《维纳斯之诞生》PPT课件.ppt

1、Unit 5,Thinking as a Hobby William Golding,Part 1,Understand the title Think use the mind to form opinions, imagine, expect, examine Hobby pleasure, a favorite pastime, free of thinking What does the title want to tell us? - why, how, what (tn,1,06),Part 2,William Golding Biography William Golding w

2、as born in Cornwall in 1911 and was educated at Marlborough Grammar School and at Brasenose College, Oxford. Apart from writing, his past and present occupations include being a schoolmaster, a lecturer, an actor, a sailor, and a musician. His father was a schoolmaster and his mother was a suffraget

3、te. He was brought up to be a scientist, but revolted. After two years at Oxford he read English literature instead, and became devoted to Anglo-Saxon. He spent five years at Oxford. Published a volume of poems in 1935. Taught at Bishop Wordsworths School, Salisbury. Joined the Royal Navy in 1940 an

4、d spent six years afloat, except for seven months in New York and six months helping Lord Cherwell at the Naval Research Establishment. He saw action against battleships (at the sinking of the Bismarck), submarines and aircraft. Finished as Lieutenant in command of a rocket ship. He was present off

5、the French coast for the D-Day invasion, and later at the island of Walcheren. After the war he returned to teaching, and began to write again. Lord of the Flies, his first novel, was published in 1954. It was filmed by Peter Brook in 1963.,Part 3,The Nobel Prize in Literature 1983 for his novels wh

6、ich, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today William Golding United Kingdom b. 1911d. 1993,Part 3,Par 1 Whats your opinion about the boys conclusion? (tn1) Par 2 “neither in the way nor with the

7、result” What can we see from the childs mind about each of the statuettes? (tn1) E.g. “She was in an unfortunate position.”,Venus,Venus, the jewel of the sky, was once know by ancient astronomers as the morning star and evening star. Early astronomers once thought Venus to be two separate bodies. Ve

8、nus, which is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, is veiled by thick swirling cloud cover. Astronomers refer to Venus as Earths sister planet. Both are similar in size, mass, density and volume. Both formed about the same time and condensed out of the same nebula. However, during the l

9、ast few years scientists have found that the kinship ends here. Venus is very different from the Earth. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a heavy atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide with virtually no water vapor. Its clouds are composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, the atm

10、ospheric pressure is 92 times that of the Earths at sea-level. Venus is scorched with a surface temperature of about 482 C (900 F). This high temperature is primarily due to a runaway greenhouse effect caused by the heavy atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Sunlight passes through the atmosphere to heat t

11、he surface of the planet. Heat is radiated out, but is trapped by the dense atmosphere and not allowed to escape into space. This makes Venus hotter than Mercury.,Mazarin Venus,The statue of the Mazarin Venus is frequently compared with that of, the Aphrodite of Melos (left).This statue is an exampl

12、e of Hellenistic art. No one knows however who created this statue. It was discovered in 1820 AD by a peasant on the Greek island of Melos. For hundreds of years the statue remained buried in an underground cavern, where it had been damaged and when discovered was in two parts. This statue is believ

13、ed to have been sculpted around second century BC.,Aphrodite (Roman Venus) The Greek goddess of Love and child of Zeus, said to have been born from the sea. The wife of Hephaistos, who caught her making love to the god Ares (Homer); she also had affairs with various mortals - Adonis, Phaon, Anchises

14、 (by whom she bore Aeneias). She is often shown with her child Eros, and sometimes Peitho (Persuasion). She attends many scenes with a love interest - e.g., Menelaos confronting Helen after Troy. In Greek art from the 4th century BC onwards, she is commonly shown naked, the first artistic nude in th

15、e history of art, devised by the sculptor Praxiteles. On many vases a woman attended by Eros might be either the goddess or a mortal bride assimilated to her.,维纳斯之诞生 大家都知道，维纳斯即古代希腊神话中的阿芙罗狄德，是爱与美的女神。据希腊神话描述，维纳斯是克洛诺斯把自己的父亲乌拉诺斯的肢体投入海中时从海中的泡沫中诞生的。15世纪后半叶，佛罗伦萨画派，艺术大师波提切利的维纳斯的诞生即表现了这个爱与美的女神诞生时的情景：少女维纳斯刚刚越

