大学核心商务英语读写教程4unit6FamousCEOs.ppt

1、UNIT SIXFamous CEOs,To know more about world famous CEOs,Objectives,About this Unit,Text A: Bill Gates: The Rich Must Help the Poor,Bill server applications for distributed computing environments; information worker productivity applications; business solutions applications; computing applications;

2、software development tools, and video games.,Technical Terms,2. World Economic Forum (Para.2）： The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Geneva-based non-profit foundation best known for its annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, which brings together top business leaders, international political leaders,

3、selected intellectuals and journalists to discuss the most pressing issues facing the world, including health and the environment. Beside meetings, the WEF produces a series of research reports and engages its members in sector specific initiatives.WEF also organizes the Annual Meeting of the New Ch

4、ampions in China and a series of regional meetings throughout the year. In 2008 those regional meetings included meetings on Europe and Central Asia, East Asia, the Russia CEO Roundtable, Africa, the Middle East, and the World Economic Forum on Latin America. In 2008 it launched the Summit on the Gl

5、obal Agenda in Dubai.,收盘指令：At-the-Close Order 到期日：Expiration Date 已发行流通股：Issued-and-Outstanding Stocks 指数：Index 面值：Face value 熊市：Bear Market 条线图：Bar Chart 交易大厅：Floor 所持证券市场价值：Long Market value 最后交易日：Last Trading Day 报价：Quote 上市股票：Listed Stock 周期性股票：Cyclical Stock 牛市：Bull Market 日交易：Day Trading,stock

6、 terms, foundation n. Meaning: sums of money for research, charity, etc （为研究,慈善事业等提供的）基金, 基金会: 基金 习惯用语 be on the foundation 由基金会维持的(机构); 领取基金会提供的奖学金(或薪金)的(人) lay the foundation for 给.打下基础, 为.奠定基础 strike at the foundation of sth. 毁灭某事物 without foundation 无根据的 Example: The foundation provides money fo

7、r schools. 基金会资助学校。,Words and Expressions,Words and Expressions, amplify v. Meaning: add details to (a story, etc); make fuller 补充叙述（故事 事件等）; 详述 Example: Let me amplify my earlier remarks. 我来详细说说我早些时候讲过的话。 (3) urge v. Meaning: try earnestly or persistently to persuade (sb) 诚恳地或持续地催促（某人） Example: The

8、y urged us to go at once. 他们催促我们马上去。 The citizens urged for the construction of a new hospital. 市民们强烈要求建造一个新医院,Words and Expressions,(4) commitment n. Meaning: thing one has promised to do; pledge undertaking承诺; 允诺; 保证; 承担 Examples: 1) Crucial to any familys success is an investment of time, energy,

9、 spirit and heart, an investment otherwise known as commitment. 家庭成功的关键是时间、精力、精神和感情的投入,这种投入也叫做责任心。 2) Commitment is not commitment without two consenting parties. 承诺如不是双方认可的就不成其为承诺。,Words and Expressions,(5) endowment n. Meaning: action of endowing （经常的）资助, 捐助 Example: That university has numerous e

10、ndowments. 那所大学有许多的捐款。 才能,天资P1 His endowments are limited, and scarcely fit him for this post. 他 的天资有限,不太适合担任这项职务。 (6) pledge /pled/ v. Meaning: give solemn promise; vow; 誓言; 誓约;保证 Example: They pledged never to tell the secret. 他们发誓决不泄密。,(7) installment n. Meaning: any one of the parts of a payment

11、 spread over a period of time （分期付款的）一期付款 Example: If you have any difficulty in the full payment, we are in position to allowing you an installment payment, provided the amount for installment is acceptable. 如目前贵方全额付款有困难,我方也同意分期支付,只要贵方建议的每期付款的数额可以接受。,Words and Expressions,Words and Expressions,(8)

12、revenue n. Meaning: income, esp the total annual income of the State from taxes, etc 收入; （尤指）岁入 Example: Financial revenue reversed the situation of low growth, following sustained economic development and the implementation of measures on increasing revenue and reducing expenditure. 财政收入伴随着经济的持续增长和

