英语基础_Basic_English_Lecture_9_Subject_Verb_Agreement_Gwyn_.ppt

1、Lecture 9,Prepositions Subject Verb Agreement,What is Preposition?,A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show in what relation the person or thing denoted by it stands in regard to something else. Joins a noun or pronoun to another word to indicate some relation between the no

2、un or pronoun and that other word.,Basically, we have 4 common categories of prepositions:,Preposition of Place or Position Preposition of Direction Preposition of Time Others:- Preposition of Purpose Preposition of Association Preposition of Similarity Preposition of Agent Preposition of Accompanim

3、ent Preposition of Measure Preposition used with means of transport,Preposition of Place or Position,Prepositions of place,In general, we use: at for a POINT in for an ENCLOSED SPACE on for a SURFACE,Preposition of Direction,Consider the following,Which is correct? 1. She turned her paper in to the

4、teacher. 2. She turned her paper into the teacher. My car ran out of petrol, so I turned in to a petrol station. My car ran out of petrol, so I turned into a petrol station.,Preposition of Time,Preposition of time (cont),We use: at for a PRECISE TIME in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS

5、on for DAYS and DATES,Some special cases,In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, but at night In the morning/afternoon/evening (duration) At morning-time, evening-time, night-time/night/noon. (specific times) Exception: Something happens during the night e.g. I heard a strange howl in/duri

6、ng the night and couldnt go back to sleep after that. At night is a shortened form of (at the time of night),Other Prepositions,Preposition of Purpose for, so that, in order to Preposition of Association between, among Preposition of Similarity like, asas Preposition of Agent by, from Preposition of

7、 Accompaniment with Preposition of Measure of Preposition used with means of transport by, on, in,How to form phrasal verb? VERB + PREPOSITION put up, take over Certain verbs are used with specific prepositions to convey certain meanings. A phrasal verb sometimes carries more than one meaning. e.g.

8、take off Some verbs can form up to 10 or more phrasal verbs using different prepositions. e.g. put,LECTURE 9 : SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT,ITEM /ENTITY TALKED ABOUT,MATCH : SINGULAR /PLURAL TENSE,ACTION WORD,e.g. The rich man donates money to charity. His wife does the same thing too. e.g. Malaysians a

9、re caring people. Theydonate generously to the tsunami victims. .,1) A Singular verb follows a singular subject and a plural verb follows a plural subject,2a) When 2 or more singular subjects are joined by the conjunction and a plural verb is used,Example The rich man and his wife donate money to ch

10、arity. John and Mathew sing well. Leslie and Sam study hard for the test,2b) Phrases such as “together with, as well as”, “accompanied by” and “along with” do not affect the actual number of the subject before them. In this case ,the verb will agree with the main subject before these phrases.,Jim, t

11、ogether with his sister, is leaving for Korea. The manager, as well as the employees, has to go for the blood test. The President ,as well as, his ministers has agreed to go ahead with the plans.,Exercise 1 1.The hungry farmer sell/sells all his goats so that his children do/does not have to starve.

12、 2.Every year towns near the Perak river is/are affected by the floods and the villagers move/moves to higher grounds. Last year an old man trapped in his house was/were rescued by the police. 3. The captain and his officers steer/steers the Titanic away from the rocks; but unfortunately the ship is

13、/are hit by a floating iceberg. The captain advise/advises his crew to abandon the ship.,3 a) A singular verb is used with a subject after “neither” and “either”,e.g. Neither of the two traffic lights is working Either dress is fine with me.,3b) When 2 subjects are joined by eitheror / neithernor /

14、not onlybut also, the verb agrees with the subject closest to it. e.g. Neither Lisa nor her sister is interested. Neither Lisa nor her sisters are interested, Not only the students but also the lecturer has to be early for class on a Saturday morning,4.a) The indefinite pronouns such as “anyone” “an

15、ybody”, “someone”, “ somebody”, “none”, “anything”, “everybody”, “every one”, “no one” , “nobody”, “nothing” require singular verbs,Everyone likes durians Someone has taken my dictionary None of the students has done the assignments,4.b)When subjects follow “each” , “every” and “one of”, a singular

16、verb is used,Every boy and every girl has to pay for the entrance ticket Each of the students is responsible for the success or failure of the event.,4.c) The indefinite pronouns such as “all” and “some can be singular or plural depending on whether they are referring to countable or uncountable nou

17、ns.,Some of the umbrellas are missing Some of the rice is stale,4d) When the subjects are separated by “all but” and “bothand”, a plural verb is used,All but the lecturer have left the lecture hall. Both Melissa and Pauline enjoy singing and dancing,Exercise 2 1.There is/are a fly in my soup. 2.No o

18、ne is/are permitted to borrow the books on display. 3.There is/are flowers growing on the slope of the hill. No one is/are allowed to pick them. 4.Somebody do/does not want me to win the race. 5.Every child want/wants to ride the merry-go-round. 6.There is/are a road race organized by the Star newsp

19、aper every year.,Exercise 3 1.Both Salman and Mei Ling is/are in the final round. 2.Either the cats or the dog has/have to go. 3.A few fishing villages was/were swept away by the gigantic waves. 4.The wedding will be delayed if neither the bride nor the groom speak/speaks English. 5.Several thousand

20、 birds was/were released during the festivities.,5.a)When 2 singular subject refer to the same person or thing, a singular verb is used,My good friend and neighbour, is a musician Ryan, my supervisor and mentor, teaches me how to be a good technician.,5.b)When 2 subjects are used to express one idea

21、, a singular verb is used,Bread and butter is all I take for breakfast The horse and carriage is beautifully decorated,6.When “there” and “here “ are used, the verb agrees with the subject that follows.,Here is your shirt Here are your shirts There is your file Here are the books you asked for,7.a)A

22、 collective noun takes a singular verb when it is used to mean a group,The team wins all the competition. The committee has not decided where to hold the camp. 7.b)A collective noun takes a plural verb when it is used to refer to the members in a group The committee members cast their votes The team

23、 members are working hard for the competition The audience were told to keep silent when the dancer made her entrance,8.Words such as “glasses, trousers” pants, scissors” are regarded as plural unless they are used with the phrase a “pair of”,My glasses are missing. Now I cant see anything. Toms tro

24、users were torn by the bikes peddles. The pair of pants that was stolen was found in the trash can.,9. Unit of money/time/distance singular before verb BUT plural after verb (usual case).,Eight hours is the standard working duration per day. There are eight more hours of work to be completed. He say

25、s one million ringgit is nothing to him. There are one hundred dollars inside his pocket. Two kilometres is a short distance to run. There are two kilometres more ahead of us.,10.a) Some words end in “s” but are singular in meaning. In this case a singular verb is used,- subjects of study (e.g. stat

26、istics/ physics/ mathematics) - activities (e.g. aerobics /gymnastics/athletics) - diseases (e.g. mumps / measles) - nouns (e.g. news / comics) Example: Physics bores me to death Statistics is a difficult subject to handle. The good news has been told to the public,10b)Some nouns are singular in for

27、m but plural in meaning. In this case, a plural verb is used.,The police have caught the culprit. Poultry continue to rise during festive seasons. 10c)Some words indicate plurality. In this case a plural verb is used - both, several, many, few, others, people e.g. Several victims have died in the crash. Many students are feeling hungry right now,e.g. Two-thirds of this building has already been constructed. Two-thirds of UTAR students are Chinese. Fifty percent of the furniture needs to be sold. Fifty percent of the car parts are imported.,11.Fractions / Percentages usually follow the noun,