第28讲：阅读高分突破7：结构题的秘密

1、sqkc-25 高三一轮第29讲 语篇结构题 课后作业【2012北京卷】dwildernessin wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world. this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place w

2、ilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.as john sauven of greenpeace uk points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is

3、 strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need-the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane,

4、a visiting fellow at the hudson institute, takes the opposing view. he acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. there are ever more people

5、 on the earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. if they can be tapped without redu

6、cing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.i look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. o

7、ne challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. and there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.this is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also

8、the guidance of reason. what position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. john sauven holds that_.a. many people value nature too muchb. exploitation of wildernesses is harmfulc. wildernesses provide humans with necessitiesd. the

9、 urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. what is the main idea of para. 3?a. the exploitation is necessary for the poor people.b. wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.c. useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.d. all the characteristics

10、 concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. what is the authors attitude towards this debate?a. objective. b. disapproving.c. sceptical. d. optimistic.70. which of the following shows the structure of the passage?cp: central point p: point sp: sub-point(次要点) c: conclusion解析：67. b细节综合题

11、，第二段these ecosystem services far outweigh the gains from exploitation.68. c段落大意题，根据题干定位到第三段69. a作者态度题，根据最后两段的首句就可以看出作者的态度还是比较客观的70. d文章结构题，根据每段主旨推出【2005江苏卷】e the twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better,changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of

12、 benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science. scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. it has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and

13、of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. technology m the application of science m has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life. the continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will

14、 result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science - a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science - a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment. sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. the creat

15、ivity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. the application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. we have seen this happen in the case of nuc

16、lear weapons, although their actual use has so far occurred only in the second world war, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds o

17、f animals. william shakespeare said, “the web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” the above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities- science seems to prove what shakespeare said. but does it have to be so? must the ill always go together with t

18、he good? are we biologically programmed for war?72. which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?a. b. c. d. 73.from the fourth paragraph, we can infer that_.a. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for warb. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war

19、c. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weaponsd. the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth74.the underlined word mingled in the last paragraph most probably means_.a. simple b. mixed c. sad d. happy75.what do you think the author is most

20、 likely to suggest if he continues to write?a. further application of science to war.b. more reading of william shakespeare.c. proper use of science in the new century.d. effective ways to separate the good from the ill.解析：72. a。考查考生对文章整体结构的把握能力。综观全文，第一段引出话题，第二和第三段讲述科学上的进步给人类带来的好处(good)，而第三段则讲述了科学上的

21、进步给人类带来的伤害（ill），第五段对全文进行了概括总结。73. d。考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力。从本段可以推断出作者认为大量核武器的生产和准备投入使用将会给人类和地球上很多动物带来灭顶之灾，作者对此感到担忧。74. b。考查考生猜测词义的能力。根据下文的good and ill together（好坏并存）进行猜测。75. c。考查考生领会作者写作臆态并进行推理判断的能力。试题解析：通过文章结尾的三个反问句可以看出作者在此问题上的观点，即如果人们正确的运用科学，它只会给人类带来好处，不一定会带来害处。据此，接下来作者必然围绕如何正确运用科学这一话题来展开。【2009年福建卷】bforeig

22、n drivers will have a pay on-the-spot fines of up to 900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried our next month. if they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay and they will face an additional fee of &80 for getting back their vehicles .the

23、 law will also apply to british citizens ,the fines will be described officially as “deposits” when the traffic law take effect ,takes effect ,because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty ,in practice, very few foreign drives are likely to return to britai

24、n to deal with their eases. foreign drivers are rarely charged because police cannot take action against them if they fail to appear in court, instead, officers often merely give warnings. three million foreign-registered vehicles enter britain each year . polish vehicles s make up 36 percent, frenc

25、h vehicles 10 percent and german vehicles 9 percent. foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely tope in a crash than british-registered vehicles .the number of crashes caused by foreign vehicles rose by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008 .there were almost 400 deaths and serious injuries and 3,000 sl

26、ight injuries from accidents caused by foreign vehicles in 2008.the new law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry drivers ignoring limits on weight and hours at the wheel .foreign lorries are throe times more likely to be in a crash than british lorries. recent spot checks found

27、that three quarters of lorries that failed safety teats were registered overseas. the standard deposit for a careless driving offence such as driving too close to the vehicle in front or reading a map at the wheelwill be 300. deposits for speeding offences and using mobile phones will be 60. foreign

28、 drivers will not get points as punishment added to their licenses, while british drivers will. 60. the first paragraph serves as a（n） a. explanation b. introduction c. comment d. background.61. the foreign drivers who break the traffic law and do not pay on the spot are likely to be forted up to .

29、a. 60 b. 300 c. 900 d. 980 62. we can learn from the passage that . a. many foreign drivers have been fined by britain policeb. 300,000 german vehicles enter britain every yearc. 25 percent of foreign vehicles entering britain have failed safety testsd. british drivers will be punished with points a

30、nd fines for breaking the traffic law63. the new traffic law is mainly intended to . a. limit the number of foreign vehicles entering britain b. increase the british movements additional incomec. lower the rate of traffic accidents and injuries d. get foreign drives to appear in count 参考答案：bddc【2009

31、年福建卷】dfind which direction is southdo you have a good sense of direction? if not, please take with you a compass. but if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way. its never a good idea to imagine that the family member who was entrusted（委托）with the job of map-reading actually knows

32、where the family is. you can tell by the slightly confused load on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. never mind. the sun is shining and its still morning. if you dont know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but youll need to be patient.find a straight

33、 sick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow. try to position the stick as vertically（垂直）as you can. you can check this by making a simple plumb line （铅锤线）with a piece of string and weight. you havent got any string? ok, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight. mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick. wait approximately half an hour and mark the e