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1、2010年职称英语考试真题特点分析第一部分 词汇选项(第1-15题, 每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.A. energetic B. physical C. regular D. free2. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. evidence B. danger C. case D. pi
2、cture3. He demolished my argument in minuteA. disproved B. disputed C. accepted D. supported4. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living aloneA. immediate B. great C. equal D. moderate5. I want to provide my boys with a decent educationA. private B. general C.
3、good D. special6. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growthA. attract B. encourage C. requite D. spend7. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison A. critical B. terrible C. necessary D. normal 8. I cant put up with my neighbours noise any longer, it is driving me madA. measure
4、B. generate C. tolerate D. reduce 9. The project required ten years of diligent research A. hardworking B. scientific C. basic D. social 10. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished schoolA. unclear B. bright C. bad D. general 11. In the process, the light energy converts to heat
5、energy.A. changes B. reducesC. leaves D. drops12. Hes spent years cultivating a knowledge of art.A. denying B. using C. sharing D. developing 13. Rodman met with Tarry to try and settle the dispute over his contractA. mark B. involve C. solve D. avoid14. I was shocked when I saw the size of the tele
6、phone billA. surprised B. last C. excited D. angry15. It was a fascinating painting, with clever use of color and lightA. new B. familiar C. large D. wonderful16. She gave up her job and started writing poetryA. lost B. abandoned C. took D. create17. The police took fingerprints and identified the b
7、odyA. discovered B. touched C. missed D. recognized18. I propose that we discuss this at the next meetingA. request B. suggest C. demand D. order第二部分 阅读判断(第12-22题,每题1分, 共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A,;如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。The Writings on the Wall ?Is it art or
8、 is it just vandalism(野蛮行为)?Well, its still a crime, but graffiti (涂鸦)has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag”, TAKI 183, all over the NEW York unde
9、rground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born, hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and dancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city people, who felt left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.An experiment to control
10、the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. “Were planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,” says Liam, one of the organize
11、rs. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. “We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other.” The first site to be chosen was a subway. “Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all
12、 the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again, people can relate to graffiti much more now.” By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of “tagging” on peoples private property.Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a youn
13、g age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didnt spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students. So, at the 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys hed hooked up with who were about
14、22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampton, England. “The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at.” He says.16 Demtrius was a teenager from New YorkA. Right
15、B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17 The graffiti scheme in Rochdale was for teenagers only.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. People did not like using the subway before an organized group of artists came.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. Since the scheme started, no walls in the town were sprayed wi
16、th graffiti.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Temper, a street artist, is now head of graffiti club in England.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. Temper is involved in ma
17、ny different aspects of hip-hop culture.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第三部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1份, 共8分)。下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27-30 题要求从所给的6个选题中尉每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Waste not, Want not1 Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have alwa
18、ys looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 The business was an immediate success, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the
19、 Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in country. The Associations inspectors found the Darlingtons shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetables.3 Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other
20、local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.4 Clara admits that starting the business was
21、expensive, and she has worked very hard but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. “ I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread , or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment (恭维) if people take
22、home on of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves.”5 So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop, Clara , not wishing to see
23、them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.6 The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties. She spent much of the summer travelling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now
24、served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.23. Paragraph 2_A. professional recognition is obtainedB. Ensuring that nothing gets wastedC. A necessary alternative to farming D. Time well spent is rewarded
25、E. Continuing investment in high standardsF. Professional skills are exploited24. Paragraph 3 _25. Paragraph 4_26. Paragraph 5_27. Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to _.28. Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple_.29. Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away, the couple
26、_.30. Clara spent much of the summer going to London to _. A. sell fresh vegetablesB. turn them into soupC. sell as much as possible D. promote her soupE. fill a gap in the marketF. offer a variety of prepared meals 第四部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文, 每篇短文后有5道题, 请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。The Best Way to
27、Reduce Your Weight You hear this: No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. You feel sad: I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can 1 do? Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to
