in case引导的从句多用“should+动词原

22、型”。 I keep some candle in the house in case that electric power should fail. 9、without，but for，otherwise，or，but that，given，provided，supposing，were it not for等表示含蓄的虚拟条件句。 Given me more time, I would have worked out a more perfect scheme. But for your help, I would havent finished the work on time. In

23、 the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.,Revision 1. There is another _ to this problem which you havent mentioned. A) concept B) dimension C) effect D) perspective 2. The only _ explanation is that he forgot. A) apparent B) negative C) plausible D) fundamental 3. The job is

24、great _ salary, but it has its disadvantages. A) by means of B) in line with C) in terms of D) in company with 4. Marys parents refused their _ to her marriage. A) consent B) insurance C) tolerance D) awareness 5. Passing the English examination should _ your chances of getting the post. A) strengthen B) accommodate C) stimulate D) enhance 6. After practicing for such a long time, she has achieved great _ at typing. A) responsibility B) efficiency C) proficiency