U1P4 Grammar.ppt

1、Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I): statements and questions,Unit 1 Grammar,Objective,To learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in statements and questions.,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Look at the following sentences.,1. Teacher: Hi,

2、 Anna. Are these your pencils? (新目标七年级上册U3) 2. Hello, Im Peter. I like to play basketball. (新目标七年级下册U1) 3. Lin Hui: Im going to Tibet for a week. (新目标八年级上册U3),4. She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. (新目标八年级下册U4) 5. “I cant do anything about that,” says Yang Lei, “but I

3、can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.” (新目标八年级下册U4) 6. Your best friend said it was great. (新目标八年级下册U7),7. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. (新目标九年级U1) 8. “Well, I think I should be allowed to make decisions for myse

4、lf,” he says. (新目标九年级U3) 9. On Monday, he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (新目标九年级U8),Sentences from this unit:,She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my

5、friend Kitty.”,Guessing Game,to test your sense of observation to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points,Guess,Find the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.,1. Teacher: Hi, Anna. _ these your pencils? 2. Hello, _ Peter. _ to play

6、 basketball. 3. Lin Hui: _ going to Tibet for a week. 4. She said _ having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.,direct speech,direct speech,direct speech,indirect speech,Are,Im,I like,Im,she was,5. “_ do anything about that,” says Yang Lei, “but _ open up my students eyes to the outside world

7、and give them a good start in life.” 6. Your best friend said _ great. 7. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also _ a little.,direct speech,indirect speech,indirect speech,I cant,I can,it was,helped,8. “Well, _ I should be allowed to make decisions for myself,” he says. 9. On Monday, he

8、 told a radio interviewer that _ run out of money to buy old bikes. 10. She said, “_ to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but _ this diary itself to be my friend, and _ call my friend Kitty.”,direct speech,indirect speech,direct speech,I think,he had,I dont want,I want,I shall

9、,1. I am mad at Marcia. She said _ mad at Marcia. 2. I am having a party for Lana. She said _ a party for Lana.,Fill in the blanks.,she was,she was having,3. I go to the beach every Saturday. He said _ to the beach every Saturday. 4. I will call you tomorrow. He told me _ call _ tomorrow / the next

10、day. 5. I can speak three languages. She said _ speak three languages.,he went,he would,she could,me,以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据 之前练习的考察情 况进一步选择讲解 该语法项的重难点。,“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a

11、 diary.,direct speech,indirect speech,indirect speech,direct speech,“Does a friend always have to be a person?” the writer asks us. The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.,Observe and fill in,Whatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?,Differences,direct speec

12、h,indirect speech,To report what exactly has been said,The words usually appear in quotation marks,To report what has been said without using the exact words,No quotation marks,引语的概念,直接引述别人的原话，叫_;,直接引语,用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。,间接引语,直接引语通常都用_括起来，,引号“ ”,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。,宾语从句,How to change direct speech i

13、nto indirect speech?,Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and place; e. Other cases.,He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.,He said to me, “Ive left my book in y

14、our room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.,b. Change personal pronouns:,I said to her, “I have done my best.”,I told her that I had done my best.,Past continuous,Past perfect,Past perfect,Future in the past,Past perfect,Past perfect con-tinuous,c. The changes of the tenses,Simple pas

15、t,He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.,“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him. Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.,d. Change adverbials of time and place,e. Other cases,She said, “Ill come

16、 here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情况时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said

17、 to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “

18、World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.,4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等 She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,He said, “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to

19、 Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,She said, “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,解题步骤:,1. 陈述句:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her fri

20、ends that she didnt like computers.,Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略。,Tom said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零钱).”,2. 一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked

21、 him),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,3. 特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat? (They asked him),They asked him,when,you harvest the whe

22、at,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,harvested,that引导的名词性从句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether / if引导的名词性从句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-词引导的名词性从句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,由直接引语转变为间接引语, 有时会引起

23、时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面。,从句动词时态不变 She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,一般现在时 “I know it,” he said.,一般过去时 He said that he knew it.,现在进行时 “Im making coffee for you all,” she said.,过去进行时 She said she was making coffee for us all.,现在完成时 “I have seen her before,” said he.,过去完成时 He said

24、he had seen her before.,现在完成进行时 He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”,过去完成进行时 He said he had been doing it for hours.,一般过去时 “I saw her last Monday,” he said.,过去完成时 He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,过去进行时 “I was waiting for Jim,” she said.,过去完成进行时 She said she had been waiting for Jim

25、.,过去完成时 “Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.,过去完成时 Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.,一般将来时 He said, “We shall start tomorrow.”,过去将来时 He said they would start the next day.,Review,1. 直接引语和间接引语的概念。 2. 直接引语和间接引语之间如何 相互转换。

26、 3. 注意人称、时态、指示代词、时 间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。,Individual activity,注: 另附 word 文档。 点击此处链接,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he looked today B. you look today C. we looked that day D. I looked that day,Quiz I: Multiple choice,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through

27、 the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walking then B. you are walking now C .they were walking then D. they walking now,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walked last week B. he had walked that week C. I

28、 walked last week D. he has walked this week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shall tomorrow B. I shall the next day C. he should tomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us

29、_ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were we this B. that we were that C. if were we this D. if we were that,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he heard a week ago B. what he had heard a week before C. what he had heard a week ago D. if he heard a week ago

30、,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will he next time B. would he the next time C. he would the next time D. he will next time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt lef