语法专题2.ppt

1、语法专题二冠词,冠词的考查重点在其基本用法上，如常用短语中冠词的用法；可数和不可数名词前的冠词使用；抽象名词用作具体人或事件时冠词的使用；泛指与特指的区别；类指与专指的区别；在掌握冠词的基本用法的同时，还应考虑结合具体的语言环境等问题。,(一)不定冠词的用法 1用于物质名词前，表示泛指某一种人或事。 如：A steel worker makes steel. 2指某种人或事中的一个。 如：My father is a teacher. 3表示“每一”的概念。 如：John goes shopping twice a week.(one, every) A week is divided int

2、o seven days. 4指某一个人或物，但不具体说是什么人或物。 如：A Mr. Johnson phoned and left a message for you.(a certain),5固定词组中。 如：at a time once upon a time a few a little a good many a great many of. 6“一种、一场”等单数概念。 如：A heavy rain prevented them from going out. What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee.,7与抽象名词连用。

3、 Its a pleasure to work with you. Its a pity that you cant swim. Thank you, Tim. You have done me a kindness. 8在quite, rather, many, half, what, such等词之后。 9在so(as, too, how)形容词之后。,(二)定冠词的用法 1表示特定的或上文已提到过的人或事。 如：(1)John bought a TV and a radio, but there was something wrong with the TV. (2)Could you

4、pass me the dictionary? (3)Do you know the girl playing basketball there? 2独一无二的东西前。 如：the moon, the earth, the sun. 3序数词，最高级前。 如：the second story, the largest room.,4专有名词前。 如：the Untied Nations, the Peoples Republic of China. 5江河湖海前。 如：the Changjiang River, the Atlantic. 6固定词组中。 如：on the left, in t

5、he east, in the morning, on the other hand. 7某些形容词前，表示一类人或物。 如：the poor, the rich.,8姓氏的复数形式前。 如：The Turners, The Wangs. 9特指。 如：The horse is a useful animal. 10器乐前。 如：play the piano. 11年代前。 如：in the 1980s. 12发明物的单数名词前。,如：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. Alexander Graham Bell

6、 invented the telephone in 1876. 13表一类人。 如：the Irish, the English, the French. 14特殊的场合。 如：lead sb. by the hand, beat sb. on the nose. The sooner, the better. by the yard/hour/year. the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two.,15当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰时。 如：He is playing the music written b

7、y Beethoven.,(三)不用冠词的情况 1专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前。 如：China/Wood is a very useful material./Life is short. 2名词前有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格修饰。 如：This book is mine. 3季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐前。 如：March, May Day, Sunday, National Day,4称呼语或表示头衔职位的名词作宾语、补语或同位语。 如：Lincoln was made President of the United States. People all cheered for

8、Deng Yaping, winner of the game. 5学科名称、棋类、球类名称前。 如：English is taught in most middle schools. The old are playing chess under the tree. 6复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物前。 如：Cats dont like cold weather.,7与by连用的交通工具名词前。 如：by car, by bus. 8系动词turn“变成”后作表语的单数名词前。 如：He turned writer. 9as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前。 如：Child as he w

9、as, he had to make a living. 10固定词组中。 如：husband and wife, brother and sister day and night, go to school at home, on foot.,(四)有无冠词含义不同,(五)冠词在一些句型中的使用 1the moment/day/hour, the first time, by the time引导的时间状语从句。 如：The train had left the station by the time I got there. I thought her nice and honest th

10、e first time I met her. 2This/That/Itbethe first/second timethatclause(定语从句)句型中，若主句中用一般现在时，从句谓语就用现在完成时；若主句中用一般过去时，从句就用过去完成时。,如：This is the happiest evening that I have ever had in my life. That was the second time that I had been to Beijing. 3序数词、最高级作主语，表语用动词不定式，不能用动名词。 如：The first thing she did was