13、增收节支措施的落实,也逐步扭转低速增长局面。,(9) invest in: 投资; 投资于 Example: The key to invest wisely here is to identify the promising programs that will last more than a few months and more importantly you want to invest early in the program and take the profits off the table before the programs start downhill accelera

14、tion. 智慧投资的关键是分辨出那些有前途的项目,并且它们能够运行几个月,更重要的是你要早日投入并且在项目开始加速下滑的时候撤走你的资金。,Words and Expressions,1. Gates amplified some of his themes during a Jan. 26 press conference, which was held in advance of a trip to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and to Nigeria, where he planned on pushing the

15、 battle against polio. (para.2) 释义 On Jan.26, Gates talked more about his themes in the press conference. After that, he would attend the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and tried to launch a campaign against polio in Nigeria. 解析 本句含有which 引导的非限制性定语从句。其中，where 引导的定语从句修饰Nigeria。 press con

16、ference：记者招待会，新闻发布会。,Notes to the Text,2. “Otherwise,” he writes, “we will come out of the economic downturn in a world that is even more unequal, with greater inequities in health and education, and fewer opportunities for people to improve their lives.” (para.4) 释义 “Otherwise,” he writes, “when we

17、 go out of this economic recession, the world will be more unequal in terms of health and education, and fewer opportunities for people to improve their lives.” 解析 本句是when引导的时间状语从句。在主句中，more unequal in terms of health and education和 fewer opportunities for people to improve their lives是并列表语结构。,Notes

18、 to the Text,Notes to the Text,3. But he says hes disappointed with the slow progress in coming up with effective and affordable AIDS vaccines. Gates admits that many of the investments the foundation has made in education havent improved students achievement in any significant way, but he says some

19、 charter schools achieved some notable successes. (para.5) 释义Slow progress has been made in the research of effective and cheap enough AIDS vaccines. Thus, Gates is disappointed. That happens to education too. Although the foundation has invested a lot in education, students achievement has not been

20、 improved significantly, except some charter schools. 解析 第二个句子为but连接的并列句，其中，在第一个分句中，the foundation has made in education是定语从句修饰先行词e up with: (针对问题等) 想出，提供, 如：He came up with good ideas for the product promotion. 他想出一个推广产品的好方法。charter school: an experimental public school for kindergar

21、ten through grade 12; created and organized by teachers and parents and community leaders; operates independently of other schools. 政府支持的特许公立学校，即由家长和校方人员共同管理的公立学校。,Text B: Warren Buffett on the Economy,Background Information,巴菲特阐释“滚雪球” 首先，要找到湿雪。它是财富在滚动过程中能够吸附在身边的、能够跟随增长的资金。巴菲特在投资的过程中，大量使用的就是此类的资金。如保

22、险的浮存金，可以无息的自由支配；如零息贷款，可以适合长期投资；如长期持有伯克希尔股权的投资者，他们极低的换手率也在默默支持。这些“湿雪”是巴菲特成功的因素之一。 其次，要有很长的坡，让雪球有足够的时间滚大变强。气候变幻无常，弱小的雪球很容易在阳光风雨下削弱消亡，如何才能越滚越大呢？如果足够的湿雪是充分条件，那么长坡就是必要条件。好的企业就是这样的通道，能够让财富在经过通道的过程中，不断增值。怎样的企业是好通道呢？先要足够的长，滚动过程中不断变换跑道是件有风险的事情，更是麻烦事。再者跑道尽量要平稳，不要大起大落，路途太颠簸，谁也受不了。最终能挤进来的雪球不能多，否则频繁的撞车消耗，跑到终点的可能

23、性就很小了。 最后，要有足够的耐心，等待雪球逐步滚大。,“人生就像滚雪球。最重要的是发现很湿的雪和很长的坡。”沃伦巴菲特,Introduction to the Text,本文针对巴菲特写给股东们的信展开评论，透视了巴菲特对于目前经济发展趋势的预测以及在经济危机下他对政府做出的反应的赞同。文章大幅引用信件原文，原文中又多处使用借喻的修辞方法，读起来生动形象、原滋原味。文章结尾表达了巴菲特面对危机仍对美国经济发展的明天非常乐观、充满信心。文中出现多处经济术语和金融机构名称，充分的背景知识准备将有助于读者理解本文。,Technical Terms,WSJ.com (The Wall Street

