《四级专题讲座之写》PPT课件.ppt

1、四级专题讲座之写作,Lecturer: Ivy Mar.10,2010,作文评分标准,一、评分原则1 CET检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Award Scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。3从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4避免趋中

2、倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。5所发样卷一律不得翻印，严禁出版，一经发现，必予追究。,二、评分标准 1本题满分为15分 2阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷 3阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如 8分)相似，即定为 该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。 4评分标准2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重

3、语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。 5字数不足应酌情扣分： 累计字数 CET-4 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 70-79 60-69 50-59 49CET-6 140-149 130-139 120-129 110-119 100-109 90-99 80-89 79扣 分 1 2 3

4、4 5 6 7 9注：1如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。2规定的内容未写全者，按比例扣分。3如果扣为0分，要慎重处理。,写作要求及建议,要求：写作时长：30分钟；不少于150字 建议：写1518句，分三段写，一般主张“先观点，后例子” 写作格式建议用齐头式，不要有连笔词,各分数段样文赏析,Direcctions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120

5、 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点： 1车祸发生的时间及地点2你所见到的车祸情况3你对车祸原因的分析 以下为各得分档次英语作文范文,全面体现了评分标准的区别 An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident,14 points It was the morning of April 6th, 2003. At about 7:30, I went to school by bike as usual. It

6、 was a rainy day and the road was slippery. On the way, I noticed a boy riding in front of me, talking loudly with his friends. He didnt wear a raincoat; instead he held an umbrella in one hand, and rode with another hand. As he turned left to Guangming Road, he failed to see a car coming from behin

7、d a truck parked on the corner. Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away. The boy was knocked down by the car. I was completely shocked.I think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident. He was talking all the time and dangerously used an umbrella while riding a

8、bike. The weather also played a role in the tragedy. The third cause was the unproperly parked truck, which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible to the students who were going to make a turn. All these contributed to this accident.,11 points It was last Friday morning. The accident h

9、appened when I was on my way to school. It was so terrible that I would never forget it.I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the road. Then, with a big sound, the accident happened. The red car stoped suddenly on the road so that the driver of following car couldnt respond

10、 immiditely. The back of the red car was badly damaged, but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident.I think the main reasons are as follows: First of all, the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals. Secondly, the following car should keep a certain distance from the fron

11、t car so that the driver could have enough time to take measurs when any badly situation. Finally, these two drivers were careless. If they had paid more attention to driving, this accident wouldnt have happened.,8 points The trafic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was

12、 driving my car home at about 4 oclock.The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened. Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another direction. There was no time for the drivers to change the directions.I th

13、ink the accident mostly attributed to such reasons: Firstly and the foremost, it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly made the accidents happen. It was not too careful for them when running a car. Secondly, the weather also should be responsible for it. The fog made the vision of

14、drivers vague. Last but not the least, the constructure of the roads was unreasonable. The trafic lights are needed at any junctions.,5 points It was 8:00 this morning, I went on my way to school. When I just at the school gate, I saw the terrible traffic accident happend.A student ride his bike in

15、a high speed, and just when he arrived the school gate, a large truck traveled out of the gate and hit him down. He flied over 3m before his bike hit him on the ground. Surely, the poor boy was hurt very bad.I think there are two reasons for the accident. First, it was just the time we began our fir

16、st class, the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late, he ride his bike so fast, even didnt low down his speed at the gate. Secend, the truck is too large, and at that time, there were too many people walk through the gate, so the bike driver have no other way to chose, but to ride in the middle

17、of the road.,2 points I saw the Traffic Accident in Tianjin Road. The Traffic Accident has been at the morning, May 1. Two children by bike went to school. A car is so fast, the streel. And the car touched two children by bike, and the Traffic Accident has happened. One is touched so far way and the

18、 other is put down. Mary people come here, and they sent to two children who go to Hospiton. Wait a time, The ploiemen arriverd in the Accident place.My opiontoin: The car driver is so fast by car, and He didnt attendation to the children by bike aside the road. Two children by bike didnt heared the

