《级分项指导》PPT课件.ppt

1、四级分项指导,作文,评分标准 样卷分析 写作步骤 常用句型,评分标准,1正确表达思想； 2意义连贯； 3无重大语法错误。 为评分的方便，国家考题组又将评分原则归纳为八个字，即“总体评分”和“综合评判”，并作了相应的解释。前者指的是“阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分”。后者指的是“要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚确切地表达思想”。,评分标准,2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分-基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差

2、。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分-基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。 11分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分-切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。 除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素： l白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。 2. 字数不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分， 7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。 3只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分,样卷分析,20

3、00.1 Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多种途径解决 2. 哪种途径适合于我（说明理由） 该文章转载自

4、无忧考网：,样卷分析,14 points Nowadays, tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to finance your college education has become a matter of concern for many. You can deal with it in many ways. You can get all of the money from your parents. You can apply for a loan especially set up f

5、or college students. You can also acquire the money completely by yourself, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. In addition, you can ask your parents for most of it and earn the rest in your spare time in college, by doing a part-time job. In my opinion, I prefer the last way. Having

6、acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I neednt worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life colorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge. So, I choo

7、se this way to cover my tuition and fees.,11 points Nowadays, if we want to go to college, well have to pay a big sum of money. Its a problem to many students. Many ways can contribute to solve this serious problem. But the following ones may be the most effective. First, you can ask your parents fo

8、r help if they have nice careers. Another way to solve this problem is to apply for a bank loan. Finally, we can find a part-time job to get enough money. As to me, Im in favor of the second idea. My reasons of choice can be listed as follows: first of all, my parents are not rich enough to afford m

9、e. Secondly, youll not have enough time and energy to study after finishing the part-time job. Finally, Im sure that Ill get a nice job after graduation, then Ill be able to pay back the loan. Through above analysis, I believe that bank loan is my best choice.,8 points After I came into the college,

10、 there is a question how I finance my college education. There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. The most usual way is use the familys money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someones family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank. The

11、government will help the students like this. Other way is find a job through schools help. Of course we still put study in the first place. In my opinor, I choose the way is to combine getting money from parents and working. On one hand, most of the education fees can be got from parents. On another

12、 hand, I spend my spare time doing some jobs as private teaching. Through doing part-time job I can not only earn money but also obtain some social experience. Social experience is also very important to me. This is the way how I finance my college education.,8 points,After I came into the college,

13、there is a question how I finance my college education. There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education.,After I entered college, there came the question of how to finance my college education. There are many ways to solve the problem of tuition and fees of college education.,T

14、he most usual way is use the familys money. Most of the students get money from their parents. If someones family situation is not well he can apply for loan to bank. The government will help the students like this.,The most usual way is to use the familys money. Most of the students get money from

15、their parents. If ones family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. The government encourages banks to provide loans for the needy students.,Other way is find a job through schools help. Of course we still put study in the first place.,Another way is to find a part-time job through t

16、he help of ones school. Of course we should always put study in the first place.,In my opinor, I choose the way is to combine getting money from parents and working. On one hand, most of the education fees can be got from parents. On another hand, I spend my spare time doing some jobs as private tea

17、ching. Through doing part-time job I can not only earn money but also obtain some social experience. Social experience is also very important to me. This is the way how I finance my college education.,I get most of the money for tuition and fees from my parents and earn the rest by working. I spend

18、my spare time working as a private tutor. Through doing the part-time job I can not only earn money but also obtain some social experience which is also very important to me. This is the way how I finance my college education.,5 points We are in the college. The tuition and fees is very expensive. W

19、e can get it in many ways. Example, we can through our parents get it, also we can earn money out of class get it. And even we can through the school get it and so on. If your study hard and get a high score, the school will be pride of you with money. You can also borrow it from school. But I would

20、 be better to earn money out of class. Because it can adapt me a chance which is doing something by myself. It let me know that the money is not easy earn. I should make good use of money. I must also study harder than other, because I lost my time of studying. So it let me make good use of time. Th

21、is is just how I finance my college education.,2 points How I finance my college education? Following way is my think to the question. There have many of different roads to finance ones college tuition and fees. The different people has different idea, example is you can do some work for your tuitio

22、n and fees, or do your best in your studying, then you will get money. But, in mains is your mother and fathers money. Though, I doesnt leave off my mother. I has done some work out of school, something is myself to find, It can get only little money, but Im very happy in my heart. It cant finance m

