高中英语Unit11TheMediaPeriodSix课件北师大版.ppt

1、Period Six ,Grammar & Writing,写作专题 如何和给报社写信,语法专题 被动语态&动名词,栏目索引,语法专题,.被动语态 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。,被动语态&动名词,二、被动语态各时态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现的。几种常用时

2、态的被动语态构成如下： 一般现在时：am/is/are过去分词 一般过去时：was/were过去分词 一般将来时：will/shall be过去分词 过去将来时：would be过去分词 现在进行时：am/is/are being过去分词 过去进行时：was/were being过去分词 现在完成时：have/has been过去分词 过去完成时：had been过去分词,English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都开英语课。 Their wedding was held in a church. 他们的婚礼在教堂举行。 Do you think the

3、book will be reprinted? 你觉得这本书会重印吗？ He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道自己会为此受到惩罚。 注意：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be过去分词。 Such work can be done in an hour or so. 这样的工作可以在一个小时左右做完。,三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2.把谓语变成被动结构，时态不变。 3.有时把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，原作主语的人称代词要用宾格。 All the people laughed at him. He

4、 was laughed at (by all the people). They were building the new bridge. The new bridge was being built (by them). We havent told her about it yet. She hasnt been told about it yet.,四、使用被动语态的场合 1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2.当更加强调动

5、作的承受者时，动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还没有被打扫。,The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4.表示客观的说明，常用“It is过去分词that.”句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed

6、 that he is a spy.(He is believed to be a spy.)据信他是个间谍。,其他常见的“It is过去分词that.”句型还有： It is reported that.据报道 It is suggested that.有人建议 It is thought that.大家认为,高考链接1,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.More efforts，as reported， (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.(2016江苏) 2.The student

7、s have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) with success in the end.(2016北京) 3.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.(2016全国) 4.Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(2016全国),答案,will be made,will be r

8、ewarded,was allowed,be made,5.The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world. (2016四川) 6.It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.(2015安徽) 7.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津) 8.To my delight，I (choose) fr

9、om hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015福建) 9.Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close. (2014，大纲全国),答案,is loved,will be built,has been reached,was chosen,is found,.单句改错(仅有1处错误) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking

10、.(2016全国),答案,usingused,.动名词 一、动名词的基本形式 1.动名词的一般式：动名词的一般式可以表示没有明确发生时间的动作，也可以表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 形式为：主动doing；被动being done Learning a foreign language is very useful to me. 学一门外语对我来说很有用。,2.动名词的完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 形式为：主动having done；被动having been done The Department of Education gave him a medal for h

11、aving completed sixty years of teaching. 教育部因他任教60年而给他颁发了一枚奖章。 3.动名词的否定式由“not动名词”构成。 The child made his mother angry by not taking his medicine. 这个孩子因不吃药使他妈妈很生气。,二、动名词的基本用法 动名词在句中起名词的作用，可以单独或以其短语的形式作主语、表语、宾语、定语。 Checking information is very important.(作主语) 核实信息是很重要的。 His hobby is fishing.(作表语) 他的爱好是

12、钓鱼。 Im sorry I missed seeing you while I was in Beijing.(作宾语) 很遗憾我在北京时没有见到你。 There is a large reading room(a room for reading) in our school.(作定语) 我们学校有一个大阅览室。,注意1.动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构有四种形式： (1)形容词性物主代词动名词； (2)名词s动名词； (3)代词宾格动名词； (4)名词动名词。 当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成，用(1)(2)两种形式。,当动名词用作宾语时，可以用以上四种

13、形式。如： His/Jacks not getting to the station on time made all of us worried. 他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们很担心。 Do you mind my/me/Jacks/Jack leaving now? 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？ 2.在It is no use/no good/useless/a waste of time中，常接v.-ing的形式，即动名词作主语，it是形式主语。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.My ambassador

14、ial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国) 2. (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽) 3. (understand) your own

15、 needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.(2014湖南),答案,高考链接2,introducing,Ignoring,Understanding,4.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without (recognize).(2014北京) 5.When it comes to (speak) in public，no one can match h

16、im.(2014江西) .单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国) 2.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国) _,答案,being recognized,speaking,taketaking,wearwearing,3.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江) _ 4.Weve been s

17、pending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川) 5.My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015陕西),答案,返回,sitsitting,singsinging,enjoyenjoying,.写出下列句子中动名词的用法 1.Shall we have a rest or get down to our work？(介词宾语) 2. is .(主语和表语) 3.There is no wh

18、at will happen.(表语) 4.I was met by a party at the airport.(定语) 5.Im looking forward to him again.(介词宾语) 6. after work is very .(主语和表语) 7.I cant imagine ever this company.(宾语) 8.It is no use about such a matter.(主语),如何写广告,当堂达标 检测巩固,答案,doing,Seeing,believing,telling,welcoming,seeing,Swimming,relaxing,

19、leaving,arguing with him,.把下列句子变为被动语态 1.People use a great deal of water in this city. A great deal of water in this city. 2.Can I answer this question in simple English? this question in simple English? 3.You should pay more attention to your table manners. Your table manners . More attention your

20、table manners. 4.He gave her some money. She some money by him. Some money her by him.,答案,is used,Can,be answered,should be paid more attention to,should be paid to,was given,was given to,5.I saw him come this morning. He this morning. 6.The manager has not signed the papers. The papers by the manag

21、er. 7.Do many people speak Chinese outside China? Chinese by many people outside China? 8.The police are looking into the matter. The matter by the police.,答案,返回,was seen to come,have not been signed,spoken,is being looked into,Is,写作专题,文体指导 本单元的写作要求是就某一社会问题写信给媒体陈述自己的观点，它应符合一般书信的格式。英文书信的构成可分为6个部分： 1.

