动词不定式2.ppt

1、Good morning,class!,Good morning,class!,Good morning,class!,Good morning,class!,Good morning,class!,Infinitives used in the reading passage *His attempt to explain the workings of the universe led to the development of nuclear energy. *Einstein used to say that the only gift he had was curiosity. *E

2、instein received many invitations to explain his theories at different universities. *Its a pleasure to drive a genius like- *I wish I didnt have to give my lecture tonight-, but I dont want to let my audience down. *You dont have to give the lecture. *Id like to ask you a difficult question. *Its s

3、o easy that even my driver knows how to answer it. *A little later, Hans offered to drive.,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening.,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to e

4、at cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,作主语,To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.,To give up smoking is right.,1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。,2. 放弃吸烟是对的。,Notes:,1. 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To make a plan first is a good idea. 2. 不定式作主语多用形式主语it，常见的句型有： 1) It is + adj.+for / of sb. +to do s

5、th. It is quite possible for you to catch up with your classmates. To catch up with your classmates is possible for you. It is very thoughtful of you to wait for us. You are very thoughtful to wait for us. 2) It is + n.(a pity /a shame /ones duty-) + for sb. + to do sth. It is a great honour for us

6、to have been invited here to give the speech. It is bad manners to stare at people.,3) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. It took me more than half an hour to type the letter. It usually takes three hours for us to finish all the homework. 4) It costs (sb.) some money to do sth. It costs less than

7、900 yuan to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. 5) It is (high / about) time for sb. to do sth. It is time for us to have a rest. It is high time for us to prepare ourselves for the coming challenges. 该句型还可以改写成： It is time that we had a rest. It is high time that we prepared ourselves for the coming chall

8、enges.,作宾语,Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.,He promised not to tell anyone about it.,1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。,2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。,Notes:,1. 有些动词常用不定式作宾语，如：agree, afford, decide, choose, expect, fail, hope, demand, offer, want, long, appear, happen, manage, plan, refuse, wish, a

9、ttempt, seem, promise, want, intend, pretend等。 The workers demanded to be told the truth. They cant afford to go on vacation. The teacher seemed to have been informed of our absence. He pretended not to know me when passing by. The old man managed to climb up to the top of the mountain in spite of h

10、is age. We happened to be having a meeting when they arrived.,2. 特殊疑问词加不定式作宾语(wh- + to do) 1) 作直接宾语，常出现在下列动词之后，如:know, decide, wonder, learn, remember, find out, forget, consider等。 I wonder whom to turn to when I am in trouble. Have you decided where to spend this weekend? 2) 作间接宾语，常出现在下列动词之后，如：show

11、, teach, advise, tell, inform等。 Please show me how to operate the computer. Who can tell me what to say at tomorrows meeting? 3. 用形式宾语it，其句型结构通常为： v. + it +adj. / n. + (for sb.) + to do I found it ridiculous to say so on such an occasion. We have made it a rule to stay in the classroom from 12:45 to

12、 13:20.,4. 介词but / except后面可跟不定式作宾语。 The workers had no choice but to wait for the rain to stop. At that moment, we had no alternative but to give in. 注：如果前面有实义动词do，则后面不定式to省略。 The workers could do nothing but wait for the rain to stop. We always have nothing to do but watch TV. 5. 有些动词，不定式和动名词都可以作宾

13、语，但意义不同。(略) 6. 有些动词，不定式和动名词都可以作宾语，且意义相同。(略),作表语,My job is to teach English.,To see is to believe.,1. 我的工作是教英语。,2. 眼见为实。,Infinitives used as the predicatives(不定式作表语）,不定式作表语，出现在be动词后面，说明主语的内容，一般表 示尚未发生的动作。 Todays assignment is to recite the passage. My wish is to travel through space. His aim was to r

14、aise our spirits. The problem is how to get help from him. 下列名词作主语常用不定式作表语说明内容：,hope,wish,work,task,job,plan,duty,aim,idea,problem,advice,business,purpose,thing,happiness,dream,ambition,Notes: 不定式的前面可以加when / which / how / what / where / who等特殊疑问词作表语。 The problem is when to set out. 2. “主语系动词表语”结构中，

15、如果句子主语部分有实义动词do，作表语的不定式可以省略to。 All (that) we can do is (to) wait and see. What you should do is (to) take adequate exercise. 3. 关于be to do结构的几点说明 表示“按计划将做，打算，准备”。 We are to tell him the truth this evening. 2)表示“可能”。 Such books are to be found in our school library. 3)was / were to have done表示本来打算做或应

