汉译英原文及参考译文.ppt

1、汉译英原文和译文汇总,一、未来50年的奋斗目标 从19世纪中叶到20世纪中叶100年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，都是实现祖国的独立和民族的解放，彻底结束民族屈辱的历史。这个历史伟业，我们已经完成了。从20世纪中叶到21世纪中叶的100年间，中国人民的一切奋斗，则是为了实现祖国的富强、人民的富裕和民族的伟大复兴。这个历史伟业，我们党领导人民已经奋斗了50年，并取得了巨大的进展，再经过50年的奋斗，必将胜利完成。（184）,Our Objectives in the 50 Years Every struggle that the Chinese people fought during the 10

2、0 years from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century was for the sake of achieving independence of our country and liberation of our nation and putting an end to the history of national humiliation once and for all.This great historic cause has alreadly been complished. All endeavors by the Chinese peo

3、ple for the 100 years from the mid-20th to the mid-21st century are for the purpose of making our motherland strong, the people prosperous and the nation immensely rejuvennated. Our Party has led the entire Chinese people in carrying forward this historic cause for 50 years and made tremendous progr

4、ess, and it will successfully attain the objective trough hard work in the coming 50 years.,二、汉族人的宗教 从历史上看，汉族没有统一的宗教。汉族人的神很多，大致可以分为三类。 一类是古代的神，他们都有明确的职责，如掌管宇宙的玉皇大帝，掌管吃喝和一家祸福的灶神，掌管雨水的龙王，象征长寿的南极寿星。 第二类神是吸收了其他宗教的神而来的，如佛教的如来、弥勒、观音，道教的太上老君和赵公元帅。太上老君是道家对春秋时期有名的哲学家老子的尊称；至于赵公元帅，老百姓把他供作财神。 第三类是历史或传说中的名人，也包括能

5、工巧匠，如关帝，也就是三国时期蜀国的大将关羽，他以忠诚、勇敢、正直闻名。再就是三国时期的名医华佗，还有手艺高超的木匠鲁班等等。,玉皇大帝： the Jade Emperor 灶神： the Kitchen God 龙王： the Dragon King 南极寿星： the South-Pole Star of Longevity 如来： Tathagata 弥勒： Maitreya 观音：Guanyin Bodhisattva 太上老君：the Supreme Old Lord 赵公元帅： General Zhao 关帝： Lord Guan,The Han Peoples Religion,

6、从历史上看，汉族没有统一的宗教。汉族人的神很多，大致可以分为三类。 Historically, the Han people did not have a common religion. They worshiped more than one god, mainly of three kinds.,一类是古代的神，他们都有明确的职责，如掌管宇宙的玉皇大帝，掌管吃喝和一家祸福的灶神，掌管雨水的龙王，象征长寿的南极寿星。 One kind was the gods of ancient times, each of whom had their own power and responsibi

7、lities to perform. For example, the Jade Emperor was in charge of the entire universe, the Kitchen God of food, drinks, happiness and misfortunes, the Dragon King of rain and floods, and the south-Pole Star of Longevity was symbolic of long lives.,第二类神是吸收了其他宗教的神而来的，如佛教的如来、弥勒、观音，道教的太上老君和赵公元帅。太上老君是道家对

8、春秋时期有名的哲学家老子的尊称；至于赵公元帅，老百姓把他供作财神。 Another kind was from different religions, such as Tathagata, Maitreya and the Guanyin Bodhisattva from Buddhism, and the Supreme Old Lord and General Zhao from Taoism. The Supreme Old Lord was actually Laozi, a famous philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. Ge

9、neral Zhao, however, was worshiped as the God of Wealth.,第三类是历史或传说中的名人，也包括能工巧匠，如关帝，也就是三国时期蜀国的大将关羽，他以忠诚、勇敢、正直闻名。再就是三国时期的名医华佗，还有手艺高超的木匠鲁班等等。 The third kind was historical or legendary figures, including skilled people in certain trades. Guan Yu, for example, a well-known general of the Shu Kingdom in

10、the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280), was worshiped as Lord Guan for his loyalty, courage and integrity. Another man, Guan Yus Contemporary, Hua Tuo, was a famous doctor. And Lu Ban, a master carpenter of the Spring and Autumn Period, was also worshiped as a god. And there were more others.,三、史学方法 史学

11、方法是任何历史研究工作者必须学习的课程，也是正确掌握历史研究的一种重要训练。它包括史学家使用的各种技术和准则，通过他们史学家用第一手资源和其他研究证据写出历史。在历史哲学中，合理的历史方法的性质甚至还有可能性等问题，被当作认识论问题提了出来。其追随者则以外部批评、内部批评和综合法为标题，对史学家在研究工作中常用的历史准则进行概括。（173）,史学方法 The Historical Method,史学方法是任何历史研究工作者必须学习的课程，也是正确掌握历史研究的一种重要训练。 它包括史学家使用的各种技术和准则，通过他们史学家用第一手资源和其他研究证据写出历史。,The historical me

12、thod is an obligatory course for anyone engaged in historical research. It is also an important training for a researcher to grasp the essence of his research work.,The historical method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research an

