2013中考语法复习非谓语形式动词.ppt

1、非谓语形式动词又叫作非限制性动词，其形式有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。但非谓语动词的一般特点，即可以有自己的宾语、状语。,非谓语形式,（I）动词不定式 1.动词不定式的构成 （1）由动词不定式符号to+动词原形构成。如:to work to study to learn to go。 （2）不定时的否定形式：在不定式的否定形式to之前加not构成。如：not to work，not to go。 （3） 不定式的时态和语态变化,2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式具备名词、形容词、副词的性能，在句中可以作除谓语之外的其他

2、句子或成分。,(1)作主语 To study hard for us students is important. 注意：不定式作主语时，常用it代替不定式作形式主语放在句首，把不定式放在句末。 It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for us to have plenty of exercise every day.,(2)作宾语 I hope to see you again. He refused to answer this question. Jack promised to do this by himself. (3)

3、作宾语补足语 Our teacher asked us to talking. Tell him to wait a minute. She wanted her father to buy a new bike for her.,(4)作表语,Our task is to study hard. To see is to believe. They seemed to be Arabs. Her wish is to be a nurse when she grows up.,（5）作定语,I have a lot of things to do today. Is there anythi

4、ng for us to drink ? Do you have anything to say for yourself ? 注意：不定式作定语，需放在被修饰词之后，称为后置定语。,（6）作状语,Im sorry to hear the news. You are too young to go to school. Hell go to visit his uncle. He opened the door for her to come in.,3.不定式短语,常用的不定短语有三种形式： （1）不定式加宾语或状语 He is old enough to join the army . T

5、he teacher asked me to sit down . I asked him to show me his new dictionary. (2)for sb.+不定式 It s easy for this artist to draw a horse in five minutes. it s important for us students to learn to listen carefully.,(3)特殊疑问句+不定式 构成名词性不定式短语，在句中常作主语、宾语、表语。,When to have the sports meet is still a question.

6、 We dont know how to run the machine. The question is where to find him.,2）不定式的省略问题,（1）不定式符号to的省略 有些动词后面的不定式要省去to。如：make, let, hear, see, notice, feel, watch, have等。Help之后的不定式符号to带不带都可以。 The boss made the workers work twelve hours a day. The teacher let him sit down. I heard him sing at the next doo

7、r last night. She watched them play play football on the playground .,另外，如果两个以上的不定式并列时，除第一个不定式外,其余的可以省去to，但两者是对比关系的不能省略。如：,Id like to lie down and go to sleep. Its easier to swim than to skate. 某些短语之后也要省去。如： had better ,would you please ,why not Youd better go home now. Would you please open the win

8、dow? Why not join us ?,（2）不定式中动词的省略,在省略答语中，或为了避免重复，不定式的动词常被省略。如： Would you like to get a cup of tea for me? Id like to (get a cup of tea for you) Will you please help me with me English. Im glad to (help you with your English),）动名词,1.动名词的构成同于现在分词的构成。如：working, putting , carrying , writing 等。 2.动名词的时

9、态和语态,3.动名词的用法,动名词具备名词的性能，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1）作主语 Seeing is believing Getting up early is a good habit. Doing morning exercises is good for us. 2)作宾语 I like swimming very much. He forgot posting the letter. Stop talking please.,3）作表语The most important thing for us students is studying hard.,4)作定语 Th

10、ey went to the swimming pool. She is in the reading room.,4.动名词短语,常见的动名词短语有两种形式： 1）动名词有自己的宾语或状语 She is good at speaking English. Shouting aloud in public is bad manners.,2）物主代词(或名词所有格）+动名词,Toms being late made us miss the first bus. Do you like his talking loudly? 在口语中，如果上述短语在句中不作主语，常把物主代词换成人称代词宾格，名

11、词所有格换成普通格。如： Would you mind me smoking ? Would you mind Tom going to swim with us?,5.只能接动名词的动词和动词短语,常见的有：enjoy, finish, mind, cant help, be busy, give up, insist on, be afraid of 等。这些动词和短语后不能接不定式。如： She is busy writing a book. Ive finished reading the book. When we heard the news, we couldnt help la

12、ughing.,）分词,分词包括现在分词和过去分词。作为谓语动词，可以有以下用法：be+现在分词构成现在进行时；be+过去分词构成被动语态；have+过去分词构成完成时等。作为非谓语动词，分词可具备形容词、副词的性能，在句中可作定语、表语、补语和状语。,1.分词的用法,1）作定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? He is a well known English teacher . Please hand in your written exercises. 2)作状语 Putting down the newspaper, he

13、walked over to the window. The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. The professor is standing there surrounded by many students.,3）作补语,Dont keep us waiting for a long time. Hell have his hair cut after school. I heard him singing in the classroom. 4)作表语 The boy is too frightened

14、 to move. The film is very moving.,2.现在分词与过去分词的区别,1）在语态上，现在分词表示主动的意义，过去分词表示被动的意义。 Surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 A surprised man 一个受惊吓的人 A moving film 一场感人的电影 The moved people 被感动的人们,2）在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。,The rising sun 正在升起的太阳 The risen sun 升起了的太阳 Boiling water 正在开着的水 Boiled water 开着的水,）动词不定

15、式,1.动名词和分词作定语的区别 分词和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑伤得主谓关系；而动名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系；而动名词则没有这种关系，它只表示被它所修饰的名词的用途等。试比较：,2.动名词和不定时作主语、宾语、表语的区别,动名词一般表示比较抽象的行为，时间概念不强；而不定式则表示具体的某一次动作，一般将来的动作。试比较： Most people like swimming.多数人喜欢游泳。（泛指游泳） I like to swim in the lake with you. 我乐意和你去湖里游泳。（指具体的动作）,3.现在分词和动词不定式做宾语补足语的区别,有些动词，如see, watch,

16、notice, hear, feel, find, keep, have 等，可接现在分词也可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。两者的区别是：现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行着；而动词不定式作宾补则表示动作已经完成了，强调动作的全过程。试比较：,I heard him singing in the classroom.(表示听到“唱”这个动作正在进行，不涉及动作什么时间开始和结束。） I heard him sing in the classroom.(表示听到“唱”这个动作从开始到结束的全过程） I saw him going up the stairs.(表示看到他时，他正在上楼.） I saw him go up the stairs.(表示看见他从开始上楼直到上去）,有些动词，如remember, forget, stop, try , go on, regret等，后接动名词和不定式差别很大。试比较,He remembered posting the letter.（信已被寄走） Remember to post the letter.（信还没被寄走） I forgot telling him the news.（已经告诉他了） I forgot to tell him the