英语入门基础知识

1、.,.,.,英语词性缩写,n = 名词，noun的缩写 v = 动词， verb的缩写 u = 不可数名词，uncountable noun的缩写 c = 可数名词，countable noun的缩写 vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb的缩写 vt = 及物动词，transitive verb的缩写 model verb 情态动词,.,英语词性缩写,conj = 连接词 ，conjunction的缩写 adj. = 形容词，adjective的缩写 adv. = 副词，adverb的缩写 prep. = 介词；preposition的缩写 pron. = 代名词，pron

2、oun的缩写 aux.v = 助动词 ，auxiliary verb的缩写 art. = 冠词，article的缩写,.,英文基本句式,五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 S十V 主谓结构 S十V十P 主系表结构 S十V十O 主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 (说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C补语),.,1S十V 在此句式中，V是不及物动词 He runs quickly他跑得快。 They listened carefully他们听得很仔细. He suffered from cold and hunger他

3、挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country中国属于第三世界国家。,英文基本句式,.,2S十V十P V是系动词 (look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get/ fall ill/asleep, stand/sit still, become, turn) He is older than he looks The story sounds interesting You have grown taller than before He has suddenly fallen i

4、ll He becomes a teacher when he grew up,英文基本句式,.,3S十V十O V是及物动词 I saw a film yesterday They found their home easily They built a house last year,英文基本句式,.,4S十V十O1十O2 带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get He gave me a book/a book to me He offered me his seat/his seat to me He lend me his bike,英文基本句式,.,5S十V十O十C 作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 They made the girl angry They found her happy that day I found him out/in They named the boy Charlie