24、Journal) /华尔街日报 (Para. 1): 道琼斯公司旗下的财经网站。The Wall Street Journal创刊于1889年，以超过200万份的发行量成为美国付费发行量最大的财经报纸。是美国历史最悠久的报纸之一，是美国乃至全球商务人士的必读。报纸总部位于纽约，有近500名记者和编辑，截至2005年，报纸因出色的报道已经获得31次美国新闻界最高奖“普利策奖”。,Technical Terms,Wall Street/ 华尔街 （para.6）: Wall Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs

25、east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, through the historical center of the Financial District. It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange, the worlds largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies,Main Street（para.6）: Main Street is the met

26、onym for a generic street name (and often the official name) of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in many parts of the world. It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in the central business district, and is most often used in reference to retailing and socializi

27、ng.,Technical Terms,Bear Stearnss failure (Para. 3): The Bear Stearns Companies, Inc. (former NYSE ticker symbol BSC) based in New York City, was a global investment bank and securities trading and brokerage, until its collapse and fire sale to JPMorgan Chase in 2008. The main business areas, based

28、on 2006 net revenue distributions, were capital markets (equities, fixed income, investment banking; just under 80%), wealth management (under 10%), and global clearing services (12%).,The collapse of the company was a prelude to the risk management meltdown of the Wall Street investment bank indust

29、ry in September 2008, and the subsequent global financial crisis and recession. In January 2010, JPMorgan discontinued use of the Bear Stearns name.,Technical Terms,Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)/ 道琼斯工业股票平均价格指数 (Para. 7):,1884年，在主要的铁路股票基础上，道琼斯编制了它的第一个股票指数，即后来的道琼斯运输业股票平均价格指数。1896年，道琼斯公司推出了道琼斯工业股

30、票平均价格指数（The Dow Jones Industrial Average），随后由于该指数跟踪最大的股票市场动态，逐渐成为全球应用最广泛、最权威的股票市场价格指数。如今，这一包含30只蓝筹成份股的指数已经被视为衡量美国经济的“晴雨表”。,Words and Expressions, dissect v. Meaning : (fig) examine (a theory, an event, etc) in great detail 剖析（理论事件等） Example: The lawyers dissected his claim for damages. 律师们仔细分析了他提出的赔

31、偿要求 (2) shamble v. Meaning : walk or run awkwardly, withoutraising ones feet properly 笨拙地走或跑: Example: He would shamble in with his distinctive walk, a kind of shuffle. 他会挪着他那特有的、带点拖沓的步履.蹒跚地走进来。,Words and Expressions,(3) collapse v. Meaning : fall down or in suddenly突然倒塌, 塌陷 Example: Having been neg

32、lected for years, the house collapsed. 这所房子因年久失修而倒塌了。 补充词义崩溃,瓦解;(价格)暴跌;(计划等)突然失败:Their project collapsed for lack of money. 他们的计划因缺钱而告失败。(健康等)垮掉;衰退;累倒: His health collapsed because of overwork. 他的身体因工作过度而垮掉了。,Words and Expressions,(4) inflation n. Meaning : rise in prices resulting from an increase

33、in the supply of money, credit, etc 通货膨胀; 物价上涨 Example: But let me also go on to say this, that years of inflation close to double digits, and negative interest rates, inevitably have brought about asset price inflation. 但我想继续指出,多年来接近双位的通胀数字和负利率,导致资产价格上升,无可避免。,Words and Expressions,(5) debilitate v.