11、 to teach me how to play. 4作序数词、最高级的定语，只用动词不定式，不能用动名词。 如：He is always the first to come and the last to leave.,(六)冠词使用应当注意的几个问题 1冠词的省略 在as引导的让步状语从句中，需用倒装，且作表语的名词前的冠词要省略。 如：Child as he is, he knows a lot. Tallest as she is, she can not reach the top of the blackboard. 2冠词的位置 (1)不定冠词副词形容词名词。 如：This is

12、 a very interesting story.,(2)such/what/quite/rather不定冠词形容词名词。 如：Ive never seen such a film. What a good idea it is! (3)as/so/too/however/enough形容词不定冠词名词。 如：I cant finish the task in so short a time. This seems not too long a distance. We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.,(4)half/twice/t

13、hree timesthe名词。 如：He paid twice the price for it. Their house is three times the size of yours. (5)all/both/doublethe名词。 如：Both the blind men were mistaken. All of the students in our class are eager to know the secret.,3冠词在主谓一致中的运用 (1)复数主语用单数动词的情况。 如：The United States lies in North America. The Ne

14、w York Times is read all over the Untied States. This pair of trousers is his brothers. The number of people in this factory is over two hundred. (2)单数主语用复数动词的情况。 如：The police are searching for a thief. The Chinese are kind and friendly. The old are taken good care of in a hospital.,(3)同是单数主语，谓语动词形式

15、不同的情况。 如：The public is the best judge. 公众是最好的判断者。 The public are requested to write down their names in this book. 大家应邀在这个本子上留名。,(4)并列主语与谓语动词一致关系。 如：The_teacher_and_writer has come to the meeting. (老师兼作家) The_teacher_and_the_writer have come to the meeting. (老师和作家) Many_a_desk_and_many_a_chair_is to

16、 be taken out of the hall.,4序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第”之意，但在second, third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。 如：He reached out for a second arrow. 比较：He is a top student in our class, and he often get a_first_in_maths.(第一名，冠军),1.(2009江西)Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the worl

17、d. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a,2(2009四川)In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the,3(2009浙江)I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan. A. the; a B. /; the C. the; / D.

18、a; the,4(2009辽宁)This area experienced _ heaviest rainfall in _ month of May. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a,5(2009安徽)We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the,6(2009重庆)Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide a

19、ttention and Haier has become _ popular name. A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a,7(2009陕西)What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the,8(2009北京)The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story buil

20、ding. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a,9(2009全国)What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting. A. a; / B. the; / C. the; an D. a; the,10(2009全国)Lets go to _ cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for _ while. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a,11(2009江西重点中学协作体联考)_ killin

21、g of unarmed citizens in the Gaza Strip left people in _ anger around the Arabic world. A. The; a B. /; a C. The; / D. A; a,12(2009金丽衢十二校联考)Reading is _ good habit. Stick to it, and youll make _ great progress. A. a; / B. a; a C. the; a D. /; a,13(2009西城区抽样)The people of China are proud of Zhai Zhig

22、ang, _ man who has realized all Chinese dream of flying in _ space. A. the; / B. a; the C. the; a D. a; /,14(2009青岛教学检测)In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. a; / C. the; the D. the; a,15(2009苏、锡、常、镇四市教学调查)What else can we do? An international effort is required

23、 to cope with _ urgent need of _ earthquake victims. A. the; the B. a; an C. an; a D. a; the,16(2009潍坊教学检测)My flight was delayed because of _ heavy rain. But you are just in _ time for the discussion. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; / D. the; /,17(2009南京调研)Babies are not born with _ moral sense; they cant

24、 tell _ difference between right and wrong. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. /; a,18(2009石家庄毕业班教学质检)What do you think of our new partner? Oh, he is _ easygoing person. Its _ pleasure to work with him. A. a; a B. a; the C. an; / D. an; a,19(2009南昌调研)_ Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, _ dis

