定语从句 1.ppt

1、Grammar 定语从句,What?,An attributive clause is a clause that modifies a noun the same way an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent.,e.g. Adjective: an exciting match Attributive clause: a match that is exciting Prepositional phrase: the book in my hand Att

2、ributive clause: the book that is in my hand,I have an apple.,The apple is red.,I have an apple,that/which is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,I like some friends.,Some friends like sports.,I like frineds,who/that like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,定语从句结构：名词/代词 定语从句| | 先行词 关系代词/ 副词 （指人/ 物） 先行词： 被定语从句所修饰的词 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，

3、并在从句中代表先行词的代词。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语成分（whose作定语，which也可作定语）。 which; that; who; whom; whose 关系副词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的副词。关系副词在从句中作状语。when; where; why,Relative pronouns used in attributive clauses,Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. Id like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.

4、He has a friend whose father is a doctor. He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor.,关系代词：练习一:1.判断下列句子是否正确，并更正。 The man sells vegetables who lives next door. The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought.,（The man who lives next door sells vegetables.）,（The car which my unc

5、le just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.）,观察下列句子，你发现了什么？A. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind. B. The man to whom you talked just now is a famous runner.The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.He is a library assistant f

6、rom whom I borrowed some books.It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.,3.变下列句子为定语从句： He is the student. The teachers are looking for him. The number of the children is 30. She takes care of the children.,（He is

7、 the student who the teachers are looking for.）,（The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.）,He is the student who the teachers are looking for. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. 常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to,

8、 care for(照顾，喜欢） hear of/about/from, take care of等. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,小结1： 1.定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面。 2.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 3.关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代 词只能用which 或 whom。 4.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。,小结2：只用that,不用which

9、的情况：1.当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等。 2.先行词（指物的）前面有only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very等词修饰时。 3.先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。 4.当关系词是从句的表语时。 5.当先行词既有人又有物时。 6 当先行词是基数词时。 7.在同一个句子中避免重复who, which. 8. 当先行词在there be 结构中作主语时。,练习二: 关系词的选择

10、：用that 或which填空：1. All _ can be done has been done.2. I didnt mean this one; I mean the one _ was bought yesterday.3. Theres no difficulty _ we cant overcome.4. Ive read all the books_can be borrowed here.5. This is the first letter _ Ive written in Japanese.6. This is the most careful girl _Ive eve

11、r known.7. They talked about the teachers and schools_ they had visited.8. The speaker talked of some writers and books _ were unknown to us.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,5. China isnt the country_she used to be 50 years ago.6. He is no longer the man _ he used to be. 7. Who is the man _

12、is waiting at the bus stop?8. Which is the car _ overtook us yesterday?9.There is a seat in the corner _is still free.10.There are two tickets of the film _ are for you.11.The 9.15 is the fastest train _there has ever been.12.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can

13、see the two _ are still alive.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,小结3：用which不用that 的情况： 1. 在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或宾语 2.当关系代词前有介词时 3.当先行词本身是that时 4. 当关系代词后面带有插入语时,练习三、关系词的选择：用that 或which或介词+which填空：1.They have three houses, _ are built of stone.2. Their house is washed away by the floods, _ made them ve

14、ry sad. 3. He lost his job finally, _ was exactly what we wanted. 4. This is the factory in _ we once worked.5. We study in the classroom of _ the doors face south.6. The picture _ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.7. Can you think of a situation _ this word can be used?8. Im grateful to him for

15、 that advice, _ I owed all my success.9.Here is the English grammar book _, as I have told you, will help improve your English.,which,which,which,which,which,for which,in which,to which,which,We are talking about the way in which he speaks English. We are talking about the way that he speaks English

16、. We are talking about the way he speaks English.,小结4：只用who不用that 1.在非限制性定语从句中指人 2. 先行词是one, ones或anyone，指人时 3.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时 4. 在以there be的句子中，先行词为人时,练习四、用关系代词填空：1. One _does not work hard will never succeed.2. Anyone _breaks the law should be punished.3. She is the only one of the student

17、s _has been to the USA.4. Those _learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.5. There is a comrade outside _wants to see you. 7. There s only one student in the school _I want to see.8. Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back _is working in the fields?9. I met a fr

18、iend of mine in the street,_ had just come from America.10. Jackson is a man _I believe is honest.（whom?)11. He won another award, _I think is the result of his hard work.,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,who,which,注： 关于as用作关系代词,一、 as引导限制性定语从句 二、as引导非限制性定语从句,as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句, 意为“正如”，“就像”用来指待一件事，这时它

19、的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。 e.g.1. He is an American, as/which we know from his accent. As we know from his accent, he is an American. He, as we know from his accent, is an American. 2.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules. Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules. Grammar is

