虚拟语气讲义(15个句式)

1、虚拟语气讲义1 虚拟语气句型1If + were/ did/ (动词的过去式), 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do 。 (表示对现在的假设)eg. If I were you, I would not be so proud . 如果我是你,我不会如此自负. eg. I dont have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others 我没有手机， 如果我有手机的话， 和别人联系就方便的多了。 eg. If I were in y

2、our position, I would think better of it . 如果我处在你现在的境地， 我会重新考虑然后放弃。 2. 虚拟语气句型2If + had done, 主语+would/ might/ should / could + have done 表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设。eg. What a pity it is that you didnt attended the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer. 真遗憾你

3、昨天没有去听音乐会。 如果你去了，你就会见到那位名歌手。 eg. Anyone in his position would have done the same = If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same.3. 虚拟语气句型3If + were/ did(动词过去式)/should/ were to do , 主语+would/ might/ should / could + do (表示对将来的假设).eg. If he should refuse (= if he were to refuse = if

4、 he refused ), it wouldnt matter 万一他拒绝了. 那也没有什么关系. eg. If you shouldnt pass the college entrance examination, what would you do? 万一你高考不中，你该怎么办？4. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可省去if，可将主语与这些词倒装，构成虚拟倒装句。 eg. Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做， 就要受罚。eg. Had the doctor

5、come in time ast night, the boy would have been saved.eg. Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.eg. Had I enough money (= if I had enough money, I would buy a large house.5. 虚拟语气句型4if only 引起的感叹句, 相当于“How I wish宾语从句” 意为 “但愿， 要是就好了”。eg. If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。eg. I

6、f only we students didnt have so much homework.! 要是没有这么多作业该多好！eg. If only I hadnt been so careless in the exam ! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了！6虚拟语气句型5What if ? 要是 怎么办？ （可以用于虚拟，也可以表示真实情况）eg. What if he comes? 要是他来怎么办？eg. What if it rains when we cant get under shelter. 如果下起雨来，我们没处躲雨怎么办？eg. What if you were to run ou

7、t of money? 假如你的钱用光了，你将怎么办？7. 虚拟语气句型6if it were not for ( = were it not for)if it hadnt been for( = had it not been for) “要不是因为有; 如果不是。”eg. If it hadnt been for ( Had it not been for) the determined captain , all the passengers on board wouldnt have been saved. 要不是因为有意志坚定的船长， 船上的旅客就不会得救。eg. If it we

8、re not for your rich parents, we couldnt live so easy a life . 要不是因为你有钱的父母， 你的生活不会如此安逸。 8 虚拟语气句型7but for, but that, but for + 名词 和but that+ 从句， 意为 “倘若不是，要不是”， 接虚拟语气。eg. But for air and water, nothing could live. 如果没有空气和水， 什么东西都难以存活。 = If there were no air or water, nothing could live. eg. But for th

9、e storm, we should have arrived earlier. = if it hadnt been for the storm. We should have arrived. 如果不是暴风雨，我们本该早点到达。eg. She could not have believed it, but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。 9 虚拟语气句型8在suggest, propose, insist, demand, required, request, order 等表示建议、要求、命令的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型： 主语（should）动

10、词原形。eg. Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）eg. We suggested that the meeting (should) not be held.eg. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.（主语从句）eg. The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）eg. That is their demand that their

11、wages (should) be increased.（表语从句）10 虚拟语气句型9its necessary/ important that sb should do, should 可以省略eg. With the society developing very fast, its quite necessary /important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展， 我们有必要精通英语和电脑。 eg. Its necessary that John take the e

12、xam first. 约翰有必要先参加考试11 虚拟语气句型10its strange / a pity/ surprising that sb should do, should 表示“竟然”eg. Its a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了这次机会。eg. Its really surprising that a prophecy (预言) should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是， 预言和事实竟然如此巧合。 eg. its strange that he shouldnt

13、pass the exam 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。12 虚拟语气句型11wish+宾语从句, 表示不大可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望 ： 主语过去时；表示过去的愿望： 主语had过去分词；表示未来的愿望： 主语would（could）原形。eg. How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves!eg. I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadnt wasted so much time playing . eg. What a pity you cant go to t