19、 car come. All of above, I think the car driver must be serier the Traffic Accident,常考的四类文章,1.正反论证型 2.原因现象型 3.图表类 4.永恒性话题 5.书信类 6.谚语类,正反论证型：框架理论,首段写一个小的现象介绍； 二段写支持观点； 三段写反对观点； 末段表达自己的观点。注：其中二段和三段可以并在一起为第二段来写,正反论证型：框架实例（1）,There is a general discussion today about the issue of Everyone has his own vi

20、ew. People who like.have their reasons.In the first place ,they think . In the second place , they belive . So ,they suggest. Others ,however ,hold the opposite view .They maintain that They point out that. In addition,they argue that . Therefore ,they support . Whos right ? I think both of them hav

21、e something right. But I think we should ,正反论证型：框架实例（2）,第一段一般只写三句。 第一句：It is widely believed by many people for some time that . 第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：The other reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只写三句。 第一句：While others argue that . 第二句：They maintain that. 第三句：They also claim that. 第三段写四

22、句。 第一句：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that . 第二句：On the one hand, . 第三句：On the other hand, . 第四句：Only in this way can we .,正反论证型：句型模板及套句,Recently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus. 近来，_的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。 Now we are entering a brand new era full of oppo

23、rtunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice. 现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。 Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public. 近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。 Th

24、e issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused a heated discussion all over the country. _的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。,At present, some people think .while others claim .Both sides have their merits. 目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。 People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue

25、. 对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。 People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case. 不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。 The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue. 这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此

26、问题的看法也不尽相同。 When asked ., some people think. while some prefer. 说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。,Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. 俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。 To this issue, different people come up with various a

27、ttitudes. 对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。 There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that. 万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。 When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as . 提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_. When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other peo

28、ple think as. 提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_。,There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of . There who criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who favor ., on the other hand, argue that. 目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为_。 Some people are of the opinion that. 有些人认为_。 Ma

29、ny people claim that. 很多人认为_。 Of course, nothing in the world is perfect, so is. 当然，世间没有完美的事物，所以，_。 Despite its merits, it also brings some problems to solve. 尽管其也有很多优点，不过，也给我们带来一些问题。,But its bright side should not keep us from examining its dark side. 但是，我们不能因为这些优点而忽略了其缺点。 From the reasons presente

30、d above, I think the pros outweigh the cons. 从以上原因可以看出，其优势胜过劣势（优点多于缺点）。 As far as I am concerned, its disadvantages outweigh its disadvantages. 我认为，其优势胜于劣势。 总的说来：In general, all in all, on the whole , in brief, in summary, in conclusion, in short, in a word , to sum up, to conclude, to summarize,. B

31、ut all in all, I would say the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. With the advance of society, if we encourage the merits and eliminate the drawbacks, all people will enjoy a better life. 但是，总的说来，我认为其优势大于劣势。随着社会的发展，如果我们能对此善加利用，所有的人都能生活得更好。,From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw

32、the conclusion that. 通过以上的讨论，我们可以得出如下结论，_。 So, as I see it. 因此，我个人认为，_。 What we must do is to encourage the strength and diminish the weaknesses to the least extent. 我们必须尽可能发挥其优势，趋吉避凶。 In conclusion, although . has its negative effects, it can to a great extent bring us more advantages. 总的说来，虽然_ 有其负

33、面的影响，在很大程度上，其也将给我们带来很多好处。 From what has been discussed above, we can see . does more harm than good to us. Therefore, I strongly approve of the motion that. 从以上论述可知，_ 对我们百害而无一利。,正反论证型：作业,For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students Rating of Their Teachers。

34、You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法,范文欣赏,Students Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some univer

35、sities students rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.,This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teache

36、rs effectiveness. Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it. They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students rating forms. Students should not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject. Th

37、ese judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers colleagues.,I think students rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers performance. Instead of rating the teachers knowledge on the sub

38、ject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such things as a teachers ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students interest in the subject.,原因现象类,首段同理一个小的现象介绍； 2段原因分析； 末段解决问题

