语言学基本内容概念.ppt

1、,第一单元1 Design features of language：arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement. 2. Functions of language：Informative, Interpersonal（人际-）, Performative施为-, Emotive, Phatic communion寒暄语，Recreational，Metalinguistic元语言功能 3 Main branches of linguistics:Phonetics(speech sounds)语音学/Phonology音系学/Morpho

2、logy: (words)形态学/Syntax: (structures of sentences)句法学/Semantics语义学/Pragmatics语用学 Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Important distinction in linguistics: Descriptive (native) vs prescriptive/ Synchronic共时 closed /i:/, half closed /e/, half open /, open /a/

3、3) The degree of lip rounding: rounded /u:/, unrounded /i:/ 4) Monophthong vs diphthong or pure vowels vs glidings: /a/, /au/ 5) Long vs short vowels or tense vs lax vowels: /i:/, /I/,3 WORD -Open/Closed-class封闭/开放类词words whose membership is fixed (infinite) or (un)limited -Word classes分类: categorie

4、s of words classified according to their grammatical, semantic, phonological properties or on the basis of formal similarities in terms of inflections and distribution: interjections! Article冠词/New word classes identified: Particles小品词(to, not, subordinate element in phrasal verb), auxiliaties助词(traditional-do, can), pro-forms代词形式, determiners限定词, -morpheme语素minimal units of meaning,包括free/bound- 自由/粘着- closed /i:/, half closed /e/, half open /, open /a/ 3) The degree of lip rounding: rounded /u:/, unrounded /i:/ 4) Monophthong vs diphthong or pure vowels vs g