英语国家社会与文化Unit 3-4 UK class(课堂PPT)

1、1,Unit 3 and Unit 4,2,Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a consititional monarhy. The official head of state is Queen. (traditional and symbolic power) P42 Represent Britain at home and abroad Set standards of good citizenship and family life.,3,Australia, Canada, New Zealand and India ar

2、e governed according to the principles of British parliamentary democracy. All but India recognise the Queen as their head of state, and a representative of the Crown, called the Governor-General, is present in such constitutional monarchies in order to fulfill the role of the monarch.,4,The Monarch

3、y,This dates back to the Saxons from the 5th century AD until the Norman Conquest in 1066. “Divine rights of Kings” A hereditary king or queen,5,King or queen V.S. feudal barons (two events) 1. The Great Charter known as “Magna Carta” in 1215-a limited power of king (King John) 2. The civil war in t

4、he 17th century Roundhead V.S. Cavaliers Ousting the monarch The commonwealth in 1649-1660 What was the result? The restoration in 1660,6,The constitutional Monarchy,When does it appear? Who started the age of the constitutional monarchy? The Glorious Revolution in 1688 Willaim and Mary jointly acce

5、pted the Bill of Rights which confirmed the parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed the free speech with both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.,7,The Constitution,Israel and Britain-the only two countries without written consitutions of the sort which most countries have 1. statute law, la

6、w passed by Parliament 2. the common law, established through common practice 3. conventions, vital to the working of the government,8,The parliament,Saxons-Witan(council or meeting of the wisemen), to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council) The Norman Conquest-the Grand Council of tenants-

7、in-chief on which they were required to serve when summoned Henry III - was defeated by Simon DE Montfort (The beginning of the parliament),9,The beginning of the parliament,Simon De Montfort summoned the Great Council with two knights and two citizens. The Great council developed into the Lords (ba

8、rons and bishops) and the Commons (knights and citizens) Traditionally, it is mainly used to raise money from the barons. By the 13th Century, the Great Council include representative of countires, cities and towns in order to ask for more money. Its role was to offer advice, not to make decisions.,

9、10,History,The House of Lords The House of Commons-political strength 1. raising taxes and passing laws 2. Money grants should be considered and approved by the Commons before being considered by the Lords. 3. law-making powers,11,Todays parliament,Functions on Page 41 Passing laws Carrying on the w

10、ork of government by voting for taxation Scrutinising government policy, adminstration and expenditure and debating the major issueds of the day. Supreme, no legal restraints on it,12,The Parliament consists of 1. The Queen 2. The House of Lords The Lords Spiritual(the Archibishops and prominent bis

11、hops of the Church of England) The Lords Temporal (peers through patrilineal line & life peers ),13,3. The House of Commons appointing representative popular election in 1832 651 Members of Parliament (MPs) from 651 “consituencies” 1. 500 pounds 2. from bigger parties The citizens vote again for the

12、ir consituencys MP. “Electoral register” on P52 and P53,14,The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government. The leader of the party-Prime Minister King George I The Cabinet consisits of around 20 MPs in the governing party who are chosen by the Prime Minister.,15,1. The Labour Party equal, public services, nationalised Prime Minister 2. The Conservative Party the individual right, big companies Prime Minister 3. The Liberal Democrats balance of these two parties,16,Class,Middle-class Working-class Lower middle class Upper middle class 1