大学英语复习资料：English Literature of the 17th Century

1、In childhood once we crouched before our teacher,Growing content, in time, with what he taught:How does the story end? What happened to us?We came like water and like wind were gone.,这世界不因我生而有所增益， 我死去对它也没有任何意义， 我这双耳从未听人讲清， 我因何而来，又因何而去。,我也学播了智慧之种，亲手培植它渐渐葱茏；而今我所获得的收成只是“来如流水，逝如风。,第三十章东西永隔如参商。殷离唱了这几句小曲，

2、接着又唱起歌来，这一回的歌声却是说不出的诡异，和中土曲子浑不相同，细辨歌声，辞意也和小昭所唱的相同：“来如流水兮逝如风，不知何处来兮何所终！”她翻翻覆覆唱着这两句曲子，越唱越低，终于歌声随着水声风声，消没无踪。各人想到生死无常，一人飘飘入世，实如江河流水，不知来自何处，不论你如何英雄豪杰，到头来终于不免一死，飘飘出世，又如清风之不知吹向何处。张无忌只觉掌里赵敏的纤指寒冷如冰，微微颤动。,English Literature of the 17th Century,The Tudor都铎王朝的Monarchs an overview,The Tudors,There were six Tudor

3、 Kings and Queens. The family came to power in 1485 with the accession到达 of Henry VII.,Henry VII,Henry VII was the first Tudor king He ended the War of Roses He united England.,He had a more famous son,Henry VIII,He is famous for two reasons One: he had six wives Two: He established the Church of En

4、gland.,Why did Henry break with the Church of Rome?,Wife Number 1Catherine of Aragon,a Spanish princess. one daughter, Mary, later Queen of England. Beautiful, virtuous善良 Henry divorced Catherine.,Mary,Catherine of Aragon,What happened?,Wife Number 2Anne Boleyn,Queens maid married in secret because

5、Henry hadnt got rid of his first wife yet! a daughter, Elizabeth, who also later became a Queen of England. plain-looking but intelligent. Henry had Anne beheaded.,Anne Boleyn,Elizabeth,What happened?,Wife Number 3Jane Seymour,Queens and exqueens maid Jane finally gave Henry the son he so wanted Edw

6、ard. Unfortunately, Edward died when he was just 16. Jane died after giving birth to Edward.,Jane Seymour,Edward,What happened?,Wife Number 4Anne of Cleves,A beauty. A Germanic princess. He thought she looked very pretty, but when he saw her he hated her! divorced.,Anne of Cleves,What happened?,Wife

7、 Number 5Catherine Howard,A little beauty. She married Henry at the age of 15. Innocent. Said to have lots of other boyfriends! Henry was jealous. Beheaded.,Catherine Howard,What happened?,Wife Number 6Catherine Parr,An intelligent middle-aged woman. She is supposed to have been very nice and kind,

8、and Henry seems to have been quite happy with her. The only wife who outlived Henry he died in 1547, while she lived until 1548.,What happened?,Catherine Parr,The Tudors ( HBO ),Hows the king really like?,绿袖子 Greensleeves,我思断肠，伊人不臧。Alas my love, you do me wrong弃我远去，抑郁难当。To cast me off discourteously

9、我心相属，日久月长。I have loved you all so long与卿相依，地老天荒。Delighting in your company绿袖招兮，我心欢朗。Greensleeves was all my joy绿袖飘兮，我心痴狂。Greensleeves was my delight绿袖摇兮，我心流光。Greensleeves was my heart of gold绿袖永兮，非我新娘。And who but my Lady Greensleeves我即相偎，柔荑纤香。I have been ready at your hand我自相许，舍身何妨。To grant whatever

10、 you would crave欲求永年，此生归偿。I have both waged life and land回首欢爱，四顾茫茫。Your love and good will for to have 绿袖摇兮，我心流光。Greensleeves was my heart of gold绿袖永兮，非我新娘。And who but my Lady Greensleeves,Elizabeth I,Protestantism was firmly established. (r. 1558-1603),What made a great leader?,Determined Intellige

11、nt Unwavering in values Courageous Good judgment Open-minded Unselfish,Elizabeth I:,How successfully did she tackle the problems of her reign?,QueenElizabeths Problems,1558-1603,Your Task,You are an expert in foreign and domestic policy It is your job to advise the new queen Elizabeth, leader of Eng

12、land You will be told about various problems and given a choice of three policies to follow. Choose wisely. Your success will be rewarded. Failure will be punished as the queen may loose the throne and you will loose your head!,YOUR AIMS,Your policy has very clear aims: Get the new queen established

13、 on the throne. Protect her from her enemies, both political and religious. Make the country safe from attack. Maintain the Tudor royal family.,Crisis: RELIGION,Keep the country Catholic to avoid yet another religious change.,A,Make the Protestants happy by burning Catholics at the stake.,Go back to

14、 the Protestant Church and let Catholics worship privately.,B,C,30 Points,A,20 Points,10 Points,B,C,Crisis: RELIGION,Crisis: Marriage,You are only 25 years old England desperately needs an heir Your father had gone to a lot of trouble to get one Not having an heir might lead to war You could marry l

15、ater,?,Stay single,A,Marry the Catholic Phillip of Spain to keep friends with them.,Marry an Englishman,B,C,Crisis: Marriage,10 Points,A,30 Points,20 Points,B,C,Crisis: Marriage,Crisis: Mary Queen of Scots,Mary is your cousin She is also a catholic She fled Scotland after the murder of her husband.