20、 not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above. 正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.,练习：as, which的比较1.They failed in the exam, _ is natural.2.She seems a scientist, _ in fact she is.3.Grammar

21、 is not a set of dead rules, _ I have said before.4._ we all know, his parents were killed in this war.5._ is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.6.We won the match, _we had expected.7.He agreed to the plan, _ was to be expected.8.This is the same book _you bought yesterday.(同一个） This is

22、the same book _you bought yesterday.（同类） 9.Dont believe in such men _ praise you to your face.10.I never give my students so difficult a question _no one can work out.11.The young man cheated his friend out of much money, _ was disgraceful.,as/ which,as/ which,as/ which,As,As,as/ which,as/ which,tha

23、t,as,as,as,which,小结： 1. 在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用。 2. 如从句在主句之前，用as。 3. 如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如” “就象”之意时，用as。有些从句已成固定模式，如：as everybody knows, as you may remember, as you say, as I can see, as I have said, as you may have heard 等。 4. 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as。,Youd better

24、not buy such books as you dont understand. I have never seen the same thing as was told by my grandma. She doesnt believe I am such a person as I appear. Such as flatter you often might not be honest.,宾语,主语,表语,主语,一、在限制性定语从句中, at which he works. which he works at. That is the college he works at. tha

25、t he works at. where he works., on which he was born which he was born onThe day that he was born on he was born on when he was born was March 2.,This is the reason why/for which he did not came to the meeting.,关系副词： when where why1.I will never forget the day_ I went to university.2. He still remem

26、ber the morning _ the earthquake happened.3. This is the house_ he used to live.4. I know of a place _ we can swim.5. Is there any shop around _I can buy a pen? 6. I dont know the reason_ he did it.7. The reason _he was fired was not clear.,when/ on which,when/ on which,where/ in which,where/ in whi

27、ch,where/ in which,why/ for which,why/ for which,8.This is the date _ were proud of.9. This is the date _ he was born.10. I will never forget the time _ we spent together.11. This is the factory _ my mother works.12. This is the factory _ we visited last week. Is this factory_ you visited last week?

28、 A.the one B. where C. which D. that13.This factory is the one _you visited last week.14. I dont believe the reason _ he gave for his decision.15. Another reason _ he made this decision is _ he had to consider the feelings of others.,that,when/ on which,that/ which,where/ in which,D,A,that,that/ whi

29、ch,why / for which,that,小结：1. 当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应该用which/ that。 2. 关系副词when, where, why 一般可以替换为介词+which。 3. 含定语从句的句子为疑问句时注意其先行词不能遗漏。,Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk? They still remember the happy days (which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. I will never forget my

30、stay in Nanjing when I studied English. In a sports team each player has a clear role，and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain of their roles,The house where they live is not very large. Well visit the factory which/that makes radios. While public speaking focuses on an ind

31、ividual, debate is an activity where two or more speakers present their opinions in support and against a given issue. Chinas new food law provides for a food recall (召回) system where producers have to stop production if their food isnt up to standards.,This is the reason why he did not came to the

32、meeting. We are not satisfied with the reason that/which he gave us.,定语从句的练习：1. I passed him a glass of whiskey, _ he drank at once.2. He spoke to me in a way _ I dont at all like.3. It is a famous university _ he graduated 3 years ago.4. Are you the lady _ asked for help?5. The service _ students c

33、omplain a lot should be improved. 6. He works in a college _ students are all women.7. The picture _ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.,which,(that),where/ from which,who,about which,where,for which,(which),8. Can you think of a situation _ this word can be used?9. We can see very clearly the me

34、thod _ the computers work.10. _ he introduced just now, Dr. Baker is an expert in Biology.11. Im grateful to him for that advice, _ I owed all my success.12. This is the famous star _ photos are on this magazine. 13. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most

35、 important of all the science.,where/ in which,in which,As,to which,whose,whose,I， who_ (be) your close friend, will try my best to help you out. He who_ (do) not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreigners who _ (be) working in China. Mr. smith is the only one of the

36、 those foreigners who _ (be) working in China.,主谓一致,1.从句中谓语要注意和先行词保持数和时态上的一致 2. one of 复数 the (only) one of 单数,am,does,are,is,that/who,that/which,(that/who/whom),(that/which),whose/of whom,whose/of which,2. 介词的位置 一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。 This is the man _ I learned the news from. This i

37、s the man _ I learned the news.,from whom,(who/whom/that),This is the room _ we lived in last year.,(that/which),in which,This is the room_ we lived last year.,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. 常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to, care for(照顾，喜欢） hear of/about/from, take care of等. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,This is the teacher whose daughter