25、tance from Marathon to Athens. A. The; the B. /; a C. An; a D. /; the,20(2009江西九所重点中学联考)Obama has been elected _ first black president of the United States, and the international society expects to have _ new USA under his leadership. A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the,21(2009郑州毕业班质量预测)Late i

26、n the afternoon, they arrived at _ small village _ north of the West Hill. A. the; the B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /,22(2009东城区示范校质检)Some of the exercises appear to be _ ones that you have done, but after taking _ second look, you will find that they are different. A. /; the B. the; the C. the; a D. t

27、he; /,23(2009海淀区期末)By _ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself. A. a; the B. the; the C. /; a D. the; /,24(2009皖南八校联考)What _ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games! But I still support him. After all

28、, he is in poor health. A. /; the B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the,25(2009南京调研)Jacques Rogge, _ president of the IOC, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of _ Beijing Olympic Games on Aug. 8, 2008. A. /; the B. the; the C. the; / D. /; /,26(2009扬州调研)Frank studied _ English language in London f

29、or four years, so he gets _ good knowledge of London. A. a; the B. /; / C. /; a D. the; a,27(2009南通调研)What lesson China can draw from _ global financial crisis has become _ hot topic among us students. A. the; a B. /; a C. a; the D. /; the,28(2009宁波教学检测)What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as?

30、 As _ inventor of _ telephone. A. an; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the,29(2009杭州教学检测)Mom, I lost _ diamond ring you bought as my birthday present. Ill keep _ eye on it when I clean your bedroom. A. a; an B. the; the C. the; an D. a; the,30(2009石家庄毕业班教学检测)Please do me _ favor and pass me the cup of

31、_ coffee. A. the; / B. a; / C. a; the D. the; the,31(2009南昌调研)Polar bears live mostly on _ sea ice, which they use as _ platform for hunting seals. A. a; a B. a; the C. /; a D. the; /,32(2009东北三校联合模拟)At first, it seemed that everything went well, but all of _ sudden, the ship hit _ iceberg. A. a; an

32、 B. a; the C. the; the D. /; an,33(2009西安八校联考)What _ whole world is concerned about is whether the US can find _ cure for the financial crisis of today. A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. the; the,34(2009南京质检)Chinas first moon probe satellite Change1 sent back _ greetings to _ earth on Sunday, Chinas Mi

33、dAutumn Festival. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /,35(2009西安八校联考)Would you mind giving your advice on how to improve our business management? If you make _ most of the equipment, there will be _ rise in production. A. /; / B. the; a C. /; a D. the; /,36(2009杭州教学检测)_ China well see in the year

34、 2015 will be quite _ different country from what it is now. A. /; a B. The; a C. The; the D. /; /,37(2009南通调研)As is reported, _ Iraqi reporter called W. Bush, _ President of the USA, a “dog” and threw his shoes at him on Sunday during a news conference in Baghdad in December. A. an; a B. the; the C

35、. the; / D. an; /,38(2009西城模拟)One of the two brothers turned _ musician while the other became _ singer. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. /; a,39(2010宁夏银川一中期末)I dont think the experiment is _ failure, because it has provided us with _ valuable experience for our future tests. A. a; a B. a; / C. /; /

36、 D. /; a,40(2010安徽蚌埠二中)What I am looking for is _ book that contains _ ABC of computer. A. a; 不填 B. a; the C. the; an D. the; 不填,答案 1A。考查冠词用法。pollution是不可数名词，air pollution是泛指，所以不用冠词；后一个空格处特指全世界的天气，所以用定冠词the。 2B。考查冠词。第一空用不定冠词表泛指，表示“一份更好的工作”；第二空用不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“又一”。句意：为了找一份更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。 3D。考查冠词的用法。ha