16、Some people might support her claim to your throne.,Keep her imprisoned in England,A,Help her to get her Scottish throne back.,Give her back to the Scots for possible execution,B,C,Crisis: Mary Queen of Scots,20 Points,A,30 Points,10 Points,B,C,Crisis: Mary Queen of Scots,Crisis: Your looks!,As you

17、get older, the mirror show the lines in your face Your hair is going grey Your teeth are suffering and have started to rot The strength of a country is judged by the beauty and good health of her queen.,Refuse to have any more portraits of yourself painted.,A,Have especially beautiful portraits pain

18、ted of you and send them to everyone.,Accept that there is nothing you can do about it and act graciously.,B,C,Crisis: Your looks!,30 Points,A,10 Points,20 Points,B,C,Crisis: Your looks!,Take on the most powerful country in the world risky but if you succeed you will be highly respected,A,Give Franc

19、e money and land in return for France fighting with you against Spain,Keep peace by marrying Philip II,B,C,Crisis: The Spanish Attack!,10 Points,A,20 Points,30 Points,B,C,Crisis: The Spanish Attack!,Add up your scores,?,How did you do?,120 - 150 Points Your advice was really good for someone who wan

20、ted to get rid of Elizabeth and die! Youre off to the Towerand people dont come out of there alive!,How did you do?,90 110 Points You are not as good as people first thought in the advice that you have given the queen. She will probably tell you to retire from politics, but at least you will be able

21、 to keep your head.,How did you do?,50 80 Points Very impressive advice You helped the queen make the best possible decisions under difficult circumstances. You will be rewarded with a title of your choice, a grand palace and an annual salary of gold.,Your new coat of arms,Elizabeth I: How successfu

22、lly did she tackle the problems of her reign?,What did Elizabeth do?,Religion Marriage Mary Queen of Scots Her looks The Spanish Armada,RELIGION,Keep the country Catholic to avoid yet another religious change.,A,Make the Protestants happy by burning Catholics at the stake.,B,C,X,X,Go back to the Pro

23、testant Church and let Catholics worship privately.,MARRIAGE,Stay single,A,Marry the Catholic Phillip of Spain to keep friends with them.,Marry an Englishman,B,C,X,X,Mary Queen of Scots,Keep her imprisoned in England,A,Help her to get her Scottish throne back.,Give her back to the Scots for possible

24、 execution,B,C,X,X,Her looks,Refuse to have any more portraits of yourself painted.,A,Have especially beautiful portraits painted of you and send them to everyone.,Accept that there is nothing you can do about it and act graciously.,B,C,X,X,Take on the most powerful country in the world risky but if

25、 you succeed you will be highly respected,A,Give France money and land in return for France fighting with you against Spain,Keep peace by marrying Philip II,B,C,X,X,Crisis: The Spanish Attack!,Fun Facts of Queen Elizabeth I,Married to England,Important Dramatic Works:,Dr. Faustus,House of Stuarts,Th

26、e House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain.,Major Authors,Francis Bacon John Donne John Milton,Francis Bacon,Renaissance author father of inductive reasoning,Of Studies,Studies serve for

27、 delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.,Of Studies,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is i

28、n privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.,足以,怡情,傅采,长才,Of Studies,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and

29、 for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.,独处,幽居,高谈阔论,判事,处世,Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.,读书足以怡情

30、， 足以傅彩， 足以长才。 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时 其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中 其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。,For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.,For expert can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, o

31、ne by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come bestfrom those that are learned.,练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节， 然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。,To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is th

32、e humor of a scholar.,Behavior that is not sincere or natural,temper or characteristic,To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.,读书费时过多易惰， 文采藻饰太盛则矫， 全凭条文断事乃学究故态。,They perfect natur

33、e, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilitiesare like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselvesdo give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in byexperience.,读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足， 盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接， 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。,Crafty men contem

34、n studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.,有一技之长者鄙读书， 无知者羡读书， 唯明智之士用读书， 然书并不以用处告人， 用书之智不在书中， 而在书外， 全凭观察得之。,Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted;

35、nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.,读书时不可存心诘难读者， 不可尽信书上所言， 亦不可只为寻章摘句， 而应推敲细思,Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested: that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be

36、read wholly, and with diligence and attention.,书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。 换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。,Some books also may be read by deputy, And extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are,

37、like common distilled waters, flashy things.,书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要， 但只限题材较次或价值不高者， 否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。,Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if

38、 he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.,读史使人明智， 读诗使人灵秀

39、， 数学使人周密， 科学使人深刻， 伦理学使人庄重 逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；,Quotes,Knowledge is power. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed. A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds. Discretion in speech is more than eloquence. Silence is the virtue of fools. Wives are young mens mistresses, companions for middle age, and old mens nurses.,Major Authors,Francis Bacon John Donne John Milton,John Donne,Introduction Major Works,