14、he party . How I wish I could dance with you at the party.13 虚拟语气句型12Its (high /about) time that sb did /should do 早就该, eg. Its time that you went to school = Its time that you should go to school. 你该上学了。eg. Its high time that we did something to improve our environment. 我们早该为环保做些事情了。14 虚拟语气句型13woul

15、d rather that sb did “宁愿; 更愿意” , 表示现在或将来的愿望would rather that sb had done “宁愿; 更愿意” , 表示过去的愿望eg. Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我想让你现在去邮信eg. Id rather you were not a celebrated actor . In that case, we could spend more time together我倒情愿你不是什么名演员， 这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。 .eg. Id rather that I had

16、nt seen her . 我情愿没有见到她.15. 虚拟语气句型14as if（though）+主语 + did/ had done, 表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时eg. Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children， so all the students in our class think highly of her. 班主任老师对待我们就像对待自己的孩子。 班里所有学生都对她有很高的评价。 eg. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been ther

17、e.Alan 谈起罗马来就好像他去过似的。 虚拟语气 练习 (1)1. If the earthquake had happened in the day-time, there _ many more deaths.A. wereB. would have been C. had beenD. would be分析：If条件句虚拟语气表示说话人的假设，而不表示客观存在的事实，其通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。其形式为： 主语 + 动词过去式/be用were, 主语 + would, could, might, should +do （表现在）if 主语 + had done, 主语 + wou

18、ld, could, might, should + have done （表过去）动词过去式 主语 + were to do 主语 + would, could, might, should + doshould do（表将来） 本题所给的条件句的时间为去，所以主句也应用过去，答案为B2. Im glad we had a map. Im sure we _ if we _ one.A. would have got lost; hadnt hadB. would get lost; hadntC. couldnt have got lost; had hadD. may get lost;

19、 dont have3. If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel, more birds and animals _ dying out.A. ought to avoidB. could have been avoidedC. should have avoidedD. might have avoided4. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smilingB. couldnt have

20、smiledC. wont smileD. didnt smile答案：14 BADA5. - Well done, Jack! - Thanks. But given more time, I _ it better.A. shouldnt have doneB. could have doneC. might not doD. could do分析：有时为了表达需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。本题用but连词来表示。但应注意的是but后所跟的多是直陈语气，表事实。例：I might have given you more help, but I

21、was too busy.其它有类似用法的词有：otherwise, or等。 例：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.本题中given more time = if I had been g

22、iven more time,表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以本题答案应为。6. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be very happy if I _ of service to you.A. would beB. have beenC. should be D. am7. I would have come to see you earlier, but I _ too busy.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. would be9. I _ you a valuable present for your b

23、irthday, but I was short of money at that time.A. would have givenB. liked to giveC. liked to have givenD. would like to give.10. - Why didnt you buy the gold ring? - I _, but I didnt have the money.A. wouldB. had boughtC. boughtD. would have11. - Could you give me a ride to the City Hall? - I _. Bu

24、t Im late for the meeting on the other side of the town.A. couldB. might C. would D. should12. Oh, what a pity. It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs, I wanted to show you, but Ive left them at the table at home.A. would have been B. would beC. had beenD. was答案：512 BCCBA DCA13.The injured b

25、oy _ the examinations but for the help of his kind classmates.A. should have passedB. must have failedC. would have failedD. might have passed分析：should have done本应该（实际没有）做; must have done肯定已经.，表对过去的肯定推测；would have done 1) 表对必然发生的事情的肯定推测 2）表虚拟，意思为本来会（实际没有）做; might have done 1)表对发生事情的不太有把握的推测，意思是可能已经

26、2）表虚拟，意思是本来可以（实际没有）。句中but for 意思是“要不是”，常与虚拟语气连用。代替虚拟语气的条件句。类似的可以代替条件状语从句的介词还有 with, without等。例如：What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars.)We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (= if we hadnt got your help)根据句意应选C。14. _ the hard rain, she

27、would have gone to the theatre last night.A. In caseB. Because ofC. But forD. Thanks to答案：1314 CC15. _, it would be silly to argue any longer.A. Was that trueB. If that was trueC. Should that be trueD. Could that be true 分析：在条件句中，可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，变为倒装句式。例： Were I at school again (If I we

28、re at school again) I would study harder.所以本题答案为C答案: 15. C16. If only we _ about the danger, we couldnt have joined you.A. knewB. had knownC. would knowD. should know17. - Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I _ your advice. - Dont worry. Try again.A. followB. would followC. had followed