13、d then to write history.,在历史哲学中，合理的历史方法的性质甚至还有可能性等问题，被当作认识论问题提了出来。 其追随者则以外部批评、内部批评和综合法为标题，对史学家在研究工作中常用的历史准则进行概括。,The question of the nature, and indeed the possibility, of sound historical method is raised in the philosophy of history, as a question of epistemology.,The following summarizes the hist

14、ory guidelines commonly used by historians in their work, under the headings of external criticism, internal criticism, and synthesis.,四、中国结 中国结是一种古老的编织艺术。中国人自汉代就把中国结用作装饰。现在的人们仍然对传统中国结复杂的美和编织秘密感到不解。“结”在中文的含义是团聚、友谊、温暖和结婚，等等。所以中国结也成为团聚、幸运、和谐和爱的 象征。 制作传统的中国结必须用一根红绳弯曲、打结、编织，喻义是无穷无尽的幸福生活的循环。这是中国结最重要的特征。把

15、不同的结和其它的吉祥饰物巧妙的结合在一起，就是一个独特的吉祥饰品，特别是代表美、幸福和愿望的红色。,Chinese knot is actually an ancient art of weaving and Chinese people have used knots as decorations since the Han Dynasty. Now people in China are still intrigued by the secrets and complicated beauty of traditional red knots. Knot in Chinese has th

16、e meanings of reunion, friendliness, warmth, marriage etc, so the Chinese knot has come to be the symbol of reunion, luck, harmony, and love. Traditionally, a Chinese knot must be bent, tied and crafted from a single red rope, to express the endless circle of happy life. That is the most important c

17、haracteristic of Chinese Knot. By combining different knots or other auspicious adornments skillfully, a unique auspicious ornament, especially the red-colored which represents beauty, happiness and wishes, is formed.,五、中国的汉字和书法 中国汉字是从图画、符号逐渐演变形成的，汉字的书写和发展过程成就了书法艺术的产生。中国历代都有大书法家，其书法艺术和风格成为所在朝代书法的典型代

18、表。人们对书法的喜爱一直流传到今天。 中国的书法经过多年的演变。正确的笔画顺序，书写汉字的平衡和韵律都是书法的精髓。纯熟的握笔方式可以在宣纸上描绘出深、浅、轻、重平衡的笔画。一个书法家练习最多的是汉字“永”，因为“永”的笔画包含了汉字最基本的八个笔画。掌握了“永”字的书法，就等于精通了所有的汉字的书法。,Chinese characters and calligraphy Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed natually from i

19、ts unique writing system. Through the ages, great calligraphers developed representative styles of their times. The love of calligraphy is deeply ingrained in Chinese scholars, and has been handed down to the present day. Calligraphy takes many years of dedicated practice. Correct stroke order, prop

20、er balance and rhythm of characters are essential in calligraphy. Skilled handling of the brush produces a pleasing balance of characters on the paper, thick and thin lines, and heavy and light inking. In most cases, a calligrapher will practice writing the Chinese character Yong (永）many, many times

21、 in order to perfect the eight basic essential strokes contained within the character. Those who can correctly write the character Yong beautifully can potentially write all characters with beauty.,六、直译与意译 不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌、散文、戏剧、电影、小说、传记等以情动人的作

22、品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。（124字）,Literal Translation and Free Translation Different discourses or styles tend to focus on different stresses. Generally speaking, literal translation is preferable to free translation in translating documents and news reports, for the crux of these literatures lies in

23、accuracy. On the other hand, free translation is more suitable than literal translation in translating some emotional works such as poetry, prose, drama, film, novels, autobiography, etc, so as to reproduce the right mood and flavor of the original works.,七、不同文化背景下“龙”的涵义 龙，只是在神话故事中出现的动物，在英文中是邪恶的代表。然

24、而中国文化里，龙是为人类造福的动物。 在英语文化中，龙在圣经中是撒旦的化身。一个“泼妇”在英语里也用“龙”这个词形容。例如：她真是一个泼妇，你最好离她远一点。从以上所有这些例子中我们可以看出西方人不喜欢龙。然而在中国文化里。刚好相反，龙是吉祥、权威和稀贵的象征。在封建社会里，龙是君主帝王的象征。 现在，龙在中国人的心目中依然有很崇高的地位， 他们认为他们是龙的传人。龙成为民族图腾。在中国有很多关于龙的成语。这些成语都非常相似。 例如“望子成龙”（即希望一个人的孩子有光明的前途）对英语文化背景的人来说却很荒唐。中国人常用“龙子龙孙”来形容自己。,不同文化背景下“龙”的涵义Different Cu

25、ltural Connotation of Dragon,龙，只是在神话故事中出现的动物，在英文中是邪恶的代表。然而中国文化里，龙是为人类造福的动物。 Dragon, an animal only found in the fairy tales, stands for atrocious and evil in English. However, in Chinese, dragon is an animal that can give people blessedness.,在英语文化中，龙在圣经中是撒旦的化身。一个“泼妇”在英语里也用“龙”这个词形容。例如：她真是一个泼妇，你最好离她远一点。从以上所有这些例子中我们可以看出西方人不喜欢龙。然而在中国文化里。刚好相反，龙是吉祥、权威和稀贵的象征。在封建社会里，龙是君主帝王的象征。 In English, dragon stands for the Satan in Bible. The dragonish woman is also called dragon in English. For example: She is a real dragon, you had better k