39、。 Ther is a general discussion today about the issue of A number of reasons are responsible for this . In the first place , In the second place , . In addition , So,. From what have been discussed above ,we may safely draw the conclusion that can be found . For one thing ,. For another , To sum up ,

40、there is a little doubt that further attention must be paid to the issue .,现象作文 第一段只写两句： 第一句：In recent years, there has been 第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二段只写四句： 第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secon

41、dly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句： 第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.,句型模板 in my mind , the following factors/reasons/causes need to be taken into consideration. 我认为，我们需要考虑下列因素

42、/原因： There are several reasons for this phenomenon/why.-(as follows). 造成这种现象的原因如下： And I would like to present two explanations for this: 对于此，我有如下两点愚见： The reasons are chiefly as follows. 主要原因如下： There are numerous reasons why _, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. 为什么

43、_，原因很多，在此列举几个较为重要的原因。 The reasons are presented below. 原因如下。 There are three premier(主要的)/best/ most important, largest, significant, obvious, crucial causes as follows. 以下这些是造成这一问题的最主要/最好/最重要/最大/最有意义/明显/至关重要的原因。,This is based on the propensity(倾向，原因) of following points. 这基于以下的原因。 The main reason i

44、s that. 主要原因是_。 One very important argument for . is that. _的非常重要的原因便是_。 The reasons are quite clear. Above all, . 原因非常清楚。首先（首要的是）_。 The first reason can be seen by every person. 第一个原因其实很明显。 The first and most important reason is that. 第一个而且最重要的原因是_。,One of the reasons that are given for.is that. _的

45、原因之一是_。 Perhaps this is because of the simple fact that. 也许，原因很简单，亦即_。 One of the premier causes is that(注意用词) 最重要的原因之一便是_。 At the risk of sounding too simplistic, it seems to me that the main propositions can be summarized in one saying. 这个原因可能较简单，不过，我认为可以用一句谚语来概括，_。 We may look into every possible

46、 reason, however, foremost reason for . Is . 其实有很多原因，不过，造成_的最重要的原因是_。 It might also be noted that. 需要注意的是，_。,Another reason why .(凑字数，但不可滥用) is that.(有利于写长句) What is also worth noticing is that. 值得一提的是_。 There is another factor that deserves some words here. 还有另外一个很重要的原因。 A more essential factor why

47、. Is that _ 的更为重要的原因是_。 A further reason why, is that. _的更深层次的原因是_。 In addition.此外，再者 Moving on to wider themes,_ 展开来说，_。,The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that. 第二个原因也很重要（值得考虑），亦即_。 Likewise(同样), common sense tells us that. 同样，_，这是众所周知的。 The third but very important reason i

48、s that. 第三个（尽管不是很重要）原因是_。 The third, not the last is that, 第三个原因是_。 The last factor to be taken seriously is. 第三个重要原因是_。,图表类,其实图表类是原因现象类的另一中形式而已，所以其写法也就大同小异了。 There is a general discussion today about the issue of As we can see from the chart ,great change have been taking place. Obviously , .(现象趋势的

49、描述) Some reasons are responsible for this . To begin with , . In addition , That is to say . From what have been discussed above , we may safely draw the conclusion that .,图表作文常用句型 As is shown in the graph. 如图所示. The graph shows that. 图表显示. As can be seen from the table,. 从表格中可以看出. From the chart, w

50、e know that. 从这张表中,我们可知. All these data clearly prove the fact that. 所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即. The increase of . In the city has reached to 20%. 在这个城市的增长已达到20%. In 1985, the number remained the same. 1985年,这个数字保持不变. There was a gradual decline in 1989. 1989年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.,模仿练习一,Direction: For this part you ar

51、e allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic :Cell Phones .You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below: 1. 描述上图所示的手机用户数的变化情况 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 对此现象作出评价,Cell Phones As is shown in the chart, cell phones are becoming increasingly popular within Chin

52、a. In 1999, the number of cell phones in use was only 2 million, but in 2002, the number reaches 5 million. And in the year 2005, the number has suddenly soared to 9 million. There are many factors contributing to this development. Firstly, a cell phone has no wires and can be carried everywhere easily. S