29、D. have followed分析：这两道题考虚拟语气在if only引导的感叹句中的应用。18. - Are you sure he is able to do the work well? - _ he would give his mind to it.A. In caseB. If onlyC. UntilD. Unless答案：1618 BCB19. - What would you wish to do if you were a college student again? - Thats very hard to say, but I wish I _ when I was

30、a college student.A. has not studied biologyB. did study biologyC. had studied biologyD. studied biology 分析：wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其结构形式为： 谓语动词用过去时，表与现在事实相反主语+wish+(that)从句 谓语动词用过去完成时，表与过去事实相反谓语动词用多用would或could + do形式，表将来例：I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. I wish (

31、that) I had met that film star yesterday. I wish (that) it wouldnt rain tomorrow.本题中when I was a college student这个时间状语说明wish的是过去的事情，所以本题答案为C答案：19C20. He nodded his head and smiled, which suggested that he _ what I said.A. would understandB. had understoodC. understandD. has understood分析：可用于表坚持、建议、要求

32、、命令等词后的宾语从句中，其结构为：should+动词原形，should可省。如：He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.注意：suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意时，不用虚拟语气，用陈述语气。如：The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.在本题中suggest为“暗示”的意思，所以应排除虚拟语气的形式，根据上下文的事态应选择B。21. Tom insisted what he said _ true and we insi

33、sted that he _ and have a look.A. be; should goB. should be; would goC. was; goD. was; would go答案：2021 BC22. All present were for the plan that trees _ on either side of the road.A. had to plantB. be plantedC. should plantD. would be planted分析：在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advic

34、e等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气，其结构为：should+动词原形，should可省。如： My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.答案：21 B23. Bring your raincoat along in case that it _ rain this afternoon.A. canB. mayC. should D. must分析：in case后也可跟should + do形式的虚拟语气，表万一，指现在或将来。In case后也可跟直陈语气，如：Take your raincoat,

35、in case it should rain /rains.答案: 22 C 虚拟语气 练习 (2)1. If he had not lost his money, he _ the piano last week.A. would buy B. had boughtC. could have boughtD. bought2. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable.A. will wait B. is going to waitC. waitsD. wait3. The professor gave orders that t

36、he test _ before 5:30. p.m.A. be finishedB. will finishC. must be finishedD. should finished4. _ I known it, I should have told him.A. HaveB. HadC. HavingD. If5. I do wish I _ more about the subject.A. have knownB. knewC. knowD. will know6. How does your aunt act? - She acts as if she _ an expert.A.

37、 wereB. wasC. isD. has been7. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet.A. would take part inB. had taken part in C. took part inD. would have taken part in8. But for the Party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago.A. would have diedB. must have diedC. would dieD. died9. He _ you if you _ to see him

38、that afternoon.A. might tell, were goingB. told, were goingC. might have told, had goneD. should tell, went10. My father was strict. He requested that I _ television on week nights.A. mustnt watchB. not watchC. couldnt watchD. dont watch11. - Why didnt you go to the dance last night?- If I _ tired,

39、I would have.A. were notB. hadnt C. havent beenD. hadnt been12. They would go out even if it _ tomorrow.A. was to rainB. were to rainC. would rainD. will rain13. Were safer in a train than we would be if we _ any other way.A. travelB. have traveledC. had traveledD. traveled14. If we were to be 200 y

40、ears old, we _ everything.A. will changeB. can changeC. could changeD. shall change15. _ somebody call when I am out, _ you please get him or her not leave a message?A. Could, wouldB. Would, couldC. Would, wouldD. Should, could16. Marys uncle insists _ in this hotel.A. not stayingB. not to stayC. th

41、at he not stayD. staying not17. - I cant tell you anything about it.-But it is very important that you _ me all the information.A. giveB. shall giveC. gaveD. will be give18. It is necessary that the question _ at once.A. should be settleB. be settledC. might be settledD. would be settled19. If the t

42、rain leaves at half past ten, there _ no time to lose.A. would B. is C. willD. has20. We demanded that he _ for such a good chance.A. must payB. payC. paidD. had paid21. - What can he do?- I _ that he follow my advice.A. suggestB. hopeC. wishD. believe22. Its a pity that he _ such a good chance.A. missedB. missesC. had missedD.