《山东专练阅读表达》PPT课件.ppt

1、阅读表达,课程标准与山东省2007年高考试题,课程标准 全国考试大纲 山东省考试说明 山东省高考试题,【阅读表达】,阅读表达题是2007年山东省高考英语试题增加的新的测试题型。与传统的阅读理解试题不同的是，该试题在考查考生阅读理解的基础上，增加了对书面表达能力的考查。也就是说，该试题既考查考生的语言输入，也考查语言的输出；同时，考生对问题的回答即语言的输出应建立在对文章内容理解的前提上。 阅读短文的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，长度也大致相同或者比传统的阅读短文略短，文章的结构层次性更强。,高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材和体

2、裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。,【阅读表达】,Homework Checking (三维设计P305 阅读表达),76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.),How to Avoid Getting Overweight,78. Pl

3、ease fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.),Exercise is most important to health,77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Some measures are suggested to the public to rid them of

4、 overweight problems.,The report advocates several public health measures to fight the common existence of overweight in this country.,80. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese?,吸烟对肥胖人群尤其危险。,79. Which of the suggestions of reducing weight do you think is the best for

5、 you? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.),I think I should take exercise as it not only help me reduce my weight but also can build up my body.,2007年山东省高考新题型,【题型变化】,【阅读表达】,阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样。总的来讲，有七种类型，即6+X： 主旨概括：概括短文、短文中某一段落的大意或标题，或指出 作者的写作意图 句子填空：结合上下文, 将短文中的空白处用合适的

6、词语补充 完整, 使短文通顺 翻译句子：将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语 英文释义：根据所给的英文释义寻找短文中意思相同的句子 封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中的具体依据 进行回答 开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人的观点态度 进行表述 其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的其它类型的问题,高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的

7、英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。,【阅读表达】,【主旨概括类设置题型有】,Whats the best title of the passage? What is the purpose of the writer writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the article? What does the passage mainly talk about？,Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Kn

8、owing what to do before a fire breaks out can save a life. For example, people should know the safety measures to take before opening a hall door during a fire. Also, make sure everyone knows how to unlock doors that may be in the escape path. At times, a key is needed to unlock a door from the insi

9、de. So, keep the key in the lock in the lock. Or, you can put the key on a key ring and put it where it can be found easily.,Question What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words),Answer：Safety Measures / How to Escape from a Fire,【主旨概括】,Escaping a fire,safety measures,While

10、 it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. Try physical activity When you are nervous, angry

11、or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Take care of yourself You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. Make time for yourself Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Make a list of things to do Stress can result from disorganization and

12、 a feeling that,Question What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words),Answer：How to Deal with Stress? How to Reduce Stress? Ways to Deal with Stress. Suggestions on How to Cope with Stress. ,【主旨概括】,deal with stress,【主旨概括】,答题技巧 1.要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括

13、，即分清主旨和细节； 2.概括出来的中心意思一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全； 3.注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题形式，同时要注意字数要求。,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? People can know something about different cultures in art museums.,Answer： Art museums are places where

14、 people can learn about various cultures.,Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by

15、 the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall. People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales, it is the honoring

16、 of excellently invented products.,【句子释义】,various cultures,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? The foundation will carry out its tests in some areas to put those accidents under control.,Answer：To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its t

17、ests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.,Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会）for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons（人字形图）

18、 and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Too great Speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests

19、 in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.,【句子释义】,conduct its tests in areas,【句子释义】,答题技巧 1.该类题目比较简单，而且缺乏较好的区分度，在某种程度上有给考生送分的因素，因此，考生应尽可能在该题上不丢分； 2.该类题目相当于传统阅读理解试题中的转换理解，即用不同的语言表达方式表述相同的内容、意义，所以要求考生能够识别表达相同意义的不同文字。,Question Fill in the bla

20、nk with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：On the other hand,If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, youll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the cla

21、ssroom than non science majors do. _, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.,【句子填空】,Question Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：happiness is always around you,Happiness i

22、s for everyone. You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time. In fact, _ if you put your hea

23、rt into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you work hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking car of you and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you;,【句子填空】,【句子填空】,答题技巧 回答该类问题时一定要注意弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等等

24、； 2.一般来讲，该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练； 3.答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。,The private automobile has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at le

25、ast one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one.,【句子翻译】,Question Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,Answer：事实上,私家车已经成为美国生活方式中的一个必需的重要的成分。,解析：不难发现，该段文字是一篇新闻报道，因此译文要符合新闻语言的特点，即：简练、规范；同时，在翻译时要考虑到汉英两种语言之间的差异。,it,While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possibl

26、e to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.,【句子翻译】,解析：该句中while一词的意思是“尽管、虽然”，不是“在的时候”，而且根据汉语的表达习惯应该把时间状语从句“when it cant be avoided（当它无法避免的时候）”放在前面。,Answer：虽然生活中不

27、可能没有压力, 但是当压力无法避免的时候, 我们可以预防它或减轻它带来的影响。,Question Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,【句子翻译】,答题技巧 要把握好原文的句子结构和表达方式，在准确、充 分、全面理解原文意思的基础上进行翻译，译文要忠 实于原文； 2.要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、 措辞等要符合文体特点和句子所在情境； 3.译文一定要符合汉语的表达习惯，不一定要完全按照 英文字面的意思和顺序进行翻译； 4.文字要清楚、规范、简练，不要重复或含糊不清；书 写要工整、卷面要整洁。,The Grammy Aw

28、ard is the granddad of all music awards, dating back over four decades; it is to music what Oscar is to the movies. The name “Grammy” is short for “gramophone (留声机)”, since the awards are shaped like those old-fashioned phonographs. Over the years L. A. and New York have played tug-of-war (拔河) with