16、出水面，赤裸着身子踩在一只荷叶般的贝壳之上；她身材修长而健美，体态苗条而丰满，姿态婀娜而端庄；一头蓬松浓密的散发与光滑柔润的肢体形成了鲜明的对比，烘托出了肌肉的弹性和悦目的胴体；风神齐菲尔吹着和煦的微风缓缓的把她送到了岸边；粉红、白色的玫瑰花在她身边飘落，果树之神波摩娜早已为她准备好了红色的新装；碧绿平静的海洋，蔚蓝辽阔的天空渲染了这美好、祥和的气氛，一个美的和创造美的生命诞生了！据希腊神话描写，维纳斯出生即是成人。她没有经历过婴儿之身，没有经过非美的过程，生来就完美无缺。显然，作者表现的正是这样一个完美无缺的形象。可是，如果我们再细细的品味一下维纳斯的表情就会发现，她那木然、迟滞和略带困惑的

17、眼神仍然流露着清纯的稚气，这个溶成人身躯与幼童稚气眼神于维纳斯一身的表现形式，既反映了作者对希腊、罗马古典艺术境界的崇尚又反映了他对“新柏拉图主义”的热衷，也正是由于这种“崇尚”和“热衷”使得他的作品并不仅仅限于感官本身的审美诱惑，而是通过对美的沉思冥想使人的精神世界得到纯化和超越，使人的灵魂得到升华。实际上，这是当时被基督教会视为“异端”的古典的唯美主义与基督教禁欲主义的结合，是维纳斯与圣母玛利亚的结合，是精神美与肉体美的统一。,Zephyr and Chloris (Roman goddess Flora): limbs entwined as a twofold entity, rose

18、s of hearts fall around. Z puffing vigorously, C gently sighs the warm breath wafting Venus ashore. Venus: a complex and beautiful series of twists and turns (the very first suggestion of action) about to step off her giant gilded scallop shell onto the shore at Paphos in Cyprus. Greek goddess of se

19、asons-attendant to Venus, holds the gorgeous robe out to Venus. Botticelli catches the freshness of an early spring morning, with the pale light shining through the tall, straight trees. A gentle Venus in the center, the breeze wafts their hair and clothes in the opposite direction form the Zs gusts

20、. The figures moving in the slowest rhythms, insubstantial, a dream of what might be rather than a sight of what is.,This longing, this hauntingly intangible sadness is even more visible in the lovely face of Venus as she is wafted to our dark shores by the winds, and the garment, rich though it is,

21、 waits ready to cover up her sweet and naked body. We cannot look upon love unclothed, says the Birth of Venus; we are too weak, maybe too polluted, to bear the beauty.,“The Thinker” A six-week-old thinker in sleep,The Thinker,Of all the works by Rodin, the most famous one is unquestionably the grea

22、t Thinker. It was modeled in 1880-1882 for The Gates of Hell, and exhibited in its original size (H. 71.5 cm) in Copenhagen in 1888. It was enlarged in 1902 and exhibited in this form at the Salon of 1904 where it aroused strong reactions from the press.,Rodin, Auguste (1840-1917). The French artist

23、 Auguste Rodin had a profound influence on 20th-century sculpture. His works are distinguished by their stunning strength and realism. Rodin refused to ignore the negative aspects of humanity, and his works confront distress and moral weakness as well as passion and beauty. Francois-Auguste-Rene Rod

24、in was born on Nov. 12, 1840, in Paris. At the age of 14 he entered the Petite Ecole, a school of decorative arts in Paris. He applied three times to study at the renowned Ecole des Beaux-Arts but was rejected each time. In 1858 he began to do decorative stonework in order to make his living. Four y

25、ears later the death of his sister Marie so traumatized Rodin that he entered a sacred order.,The father superior of the order recognized Rodins talents and encouraged him to pursue his art. In 1864 Rodin met a seamstress named Rose Beuret. She became his life companion and was the model for many of

26、 his works. That year Rodin submitted his Man with a Broken Nose to the Paris Salon. It was rejected but later accepted under the title Portrait of a Roman. Rodin traveled in 1875 to Italy, where the works of Michelangelo made a strong impression on him. The trip inspired his sculpture The Age of Br