23、y University tuition. It ca reduce my mothers money. It is mine that How I finance my college education.,写作步骤,审题 立意 提纲 草稿 修改,Introduction（对立法、现象法、比较法、问题法） Body（解释原因、举例说明、使用数据、对比异同） Conclusion（总结中心句、建议、期望或倡议、预测未来）,常用句型,文章开始 To begin with, to start with Generally speaking With (the development / progr

24、ess / growth) of (economy / society),常用句型,文章结尾： In conclusion In brief, in short, in a word To sum up, in summary It is high time that Only when can we e.g. only when we fully realize the importance of it can we make full use of it.,常用句型,先后次序： To begin with , moreover, finally Meanwhile Eventually,

25、finally Last but not the least,常用句型,因果关系： As a result Due to, on account of, owing to As a consequence, consequently Therefore, hence, thus In view of,常用句型,比较对比 Unlike In contrast On the other hand Likewise Compared with, in comparison with, when compared with As opposed to contrary to, on the contr

26、ary,常用句型,表示解释：in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in face 表示强调：certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important 表示让步：although, nevertheless, of course, after all, clearly, still, yet 表示举例：for example, for instance, such as, next 递进或补充：in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, yet,快速阅读,快

27、速浏览大小标题 根据题干关键词，准确定位，确定答案,篇章词汇理解,考试形式 考查目标 如何准备 解题步骤 实战演习,考试形式,一篇250词左右的英语文章中去掉10个单词，在文末给出15个包含有答案的词语供考生选择。,考查目标,阅读能力 根据上下文确切理解句子的能力 语法和词汇应用能力 遣词造句能力,如何准备,基本语法知识 足够词汇量 词汇搭配关系及其用法 训练综合概括能力和具体书面表达能力,解题步骤,浏览全文，抓住中心 阅读选项，词性分类 照应前后，灵活选择 复读全文，谨慎调整,动词,名词/代词n./pron. 及物动词vt. 名词/代词n./pron. （主+谓+宾） Not long ag

28、o, many car dealers _ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. 名词/代词n./pron. 不及物动词vi.（主+谓） 名词/代词n./pron.不及物动词vi. 副词/介词(主+谓-固定搭配) 名词/代词n./pron.系动词link v./be动词 形容词adj.(主+系+表) 不定式to+ 动词v. Another way to _ nuclear waste is to send it into space, to the sun,

29、where it would be burned. *确定空白处应填动词后，还要根据上下文确定动词时态。,名词,冠词、形容词或及物动词名词 名词（主语）谓语动词 介词名词（宾语） 名词单复数的确定可根据： 上下文内容、冠词、谓语动词,形容词,Be动词或系动词形容词 形容词名词 名词形容词 副词形容词,副词,副词形容词 如果空格处所在的句子有完整的主语和谓语，这时应该考虑此处是否需要一个副词，用来修饰该动词。 某些副词用来引到一个句子，在句子中作状语，表达转折、因果、让步等逻辑关系：however，therefore, although,etc.,分词,进行时 现在完成时或过去完成时：has/h

30、ave/had + p.p. 被动语态 用作形容词,选词其他原则,根据文章主题确定词义范围 根据句子之间的逻辑关系确定词义范围与色彩：并列，递进，顺序，因果，转折，让步，条件,实战演习,A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural 47_ for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have

31、books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48_ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to 49_ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food fo

32、r the the mind and spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50_of human experiences and come to 51_ other ways of thought and living. And while 52_ their own relationships an

33、d responses to readers often find that the 53_ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own. Books provide 54_ material for readers imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achiev

34、ement. While enriching their imagination, books 55_ their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure 56_. The social and educational significance of the readers books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) abundant I) establishing B) charact

35、ers J) narrow C) communicating K) naturally D) completely L) personnel E) derive M) properly F) desire N) respect G) diversity O）widen H) escape,阅读选项，词性分类,A) abundant adj. I) establishing v+ingB) characters n+sJ) narrow adj. C) communicating v+ing K) naturally adv.D) completely adv. L) personnel n.