37、ve got a rough idea of“大致了解”，故第一空用不定冠词；第二空特指彼此都知道的那个project plan，用定冠词。所以这里选D项。,4C。考查冠词。第一空用定冠词，与最高级连用；第二空用定冠词，表示特指“五月”。 5A。考查冠词的用法。句中sky与world都表示泛指，a表示“一”这个数量，相当于“one”。 6B。考查冠词。attention是不可数名词，而且在本题中是泛指的概念，因此第一空不用冠词；第二空处用不定冠词a表示泛指，意为“某一，一个”，即海尔成了一个知名品牌。 7C。考查冠词。该句是感叹句，What a pity that.为固定句型，所以第一空用不定

38、冠词a；而第二空依据语境应该是谈话双方都知道的事物，所以用定冠词the。,8D。考查冠词的用法。句意：最大的鲸鱼是蓝鲸，可以长到大约29米长其高度相当于一座9层楼的高度。前一空格处是“the单数可数名词”表类指；后一个空格处是泛指。 9D。考查冠词。第一空表示泛指，填不定冠词a；the ABC of.“的基础知识”，用the表特指。语意为：我需要一本油画基础方面的书。 10B。考查冠词。短语go to the cinema“去看电影”，是固定短语，第一空填the；短语for a while/a moment/an instant表示“(动作或状态持续)一会儿”，因此第二空应填a。,11C。考查

39、冠词的用法。句意：在加沙地带对没有武装的市民的屠杀让阿拉伯世界的人民极度愤慨。killing后面有定语修饰，因此第一个空格是特指；in anger是固定搭配，表示“愤怒”。 12A。考查冠词。第一个空选a表示“一种”；progress是不可数名词，故前面不加冠词，make progress意为“取得进步”。 13D。考查冠词的用法。_ man是同位语结构，用不定冠词a；第二空是固定用法，在space, society, nature等词前面不用冠词。句意：中国人民都以翟志刚为荣，他实现了所有中国人遨游太空的梦想。所以这里选D。,14D。考查冠词。用于可数名词的单数前，指类别，故第一个空用the

40、；第二空表示一类事物中的一个，故用a。 15A。考查冠词。由语境可以推断出他们是在谈论地震的救援工作，因此urgent need与earthquake前面都应该使用定冠词，表示特指。 16D。考查冠词。第一个空表示特指，故此处用定冠词the；第二个空处的in time是固定短语，中间不加任何冠词。,17C。考查冠词。moral sense意思是“是非感；正义感”。第一空处指孩子不会生来就有是非感，因此用不定冠词；第二空处考查的是固定短语tell the difference between.and.，因此正确答案是C。 18D。考查冠词的用法。用于easygoing是以元音音素开头的，故第一空

41、填不定冠词an，表示泛指，an easygoing person表“一个随和的人”；第二空也填不定冠词，a pleasure指“一件令人愉快的事情”。,19A。考查冠词。第一空处Olympic Marathon“奥运会马拉松”为普通名词构成的专有名词，必须用定冠词the；逗号之后的名词短语作同位语，对前面的26 miles and 385 yards进行补充和解释，特指从马拉松到雅典的距离，因此第二空也要填定冠词the。 20C。考查冠词。第一空后的名词由first“第一个”限定，其前面应该用the；而第二空处a new USA表示“一个新美国”，为泛指。,21B。考查冠词。第一空处表示“他们

42、到达一个小村庄”，用不定冠词表示泛指。村子在“西山的北方”，因此第二空不填冠词。短语north of the West Hill相当于to the north of the West Hill，表示“在西山的北方”。 22C。考查冠词的用法。第一个空格后有定语从句that you have done修饰，因而是特指；第二空处为不定冠词与序数词连用，表示“再一，又一”。,23C。考查冠词。固定短语by nature表示“天生，生性”，故第一空不填冠词；第二空填不定冠词a表示泛指。 24B。第一空处指“令人失望的事”，抽象名词具体化应用不定冠词；第二空处特指“第29届北京奥运会”序数词前应用定冠词