高中英语语法(虚拟语气).ppt

1、1,虚拟语气,2,什么是虚拟语气,语气分陈述语气、祁使语气、虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 May you succeed!祝您成功！,3,一 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。 表示对现在情况的虚拟： wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were 表示

2、对过去情况的虚拟： wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词或would, could, might+现在完成时 表示对将来情况的虚拟： wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形。,4,1. 对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were,()I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question. ()I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. () I wish I were a bird. () Now that h

3、e is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese. () When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.,5,2.对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： wish + 主语 + had done 或would/ could/ might+ have done,(1) I wish (that可省略)I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) (2) He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望

4、没有失去机会。(其实已失去) (3)We wished he had spoken to us. (事实上他并没同我们讲) (4)I wish you had called earlier. (事实上已迟了) 例题分析： I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 选A Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature whe

5、n he was in college A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 答案为C。表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时.,6,3. 对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)： wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形,(1)I wish it would stop raining.我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢) (2) I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) (3) You wished she would arrive the next

6、day.你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) (4)I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。(女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔),7,二 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有： 表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议、劝告

7、、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order 表示“主张”的：maintain, urge 表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist,8,其结构：order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +. (should) do 1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insist

8、ed that we (should ) tell him the news. 3.We suggest that students (should) spend two or three years in an English-speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。) 5.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,9,三、条件句的虚拟语气,条件句分真实条件句和非真实条件句(与事实相反或很难实现) If I have enough money next year, I will go to

9、Japan. Oil floats if you pour it on water. 非真实条件句都用虚拟语气,10,11,1.If I knew French, I would read the book. If I were you, I would refuse the money. 2.If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. She would have come if she hadnt been so busy. 3.You might be late if you went on foot. I

10、f he were to come, what should we say to him?,12,例题： If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using （正确答案为A。） Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk. A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D.

11、went （答案B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。）,13,条件从句中如果有were, had, should, could，有时可把if省略并将这些词放主句前面 （1)原句：If she were younger, she would do it. 去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面) （2)原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it. 去If：Had he tried it, he could

12、 have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面) （3)Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. （4)Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. （5)Were I in your place, I wouldnt do that. （6)Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。 （7)Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。 （8)Should it rai