36、E) derive v. M) properly adv.F) desire v. n. N) respect v. G) diversity n. O）widen v. H) escape v.,阅读选项，词性分类,名词：B) characters n+s G) diversity n. L) personnel n. F) desire n. 动词：C) communicating v+ing I) establishing v+ing E) derive v. F) desire v. N) respect v. O）widen v. H) escape v. 形容词： A) abund

37、ant adj. J) narrow adj. 副词：K) naturally adv. D) completely adv. M) properly adv.,They meet the natural 47_ for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life.,名词：B) characters n+s F) desire v G) diversity n. L) personnel n.,Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book

38、, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48_ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things,副词：K) naturally adv. D) completely adv. M) properly adv.,篇章阅读理解,考察目标 考题设置 答题步骤 真题分析,篇章阅读理解,考察目标： 掌握所读材料的主旨大意 了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节 既理解字面意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论 既理解个别句子的意思，也理解上下文的逻辑关系,篇章阅读理

39、解,考题设置 几乎所有题都与文章的“主题”有着密切关系。正确选项是对文章中的例证事实或者段落大意的归纳。 关键词同义替换 正话反说或反话正说,篇章阅读理解,答题步骤 仔细读题，定位关键词 看文章 定位答案,If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor . According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more

40、likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more impor

41、tantly, men dont go to the doctor. “Men arent seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a ye

42、ar. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this

43、 life” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if

44、 it could happen to him. Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affec

45、t men could be addressed by preventive check-ups Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”,If you

46、are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .,57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today. B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived lo

47、ng enough to read this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.,you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men dont go to the doc

48、tor.,58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women? A. men drink and smoke much more than women B. men dont seek medical care as often as women C. men arent as cautions as women in face of danger D. men are more likely to suffer from fat

49、al diseases,“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him,. ”,59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him,(line2,para,8)? A. it c

50、ould happen to me, too B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky D. it would be a big misfortune,Then there is the ostrich approach, “some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.,60. what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the os

51、trich approach”(line q para.9) A. a casual attitude towards ones health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about ones disease because of fear,Regular check-ups for men would ine

52、vitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”,61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A.They may increase public expe

53、nses B.They will save money in the long run C.They may cause psychological strains on men D.They will enable men to live as long as women,完形填空,题型介绍 命题趋势 解题步骤 常见考点 真题示例,完形填空,题型介绍 分值比例：10% 考试时间：15mins 对考生的 语言知识和能力要求： 阅读理解能力 整体语感和语篇分析能力 句法结构知识 词汇知识（词汇量、构词知识、近义词辨析、语义的内涵和外延、联想和搭配） 句型搭配知识（动词、名词、形容词的惯用句型，动

54、词、名词、形容词、副词这间的搭配及其与介词的搭配）,完形填空,命题趋势： 文章体裁和题材多样化 词义辨析题居多，语法题淡化 注重文章整体理解,完形填空,解题步骤： 通读全文，掌握大意 结合语境，选择最佳 前后联系，注意语法 词汇考核，注意搭配 通读全文，核实答案,完形填空,常见考点： 词汇辨析题 词汇搭配题 语法知识题 逻辑关系题,完形填空,真题示例 词汇辨析题 As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states - light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

55、 - that _71_ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can _72_ how you feel later, and may _73_ have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase _74_ you are more likely to wake up energetic. 71. A. reveals B. reversesC.

56、 resumes D. repeats 72. A. effectB. affect C. reflect D. perfect 73. A. alreadyB. everC. neverD. even 74. A. meansB. marksC. saysD. dictates,完形填空,词汇搭配题: But a review of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at _ themselves from guaranteed threats. A. p

57、reparing B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing The listener must hear the sounds to _ out what the speaker means. A. put B. take C. draw D. figure,完形填空,逻辑关系题 Language is a means of communication, _68_ it is much more than that. 68. A. soB. but C. or D. for But human language permits communicatio

58、n about anything, _71_ things like unicorn(独角兽) that have never existed. 71. A. only B. almostC. evenD. just,翻译,题型介绍 命题趋势 评分标准 真题示例 考点分析 模拟练习,翻译-题型介绍,汉译英，共5句。 一句一题，句长15-30词。 时间为5分钟，占总分值5%。,翻译-命题趋势,原文长度难度稳定 语法词汇为考试重点 原文语言简练朴实,翻译-评分标准,整体内容和语言均正确，得1分 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分 整体意思正确，但语言有错误，得0.5分 整体

59、意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计,翻译-真题示例,2006年12月 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(适应不同文化中的生活）. 答案： adjust /adapt to life in a different culture 1分： adapt to the life in the different culture adapt oneself to life in different kinds of culture be adapted to the life in different cultures get used /be accustomed to life in a different culture adjust to lives in / of different culture 0.5分： adapt the