28、maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, 80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.How can obese people become normal or even thin through d
29、ieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But
30、 after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising: by metabolic measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2. They were anxious and depressed; some were s
31、uicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Etha
32、n Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean
33、that people are-completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true - each pe
34、rson has a comfortable weight range3. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it
35、 seeks.1. The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determined byA) our eating habitsB) out life styleC) our work habitsD) our genes教材:1. What determines your weight? Your genes.2. In Jules Hirschs study, the subjectsA) showed no health problem.B) gained weight rapidly.C) were all very short.D
36、) lived only on liquid food.教材:2. What did Jules Hirsch do in his study? He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.3. After leaving the hospital, the eight fat peopleA) attempted suicide.B) were back to their original weight.C) went madD) followed the advice of Hirsc
37、hs.教材:3. What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital? They were back to normal weight.4. In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to A) stay in prison.B) eat as much as they could.C) battle their genetic inheritance.D) lower their weight.教材:4. What did Ethan Sims make his
38、subjects do? Increase their weight,5. Which of the following statements is true?A) Each person wants to eat to his hearts content.B) Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C) Each person has a natural weight range.D) Each person wants to control his weight.教材 5. What did scientists think was true? Ea
39、ch person has a fixed weight range.Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have found that the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3
40、issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and hear attack, experts say.“We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed,” said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Instit
41、ute in Stockholm, Sweden. “It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed,” he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each
42、 year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75.“If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack
43、,” Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts.“A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,” noted co-author Dr.Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. “Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying,” he said.With this finding, scientists are “
44、opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves,” Bhardwaj said. “Maybe one could devise a pharmaceutical agent that would make heart cells make new and more cells to overcome the problem they are facing.”But barriers remain. According to Bhardwaj, scientists do not yet kn
45、ow how to increase heart cell production to a rate that would replace cells faster than they are dying off, especially in older patients with heart failure. In addition, the number of new cells the heart produces was estimated using healthy hearts whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts
46、 is the same remains unknown.1. The human heart stops producing cardiac cellsA) when a person becomes oldB) as soon as a person gets sickC) immediately after a person in bornD) once a person dies教材:1. The human heart stops producing cardiac cells. when a person dies.2. The finding could prove to be
47、helpful toD) the study of longstanding mysteries.A) the analysis of cardiac cells.B) the prevention of chronic diseasesC) the treatment of heart diseases.教材2. The finding could prove to be helpful to the treatment of heart diseases.3. In people whore in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyoc
48、ytesA) are still functional.B) are reduced (lost) each yearC) are replaced each year.D) are damaged each year.教材3. In people whore in their mid-70s, only 0.45 percent of cardiomyocytes are replaced each year.4. The chronic heart failure is attributed to A) the dying heart cellsB) the effect of pharm
49、aceuticalC) the weight of the patientD) the life span of a person教材:4. Chronic heart failure is associated with the death of heart cells. 5.It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased heartsA) is high enough to replace cells faster than theyre dying off.B) is of any use of resea
50、rchers. 教材: can be monitored. C) is the same as that in healthy hearts.D) changes over time.教材5. It remains unknown whether the rate of cell turnover in diseased hearts is the same as that in healthy hearts.One-room SchoolsOne-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the menti
51、on of them makes people feel a vague longing for the way things were. One-room schools are an endangered species, however. For more than a hundred years, one-room schools have been systematically shut down and their students sent away to centralized schools. As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 on
52、e-room schools in the United States. By 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one-room schools, more than 350 are in Nebraska. The rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their road .maps wide-open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left, educat
53、ors are beginning to think that maybe there is something yet to be learned from one-room schools, something that served the pioneers that might Serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with progressive-sounding names like peer-group teaching and multi-age grouping for educational proc
54、edures that occur naturally in the one-room schools. In a one-room school the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else. A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the stigma associated with be
55、ing left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils. In larger urban and suburban Schools today, this is called mainstreaming. A few hours in a small school that has only one classro
56、om and it becomes clear why so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one-room school1. We learn from the first paragraph that one-room schoolsA)are the best in NebraskaB) are becoming more and more centralizedC) have had a strong influence on American peopleD) need to be shut down教材:1. It is implied in the passage that many educators and parents today feel that one-room schools provide good education.2. One-room schools are in danger of disappearing becauseA) there has been a tre
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