34、 Meaning : make very weak 使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱 Example: A Japanese art of self-defense that employs holds and locks and that uses the principles of nonresistance in order to debilitate the strength of the opponent. 合气道日本的一种自卫拳术,运用搂抱和不抵抗的原则来削弱对方的力量 (6) spur v. Meaning : strongly encourage sb/sth to do bette

35、r, achieve more 激励或刺激某人/某事物 Example: He spurred his players to fight harder. 他激励他的球员更加努力地战斗。 补充词义策马飞奔;急速前进: He spurred forward to his destination. 他驱马疾驰,直奔目的地。,Words and Expressions,(7)mete v. Meaning : portion or measure分配给予；衡量 Example: Duly mete out rewards and punishments. 有赏有罚。 (8)dispense Meani

36、ng : v. prepare and give out (medicine, esp that prescribed by a doctor) 配（药）和发（药）（尤指按医生处方） Example: The pharmacist dispensed the prescription with great care. 药剂师精心配方。 补充词义分配,分发;施给(+to) The government dispensed emergency food to the flood victims. 政府把应急食品发给水灾受害者。免除(+from) The coach dispensed the in

37、jured player from practice. 教练准许受伤的队员不参加训练。,Words and Expressions,(9) cataclysmic adj. Meaning : sudden violent (change or disaster),突发的(剧烈变动或灾难) cataclysmic nuclear war 灾难性的核战争，a cataclysmic earthquake灾难性的地震。 (10) travail n. Meaning : painful efforts 艰辛的努力 Example: With much bodily toil and mental

38、travail he wrote the decree upon half a sheet of foolscap and then copy it upon the other. 他用尽全身气力,绞尽脑汁在半张大页书写纸上写下判决词,然后又抄到另外半张纸上。 (11) recession n. Meaning : temporary decline in economic activity or prosperity （经济）衰退;不景气 Example: But once the economy was in recession, then the problems usually ass

39、ociated with recession came center stage: unemployment and lagging incomes. 可是一旦经济陷入不景气,一般与不景气有关的问题失业和收入不足乃成为人们注意的焦点。,Notes to the Text,“This debilitating spiral has spurred our government to take massive action.” (para.5) 释义 It is debilitating that stock price has been continuously lowering. And th

40、at urges our government to react in a extensive way. 解析本句话中涉及股票术语和移就修辞方法的使用。 Stock terms: Spiral（指股票、房地产等的价值）持续上涨或下跌：Property prices in the area have spiraled out of control since the motorway was built.自从这条高速公路建成后，该地区的房地产价格持续猛涨，完全失控了。,Figure of speech: Transferred Epithet (移就): It is one of the mos

41、t common figures of speech in English, and it is composed of transferred epithet and the central word, both of which are temporarily combined by means of subtle transformation of the meaning of the words. “debilitating” here doesnt describe spiral but to speak out peoples feeling in face of spiral.,

42、2. “In poker terms, the Treasury and the Fed have gone all in.” (para.5) 释义 If in porker games, we can say the Treasury and the Fed have gambled all their money. 解析 用扑克牌的术语来说，财政部和联邦调查局已经孤注一掷了。 all in: 筋疲力尽She felt all in after shopping. 上街采购后她感到累坏了。 （扑克） 将钱全部押注的人,Notes to the Text,3. “Economic medic

43、ine that was previously meted out by the cupful has recently been dispensed by the barrel.” (para.5) 释义Treasury measures which were taken step by step before were taken out all at once this time. 解析Figure of speech: metaphor 暗喻 In fact, there is no “economy medicine”, here it refers to actions taken

44、 by government. In the context, it means that Treasury and the Fed have gone too far in taking actions to help economy to improve. Metaphor: 隐喻, 暗喻 A metaphor is an analogy between two objects or ideas; the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word. eg.: “Her

45、eyes were glistening jewels” means she is crying. Simile: 明喻 a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with like or as) eg: as white as snow,Notes to the Text,Notes to the Text,4. “Weaning these entities from the public teat will be a political

46、 challenge.” (para.6) 释义 It will be difficult to make cities and states independent of the Federal assistance. 解析切断联邦政府对这些州和城市的供给可是个政治考验。It is also a metaphor here. It is very vivid to describe the fact that it will be difficult to make cities and states independent of the federal assistance. 用婴儿断奶这