29、the Grammy Awards show. The result? The Grammy ceremony has been held 32 times in Los Angeles, 10 times in New York City; and once in Nashville. . . The 47th Annual Grammy Awards show was held on Sunday, Feb. 13, 2005, at the Staples Center. The big winners for 2005 were the late Ray Charles, U2, Al

30、icia Keys, Norah Jones, Los Lonely Boys, Kanye West, Usher, John Mayer, Tim McGraw and Maroon 5.,【封闭性问题】,Question When do you think the 44th Grammy Awards show was held? (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：The 44th Grammy Awards show was held in 2002.,Annual,【开放性试题设置题型有】,What would you do if you

31、 were? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were?,【其他类型】,An annual MIT survey found that among adults asked what inventions they hate most, but cant live without, 30% said the cell phones. Alarm clocks were a close second, with 25% hating them, followed by t

32、he television with 23% and razors with 14%. The survey has been conducted for the past eight years to determine public inventions, inventors and technology.,Question： Design a diagram to show the result of the survey. (Please answer within 20 words),30,25,23,14,Cell phones,Alarm clocks,Televisions,R

33、azors,在答题之前要认真审题, 弄清问题要求, 回答应具有针对性, 要紧扣题目, 既要完整, 又要简洁；同时还要注意语言运用的准确性、得体性； 对于主旨概括类型的题目，要准确理解文章大意、细节，把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，归纳出文章内容要点、篇章或层次结构, 为回答问题做好准备；,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,该试题的回答要求字数比较少，所以语言要精辟、简洁，答案要符合标题的要求，能概括出文章大意或作者写作的意图； 封闭性问题（close-ended）可以在文中直接找到答案或依据；但是对于开放性的题目(open-ended questions)，考生要结合自己的观点进行回答；,【阅读表达】

34、答题注意事项：,5. 在做翻译试题的时候，一定要结合文中句子所在情境进行理解和翻译, 并且把握好句子结构；既要符合英语句子原意, 又要注意汉语句子的通顺和达意； 要注意问题后的字数要求， 切忌超出各个题目所要求的字数范围； 要保持书写清楚、工整， 卷面整洁、干净。,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,Practice Makes Perfect!,Thank You,To the Editor: I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to

35、Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times. In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper, as well as the Styles section. The Times is great, but the Ga

36、zette is another story. Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last weeks issue, you misspelled the word “secretary,” used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “its” as a possessive. And that was just in the lead

37、story! Its a pity that this tiny little hick (土气的) town has only one newspaper, because Id like to have an alternative to the rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you cant spell correctly, how can you get your facts right? Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for som

38、e time. Please cancel my subscription（预订、订阅）. And buy yourself a dictionary. Sincerely, Jane Z. Jones,Answer：To make a complaint and cancel her subscription.,【主旨概括练习】,Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential（必要的）to ones life. Eating breakfast at the

39、 start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip. But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 19

40、77 and 1983, the number of people who didnt have breakfast increased by 33from 8.8 million to 11.7 millionaccording to the Chicago-Based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown

41、that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Mold E. Bender, “Nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”,Answer：Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may

42、be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.,【句子释义练习】,It has been revealed in the recent research that going without breakfast may do no harm, particularly for adults.,“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer（战胜） himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful.”

43、 says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses（冲动）and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom. Self-control is mans last greatest victory. _ means one lacks everything. Without it he can have no patient, no power to govern himse

44、lf; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling.,Answer：Lacking self-control / That one lacks self-control,【句子填空练习】,Chinas space achievements head our countrys top-ten achievements in science and technology in 2003, according to results released on Tuesd

45、ay based on votes of the 582 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). All the CAS and CAE members were asked to look through process in their own fields of research, as well as in others over the past year and vote according to how important the

46、achievements were.,Answer：根据周二颁布的中国科学院和中国工程院582名院士的投票结果， 2003年中国在太空领域所取得的成就位于我国十大科技成就之首。,解析：该段文字是一篇新闻报道，因此译文要符合新闻语言的特点，即：简练、规范；同时，在翻译时要考虑到汉英两种语言之间的差异，即：英语中的according to.短语是在本句的后面，但是在翻译成汉语时要放在前面。,【句子翻译练习】,To the Editor: I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years,

47、 ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times. In fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper, as well as the Styles section. The Tim

48、es is great, but the Gazette is another story. Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. For instance, in last weeks issue, you misspelled the word “secretary,” used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “its” as a possessive. And tha

49、t was just in the lead story! In case you never went to elementary school, “its” means “it is.” Its not a possessive adjective! Its a pity that this tiny little hick (土气的) town has only one newspaper, because Id like to have an alternative to the rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news

50、stories. If you cant spell correctly, how can you get your facts right? Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription. And buy yourself a dictionary. Sincerely, Jane Z. Jones,Answer： It has many spelling mistakes or grammatical errors.,【封闭性问题】,Question Whats

51、the major problem with the Gazette? (Please answer within 10 words.),Beware of those who use the truth to deceive. When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can create a false impression. For example, someone might say, “I just wo

52、n a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!” This guys a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a winner. Hes a big loser! He didnt say anything

53、 that was false, but he deliberately omitted important information. Thats called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Untrustworthy candidates in political campaigns often use this tactic. Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost o

54、ne million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents runs an ad saying, “During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs!” Thats true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smiths term, the state had a net gain of two

55、million jobs.” . . This kind of deception happens too often. Its a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.,【开放性问题】,Question：Suppose a boy said he was late for school because he had a flat tire with his bike, how can you find he is telling half-truth? (Please answer

56、within 20 words.),Answer：He didnt tell that he took a bus to school. / He had a flat tire after he got to school.,Having one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster, often within a day or two. Walk it off Exercise is the most popular way to remove bad-mood. A person whos in a bad mood has low energy and high tensio