27、onze, which was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1877. It caused a scandal because the critics could not believe that Rodin had not used a casting of a live model in creating so realistic a work. The controversy brought Rodin more fame than praise might have. In 1880 he was commissioned to create a b

28、ronze door for the future Museum of Decorative Arts. Although the work was unfinished at the time of his death, it provided the basis for some of Rodins most influential and powerful work. In 1884 he was commissioned to create a monument that became The Burghers of Calais. His statues St. John the B

29、aptist Preaching, Eve, The Age of Bronze, and The Thinker are world famous. Rodin died on Nov. 17, 1917, and was buried at Meudon. When Rodin was 76 years old he gave the French government the entire collection of his own works and other art objects he had acquired. They occupy the Hotel Biron in Pa

30、ris as the Musee Rodin and are still placed as Rodin set them.,Rodin, Auguste,The Gates hellish: private psychic struggles are the elements, and their conflicted nature is expressed as undissolved in the whole. The turn-of-the-century German sociologist Georg Simmels parallel vision of society as a

31、continually negotiated dispute reads like a meditation on this monument. Man has the capacity, said Simmel, to decompose himself into parts and to feel any one of those as his proper self. Yet each part may collide with each other and may struggle for dominion over the individuals actions. This capa

32、city places man, insofar as he feels himself to be a social being, into an often contradictory relation with those among his impulses and interests that are not preempted by his social character. In other words, the conflict between society and the individual is continued in the individual himself a

33、s the conflict among his component parts. Thus the basic struggle between society and individual inheres in the general form of individual life.,The Gates of Hell,Victor Hugo,Balzac,Balzac,Rodan told Gsell that it was necessary to provide a glimpse of the environment in which the portrayed personage

34、 lived, and to create in the imagination a halo of ideas describing this personality” Gsell commented in his turn, “You will have observed that in the era we are entering, nothing has more importance to us than our own feelings, our own intimate personand you have revealed to us this predisposition

35、which we were almost unaware of ” (LA1911) Rodin, in fact, concentrated on the “intimate person”, seeking to disclose his depth and richness rather than to remind us of the external circumstances of a life. He pondered over the stature of Balzac, his facial features, his clothes (the famous dressing

36、 gown), but only retained the details which served his purpose ( the corpulence of Balzac, the monks robe he wore when he worked). The result was a figure which was both an allegory of the creative powers of the novelist and a moral rather than physical portrait of the writer. “It was creation itsel

37、f which used the shape of Balzac to emerge: the arrogance of creation, its pride, feverishness and intoxication” (R.M.Rilke, AugusteRodin,1928).,The Monument to the Burghers of Calais,The Monument to the Burghers of Calais,In 1347, following a particularly long siege, the city of Calais was obliged

38、to surrender to Edward III, the King of England. Six burghers were willing to sacrifice their lives and accepted to hand over the keys of the city to the King. The artist favored the idea of presenting the group “in a slow procession towards death”. “It is the subject itself which imposes a heroic v

39、ision of all six figures being sacrificed to one single communicative expression and feeling.” (Rodin). He portrayed the heroes appealing for clemency according to medieval tradition, in other words, wearing a shirt, a rope around the neck, with bare head and feet.,The Striding Man (The Walking Man)

40、,The Walking Man,In his search for perfection, he increasingly suppressed anything he felt was superfluous or which gave too obvious a meaning to the work. An apparently unfinished figure was a fully accomplished work. Rodin claimed, “It is the artist who is truthful and the photograph which is misl

41、eading, for in reality, time does not come to a standstill.” (LArt,1911) The culmination of Rodins research for him reducing a sculpture to its essentials was the path towards perfection. The smooth modelling of the legs contrasts sharply with the cracked torso, accentuating its reference to antiqui

42、ty.,Hand of God,Invocation Thought (call on God for help and protection),Review on Rodins Works,Incompleteness of figure becomes both means and end for Rodin. Most of his projects remained unfinished, or were deliberate fragments, which have the power of suggestion and understatement. The surfaces o