47、件不容易的事情暗喻要使各州市自力更生，不接受联邦政府的救济是很困难的事情。,5. “Had that occurred, the consequences for every area of our economy would have been cataclysmic.” 解析倘若当时金融系统彻底瓦解了，那么对经济各个领域的影响就是毁灭性的。此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气条件句的省略句及倒装句，省略了if，完整句子应为If that had occurred, the consequences,Text C Business Icon and Best-Selling Author Jack

48、 Welch Kicks Off AFP s 28thAnnual Conference in Boston,Background Information,Jack: Straight from the Gut John Francis Jack Welch, Jr. (born November 19, 1935) is an American businessman and author. He was Chairman and CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001. Welchs net worth is estimated at $

49、720 million. He shares his greatest victories, his most valuable experiences, and even his most devastating failures in a passionate memoir that reveals his most important secrets to success in business and in life in Jack: Straight from the Gut. 杰克韦尔奇自传是 韦尔奇 退休前所作，本书稿酬高达700万 美元 ,他在书中推心置腹、侃侃而谈，将自己的成

50、长岁月、成功经历及 经营理念 和盘托出。比如这位管理奇才如何开创了一种独 特的管理模式，帮助庞大多元的商业帝国摆脱“金字塔”官僚体制的痼疾，走上灵活主动的道路本书为全世界渴望成功的商业人士树立了一个经典范例，堪称一 部 CEO 的“圣经”。这本自传的出版将是他一生管理经验的见证。 韦尔奇 在本书中首次透露管理秘决：他在短短二十年间将 通用电气 从世界第十位提升到第二位，市场资本增长30多倍，达到4500亿美元。他的成长岁月、成功经历及经营理念也将和盘托出。本书将成为世界上所有梦想成功人士的必读书。,本文是一篇AFP第28届年会的新闻报道，并借此机会介绍了杰克韦尔奇的领导策略和企业管理之道。文章

51、结构清晰，包括标题、导语、主体三个主要部分。标题中“kick off”的使用体现了英语新闻标题生动的特点，意为“发起”或“拉开序幕”。文章第一段为导语部分，介绍了事件发生的时间，地点，人物和本文关注的主题，即优秀的领导者应具备的特质，使读者一目了然。接下来的段落即是主体部分，介绍了此次会议的重要环节和活动内容，以及杰克韦尔奇对目前经济的看法和他的管理理念。杰克韦尔奇认为一个杰出的领导者必备的三个特质是为人真实可靠、自我调节力强和有预见性。同时他认为价值观和领导策略在企业经营中也发挥着重要的作用， 如：“四处找寻灵感。言之确灼。还世界真实面目，而不是你希望中的样子。在别人失落时不要泼冷水。” “

52、持久的奖励和赞扬才能得到他人你期望的举动”。,文章主题和文体特征分析,1. gut n. courage and determination 勇气与决心; 胆量; 魄力 Example: No one had ht guts to tell Paul what a mistake he was making. 谁也没有胆量告诉保罗他在犯什么样的错误。 2. posit v. suggest or assume (sth) as a fact; 断定或假定（某事物）为实; 假设 Example: Historical linguists posit a common ancestor from

53、which both Romance and Germanic languages descend. 历史语言学家认为罗斯语系和德语语系由同一种语言演变而来。 3. bureaucratic adj. of, like or relating to a bureaucracy or bureaucrats 官僚制度的; 官僚的 Example: Inefficient bureaucratic administrations would be phased out. 低效的官僚管理体制将会逐渐废除。,Words and Expressions,Words and Expressions,4.

54、dynamic adj. of power or forces that produce movement 动力的，有活力的 Example: A process of dynamic relocation in which contiguous segments are moved to one end of the memory to combine all unused storage at the other end. 一种能动态重新安排存储器的处理技术，即把各连续已用的存储段移到存储器的一端，把未使用的存储空间集中到存储器的另一端。 A dynamic market. 有活力的市场

55、He has a dynamic personality. 他是个性活跃的人。 5. revere v. feel deep respect or (esp religious) veneration for sb/sth 深为尊敬或（尤指宗教上）崇敬某人 Example: People came to the memorial to revere the memory of the great leader. 人们来到纪念馆崇敬地纪念这位伟大的领袖。,Words and Expressions,6. showcase v. show and protect some articles in o