22、信头(Heading) 包括写信人的地址和日期，通常放在信笺的右上角，顺序是先写地址，后写日期，地址和日期的写法都要符合英语的习惯。写地址应由小到大：门牌号码、街名、城(县)名、省名、国名，这同汉语的习惯完全相反。,如何和给报社写信,基础点拨,2.收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address) 写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址。它位于信笺的左上角，从左边略低于写信日期一、二行处顶格写起。先写姓名、头衔，后写地址。格式与写信人地址的写法一致。 3.称呼(Salutation) 称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如Dear，Mr.Uncle，各种称呼因人而异

23、。在称呼后面一般用逗号，但也可用冒号。称呼一般以Dear.或My dear.开头。给亲属写信时在Dear或My Dear后面加上亲属关系的词即可，如Dear Dad，Dear Uncle，My Dear Grandma等；写给小辈或平辈可直呼其名，如Dear Xiao Jun，Dear Charlie，My Dear Mary等；写给不太熟悉的人常在Dear或My Dear后加上“某先生”或“某太太”等，如Dear Mr.(姓)/Dear Mrs.(丈夫的姓)。,4.正文(Body of the Letter) 正文是信件的主体部分，是写信人给收信人要谈论或陈述的内容。正文要求文字简明达意，层

24、次分明，字迹清晰。正文应在称呼下两行开始，信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐，也可后退四个字母。 5.结束语(Complimentary Close) 结束语的一般写法有： Yours faithfully，Faithfully yours，Yours truly，Truly yours，Sincerely yours等。 在谦称语之后，必须加上逗号。结束语通常写在正文最后一行的下边，常用的结束语有：Wish you good luck！Wish you success！Give my love/regards to.等。,6.署名(Signature) 最好是用墨水钢笔亲笔签名，即

25、使是用打字机打出的信件，最后仍需亲笔签名。签名的位置是在谦称语下面一至二行。除了对熟悉或亲密的人以外，签名必须写全姓名。,常用句式 1.Im writing to tell you the discussion weve had about. 2.Im very glad to write to you about. 3.There have been different opinions. 4.Opinions are divided on the question. 5.It is certain that we do have different opinions on this mat

26、ter. 6.students think/hold (the belief) that/have argued that/are against the idea/dont accept the idea/feel strongly against the idea. 7.Some people are in favour of/support/are for the idea of doing. 8.As far as Im concerned，./In my opinion，.,写作任务 近几年，考生该不该复读这一话题一直为社会所关注。假如你是李华，下面是你班同学就此问题的讨论结果，请你

27、给某英文报社写一封信，介绍一下讨论的情况，并谈谈你的看法。 多数学生认为可以复读： 1.对于高考失利的同学又多了一次机会； 2.多复习一年更有把握考上理想的大学，有利于将来的就业。 少数学生认为不该复读：,佳作构建,1.对应届生不公平； 2.增加家庭经济负担； 3.考大学不是唯一的出路。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：复读retake classes,Dear Editor， Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether students should re

28、take classes. Yours faithfully， Li Hua,审题谋篇 第一步明确要求 该写作属于书信类写作，主题是对复读的看法，属于社会现象写作，故应以 人称为主；在表达自己观点时应该符合事实，避免和上面观点重复。 第二步确定段落 本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手： Para.1 Para.2 Para.3,答案,第三,已经给出，提出写信的目的；,分别针对两种观点进行写作，分析具体原因；,提出自己的看法。,第三步词汇热身 本文可能会运用以下词汇和短语： 1.支持，赞同 2.为作准备 3.另一方面 4.增加 5.只要,答案,in favour of,make preparatio

29、ns for/prepare for,on the other hand,add to,so long as,第四步扩点成句 1.他们认为复读对那些高考失利的人来说意味着多一次机会。 (一般表达)They believe it is another chance to the students who have failed once. (高级表达)They believe retaking classes means another chance to have failed once.,答案,those,who,2.通过一年的努力学习，他们能够为进入一所满意的大学做好准备，以便将来能够获得

30、一份好的工作。 (一般表达)By one years hard work，they can prepare for a satisfactory university and they can get a better job in the future. (高级表达)Through one years hard work，they can a satisfactory university _ get a better job in the future.,答案,make better preparations for entering,so as to,3.我们可以得出结论大部分高三学生睡眠不足。