16、该做的事未做。 You were to have been informed of the change already.,作定语,Do you have anything to say?,1. 你有什么要说的吗?,2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人,Betty was the first to know the truth,Infinitives used as the attributive(不定式作定语),I have a lot to tell you as we havent seen each other for years. I always have a lot of cl

17、othes to wash at the weekend. （不定式和所修饰名词构成动宾关系） 试比较： “Sir, do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid. Our monitor is always the first to come and the last to leave. He is the right person to do the job. （不定式和所修饰名词构成主谓关系） He broke his promise to buy me a MP4 as a birthday present. You hav

18、e missed so many chances to practise your spoken English. （不定式和所修饰名词构成同位关系）,Notes: 1. 不定式作定语，若不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后必须加上结构和意义上所需的介词。 Can you lend me a pen to write with? There is nobody to turn to. 2. 不定式的动词是及物动词，后接介词，此结构可转换成 “介词+关系代词+不定式”。 We found some wood to make a fire with. We found some wood with wh

19、ich to make a fire. Mr. William is the right person to send these letters to. Mr. William is the right person to whom to send these letters. 3. 试比较下面不定式作定语和分词作定语的区别 The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. The meeting being held now is of great importance. The meeting to be held tomorrow i

20、s of great importance.,作宾补,She asked me to stay there.,1. 她叫我呆在这儿。,2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。,Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.,Our tutor reminded us to attend the lecture on time. The chairman of the Students Union advised them to put off the party until next week. Our company will arrange

21、for a car to pick you up at the airport. You can only depend on yourselves to make a living. Didnt you hear the doorbell ring? I saw a thief slip into the office yesterday evening. We often listen to him sing this song from beginning to end.,Infinitives used as Co(不定式作宾语补足语）,动词 + 宾语 +不定式to do,词组+宾语+

22、不定式to do,感官动词+宾语+省略to的不定式,The story of that hero made us think more. I will have you know the truth when necessary. Hans helped Einstein (to) give the lecture. Proper body language will help you (to) leave a good impression on the interviewers. feel（一感）hear, listen to（二听）make, have, let（三让） see, wat

23、ch, notice, observe（四看）. Notes: 注意以上各个结构的被动用法。,使役动词+宾语+省略to的不定式,help + sb. +(to) do,不定式作宾补改成被动句，不定式即转化成主补。 We were reminded to attend the lecture on time. A car will be arranged for to pick you up at the airport. The thief was seen to slip into the office yesterday evening. He is often listened to t

24、o sing this song from beginning to end. We were made to think more .,Infinitives used as Cs(不定式作主语补足语）,作状语,He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They were surprised to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight.,目的状语.,原因状语.,结果状语,常见的目的状语有：to do、in order to do、so as to do（不可放句首）

25、、just to do等,常见的结果状语有：so.as to、such.as to.、enough.to.、too.to,only to.、never to. 等结构。 Would you be so kind as to post the letter for me ? 你能帮我把这封信寄了吗？ He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，只发现火车早已离去。 He left his hometown in 1980, never to return. 他在1980年离开家乡，再也没回来过。 It i

26、s never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。,注意,动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not.,My father decided not to take up the job.,The teacher told us not to be late again.,注意,不定式的省略: 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。,A:Would you like to come to my party?,Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bik

27、e).,B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,动词不定式的时态,1. I opened the door to enter the room.,2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.,. 一般式( to do ).,不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。,.进行式( to be doing),1. I am very glad to be working with you.,2. He

28、is said to be coming.,如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。,动词不定式的时态,动词不定式的时态,.完成式（to have done),1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.,2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.,如果谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之前。,动词不定式的语态,.主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done),1. We want to learn English well.

29、,2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.(NMET99) to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.,动词不定式的语态,.被动式( to be done / to have been done),1. He didnt like to be laughed at.,2. He claimed _in the supper market when he was doing shopping yes

30、terday.（上海98） being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.,当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.,The Infinitives,Simple form,Negative form,to do,to be done,not to do,not to be done,Perfect form,to have done,to have been done,Continuous form,to be doing,/,The purpos

31、e of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (NMET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,高考题汇集：,3. Charles Babbage is general

32、ly considered _the first computer. (MET1998),to invent B. inventing C. to have invented C. having invented,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003),much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle

33、 in the street, but his mother told him _. (NMET95),A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,6. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. (MET 97),to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,7.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.(1999上海高考),to be chosen B. to

34、choose from C. to choose D. for choosing,8. _late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考),A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep,9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季高考),settled B. settling C.to settle D. being

35、 settled,10. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考),A.to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing,11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are tryin

36、g _their products more competitive. ( 2002上海春季高考),to make B. making C. to have made D.having made,12. The teacher asked us_so much noise. (2003北京春季高考),A.dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. clean