AMERICANFOREIGNPOLICY.ppt

1、AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY,POST WWII,Beginning of the Cold War,Up until WWII, American foreign policy swung between isolationism and internationalism After WWII, U.S. came out as strongest nation Sole possessor of atomic bombs Had over 70% worlds gold reserve 50% industrial production of the world Pax

2、Americana Wanted world order dominated by U.S., e.g. world market/ countries using the America system as model,Soviet Union,Resisted U.S. world dominance Had lost greatly in the war Wanted to keep its influence as agreed at Yalta U.S. and Soviet Union fell out- cold war began Both countries started

3、rallying allies NATO and Warsaw Pact Beginning of Arms race,Yalta Conference,The Arms Race,1949: Soviet Union detonated first atomic device Spurred U.S. to build more nuclear weapons Intense competition back and forth between the two Sputniks- cause anxiety to U.S. By 1980s two countries had over 50

4、,000 nuclear weapons- enough to destroy the world many times over! Mutual Assured Deterrence Ronald Reagans Star Wars project,The Containment Policy,1940s: Truman Doctrine: U.S. would use whatever means to prevent Soviets from breaking out of its sphere of influence- until its political system chang

5、ed or collapsed Korean and Vietnam Wars Nixon Doctrine: provide protection and support to allies in Asia fighting domestic communism,Cont.,1972: Nixon visited China SALT agreements with Soviet Union 1973: U.S. troops pulled out of Vietnam Confrontations bet. NATO and Warsaw Pact 1961: Crisis in Berl

6、in- many fled East Germany August 13: East German Govt. built wall to separate east and west- symbol of Cold War,Berlin Wall,Cuban Missile Crisis,Cuban revolutionaries led by Castro in 1959 overthrew Batista regime U.S. wanted to end this new govt. CIA trained migrs to fight Castros govt. but they h

7、ad a humiliating defeat (Bay of Pigs Fiasco) Soviets introduced missiles into Cuba without being detected by U.S. Kennedy placed arms embargo on Cuba, demanded removal- Soviet agreed,Bay of Pigs,China,White Paper : showed hostility towards new republic of 1949 U.S. believed new govt. led by Chinese

8、Communists would be a passing phase U.S. should not recognize new govt. Korean War increased hostility, both sides suffered Frozen relationship gradually changed after Nixons visit 1979: Normalized diplomatic relations,1980s and 1990s,Most remarkable changes 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall Change of E

9、astern European countries Disintegration of the Soviet Union First Gulf War against Sadam Hussein (1991) Only super power in the world,Gulf War I,Cont.,Clinton Administration- 100 months of economic boom New Goal: Maintain American world leadership by not allowing any country to challenge it Clinton

10、s 3 pillars of American foreign policy: 1) national security 2) economic prosperity 3) promotion of democracy Strategy of engagement and expansion 44-day bombing of former Yugoslavia- test of new strategy?,Bush Junior,New strategy for American foreign policy: Unilateralism (independent, one-sided) Faith in military strength Discard policies and agreements not in line with U.S. national interests e.g. Kyoto Strong criticism Sept 11- start on War on Terror Al-Qaeda and Afghan war Bushs Strategy of Preemption- Iraqi War,New Developments,Obama Administration- how is it different from previous?