43、f Rodins figure are rough, broken and tortuous, contrasting strikingly with others works. The surfaces of others figures are smooth, flowing and quiet. It is characteristic of Rodins art that though we feel its power, we cannot quite describe what traits make us feel it. His Impressionist methods, t

44、hrough daring emphasis and distortions, achieve an overwhelmingly Expressionist effect.,Habitat: The leopard can adapt to almost any type of habitat that provides it with sufficient food and cover, which excludes only the interior of large deserts. In its range, it is the only large predator in the

45、rain forests. Distribution: Throughout Africa, from the Arabian Peninsula through Asia to Manchuria and Korea. Reproduction and Offspring: Leopards are capable of breeding between 2 and 3 years, and produce 1 - 3 cubs after a 90-100 day gestation. The cubs become independent between 13 - 18 months,

46、and siblings may remain together for several months before separating. Females in captivity have produced offspring as old as 19 years, but the average age of last reproduction is 8.5 years. In captivity, leopards have lived over 23 years, as compared to 10 - 11 in the wild. Social System and Commun

47、ication: Leopards are solitary cats, and use the same methods as the other cats for defining their territory: scent marking, feces, and scratch marks. It has a variety of vocalizations including grunting, growling, hissing, purring and meowing. One of their most recognized sounds is their distance c

48、all which sounds something like someone sawing wood.,Leopard roaring,Hush! Be silent.,Filing-cabinet & cupboard,Part 4,Par 3 Why did the headmaster place those statuettes in his study? What do they stand for? “she was not worried about the towel.” (tn1,06) Par 4 Was he frequently called to the study

49、 by the headmaster in order to appreciate these statuettes?,Part 5,Par 5-9 What impressed him most? “nothing human behind him.” (tn,1,05,06) Par 10-17 “No, I didnt think, wasnt thinking, couldnt thinking.” “the headmaster leaped . Reached up, and plonked . “Clearly there was something missing in me.

50、”,Part 6,Par 18 How did he think about himself, the thinker and his teachers in his childhood? (tn 1) Par 19-26 Is Mr. Houghton a thinker? How did he describe Mr. Houghton? E.g. his, action, speech, physical condition, his thought, his body Why was he interested in Mr. Houghtons neck?,Pretty girl &

51、Mr. Houghton,Part 7,Par 27 What is the tone of his speech on his woman teacher, Miss Parsons? Par 28 Name some of the traits of grade three thinking. Par 29 What is the writers attitude towards the grade three thinking?,Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889 in Allahabad, central India. His

52、father Motilal Nehru was a prominent advocate and early leader of the Indian independence movement. The younger Nehru graduated from Cambridge University, and returned to India in 1912. Over the next thirty years, he rose to become the top political leader of the Indian National Congress Party and i

53、ts struggle for independence from Britain. He was jailed seven times. After independence he served as India first Prime Minister from 1947 until he died in May, 1964. He was also a great internationalist, and one of the founders of the non-aligned movement.Nehru was a renowned orator. He could give

54、many extemporaneous speeches in a single day. His most famous speech is the Tryst With Destiny address to the Constituent Assembly of India in New Delhi on the night of August 14th and 15th, 1947.In a few moments, India was to become independent after centuries of colonial invasion and rule:Long yea

55、rs ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when

56、 we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity.,Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-

57、1964),Mohandas GandhiOtherwise known as Mahatma (Great-Soul), Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement against British rule, and is widely considered the father of his country. During his political career, he won wide approval for his doctrine of non-violent protest to achieve politi

58、cal and social progress. After university, Gandhi went to London to train as a barrister. There he met English socialists and Fabians such as George Bernard Shaw, whose ideas contributed greatly to the shaping of his personality and politics. He returned to India in 1891, then accepted a job at an I

59、ndian law firm in South Africa. Racial intolerance there saw him evicted from train carriages, barred from hotels and beaten up. He became more assertive, and began educating fellow Indians in South Africa on their rights. In 1894 he opposed a bill that would deprive Indians of their right to vote, and rapidly became a proficient political activist. While unable to stop the bill, he succeeded in attracting widespread attention to his cause. While in South Africa, Gandhi developed the satyagraha (devotion to truth), a new non-violent way to redress wrongs. The campaign lasted