高考英语一轮复习语法专项三形容词和副词课件外研版.ppt

1、三、形容词和副词,考点1 形容词和副词的词形变化 1. 形容词后缀 (1)-able: v. +able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable等。 n. +able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable等。 (2)-ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible等。,(3)-al: international, mental, medical, natural, general等。 (4)-ant或-ent: instant, distant, constant, impor

2、tant, patient, different, absent等。 (5)-ed或-ing: interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing等。 (6)-en: wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken等。,(7)-ern: eastern, southern, western, northern等。 (8)-ful: n. +ful: colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。 v. +ful: forgetful, careful等。 (9)-less: fearless

3、, harmless, useless, helpless等。 (10)-ly: friendly, lovely, daily, weekly等。,(11)n. /v. +(i)ous: curious, dangerous, various, anxious等。 (12)-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome等。 (13)n. +-y: funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。,2. 形容词前缀 (1)un-: unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary

4、等。 (2)im-: impossible, impolite, impatient等。 (3)in-: inactive, inconvenient, incorrect等。 (4)dis-: disabled, dishonest等。,(5)ir-: irregular, irresponsible等。 (6)il-: illegal等。,3. 副词后缀 一般都是adj. +-ly构成, 如simplesimply等。 【点津】注意以-e结尾的形容词变副词时有的去掉e, 有的不去e, 直接加-ly。例如: definitedefinitely, truetruly。,【典例剖析】用所给词的

5、适当形式填空 (2016全国卷)The title will be_(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.,解题关键: 此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我, 根据句子结构可知, 应该使用副词作状语修饰动词given。 答案判定: officially,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2016全国卷)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 2. (20

6、16四川高考)Chinese scientists _(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.,gradually,recently,3. (2016浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, _(especial) if you are travelling at high speed. 4. (2015全国卷)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot

7、 days and give out that heat _ (slow) during cool nights.,especially,slowly,5. (2015全国卷)As _(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 6. (2014全国卷)The river was so polluted that it _(actual) caught fire and

8、burned.,natural,actually,7. (2014辽宁高考)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _ (soft).,softly,8. (2014全国卷)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _(sudden) became friendly to one another. 9. (2016全国卷)Instea

9、d, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (改错) _,suddenly,steady改为steadily,10. (2016全国卷)At one time, I ever felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. (改错) _ 11. (2015全国卷)How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. (改错) _,freely改为free,terrible

10、改为terribly,12. (2014辽宁高考)That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. (改错) _,closely改为close,考点2 形容词和副词的基本用法 1. 在高考语法填空和短文改错中会涉及一些常见的、与派生词变化无关的基本形容词和副词的用法, 如before, ago, many, much, ever, never等。,2. 有些副词, 如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等, 作评注性状语

11、, 往往修饰整个句子, 而且它们常位于句首, 且有逗号与后面句子分开。把握这样的结构和用法特点, 有助于快速填空。,3. 连接副词的用法,【点津】注意however是常考词, 而且尤其要注意, 所填空位于句首时, 勿忘大写第一个字母! 短文改错中可能会涉及对这些副词逻辑语意的考查。 *Many of us were raised with the saying “Waste not, want not. ”None of us, however, can completely avoid waste in our lives.,【典例剖析】单句改错 (2015全国卷)Much rare ani

12、mals are dying out.,解题关键: 可数名词复数animals前应该用many修饰。注意: 首字母应该大写。 答案判定: 句中的MuchMany,【高考题组】单句改错 1. (2014全国卷)Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. _,before改为ago,2. (2014全国卷)There are so much tomatoes that we often share them with our neighbors. _ 3

13、. (2015陕西高考)I thought the biscuits were really well. _,much改为many,well改为good,4. (2013全国卷)I remember my grandfather very much. _ 5. (2013全国卷)However, he was the gentlest man I have never known. _,much改为well/clearly,never改为ever,考点3 比较级、最高级的用法 有关比较级和最高级的考查主要有以下几点: 1. 等级用法的固定句式 (1)as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . 像一

14、样 (2)as+adj. +a(n)+n. 单数+as. . . 像一样 (3)not so/as+形容词或副词原级+as. . . 不如那样,(4)too/how+adj. +a/an+单数名词的固定句型 (5)as many+复数名词+as. . . 或者as much+不可数名词+as. . . 和一样多 (6)表示“两者中较的一个”, 用“the+比较级”的结构。,注意: as much+a/an+n. 单数+as. . . 既是又是 *It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science

15、. 人们通常认为教学既是一门艺术也是一门科学。,2. 修饰比较级的副词及副词短语 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many times, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even, no等。见到这些词时, 首先考虑所填空是否要用比较级或最高级形式。 注意: very, quite, fairly, too等通常修饰原级。,3. 否定词十比较级表示最高级 Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before. 你的故事太完美了, 我之前从来没有

16、听过比这更好的故事。 I cant agree more. 我非常同意。,【点津】(1)对于形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的考查具有比较直接化的特点, 常出现标志性的单词, 如as, than等, 也常通过设置语境, 让考生判断用原级、比较级还是最高级, 所以准确理解语境意义, 理顺上下文逻辑关系也是解题关键。,(2)在写作中要注意对“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”这一句式结构的掌握, 在两个the+比较级的后面的两个分句都要用陈述语序。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibiliti

17、es at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of _ (great) and less importance.,解题关键: 空格处和less importance是并列关系, 应用比较级。 答案判定: greater,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错 1. (2015北京高考)I didnt realize how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some _ (quiet) music at night. 2. (2015

18、天津高考)It was also much more than we could afford, but far _(little) than the original asking price.,quieter,less,3. (2015天津高考)He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the _(good) advice Ive ever had. 4. (2014全国卷)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river

19、 is _(clean) than ever.,best,cleaner,5. (2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. (改错) _ 6. (2016四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Moms favoritest. (改错) _,worse改为worst,favoritest改为favorite,7. (2015陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. (改错) _ 8. (2013浙江高考)To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younge